Paleontology: chii iye kudzidza?

Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro sainzi akadai paleontology - chii iye anodzidza, nei uye sei Inobatsirawo ano nyika.

The makarekare

Kakawanda, apo kureva wokutanga zvipenyu Panyika, vanhu vanouya mupfungwa dinosaurs. Asi pfungwa kuti ndivo vagari vakawanda vekare yedu nyika, nguva kubva Kutsakatika yavo akatora sezviri 65 Ma zvakaipa. Maererano mamwe masayendisiti 'Masvomhu, upenyu panyika akaberekwa mabhiriyoni 3.9 apfuura, uye nhamba iyi pakuziva zvakaoma chaizvo.

Papera Panguva avo nguva Pasi rokutanga makawanda utachiona uye mamwe majemusi, asi yekudyidzana vaiva vokutanga invertebrates, amphibians uye nezvinokambaira.

Kunyange muGirisi yekare, masayendisiti akawana zvisaririra zvemhuka zvasara siyana upenyu, asi chokwadi, pamusoro zera ravo uye mavambo vasina kudzidza, uye saka zvinechinangwa pakudzidza haana kuita. Asi kare kuMiddle Ages, kuti Renaissance, kufarira yekare vagere yedu nyika kwakatanga idzva simba. Uye rokuti "paleontology" akanga aronga mukutanga XIX remakore. Chii iye kudzidza uye nei?

nguva yedu

Saka, maererano pamutemo tsananguro, paleontology yave kudzidza yekare zvipenyu zvaiitika kare Geological nguva uye akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi chimiro zvisaririra uye zvimedu zvawo. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti sayenzi iyi pave intermediates zvipenyu kwakavakirwa dzidziso chaivo shanduka.

Kudzidza mapfupa Zvisaririra, ari kuongorora tichingoda nezvimwe uchapupu kuvapo zvipenyu - ichi zvose chikamu nzvimbo kufarira akadai sayenzi paleontology. Kuti kudzidza kwakadaro kunogona kutipa? Kuwedzera kune yokungotaura ruzivo uye kunzwisisa nzira shanduka, zvishoma. Asi chokwadi ndechokuti dzinokosha nevanhu usaisa pachavo chinangwa kutambudzwa chero zvinhu zvinobatsira.

Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru chikamu midziyo kudzidza akafanana sayenzi, nemhaka iyo mumwe kanenge kamwe, asi ndanzwa nezvazvo - kudzidza dinosaurs pakubhadhara zvose uye mazera. Asi tsika dzose zvikuru prosaic - zvisaririra yavo mashoma uye kwete simba zvizere, kuitira kuti kunyange mumamiziyamu, unogona chete kuona vavakezve marangwanda apo mapfupa aya chete chiduku chikamu.

Pakupindura mubvunzo kuti kudzidza paleontology, zvinokosha kutaura vagari nyanza yekare - trilobites siyana uye vamwe. marangwanda avo zvakachengetedzwa kwazvo mune dombo sediments uye sandstone idzodzo. Zvakanaka, asi "muduku" vamiririri enhoroondo fauna of - a nemapoka. Nokuda permafrost kuSiberia, zvisaririra avo vaikudzwa uye kunoshamisa kuchengeteka mamiriro.

Zvechokwadi paleontology

Chii chinorondedzerwa, tinogona kupa sayenzi sei kuzvishandisa nedzimwe nzvimbo? Chokwadi kuti anoranga aya, kusiyana nemamwe, haagoni kuzvirumbidza kuyevedza tsvakurudzo nzira uye zvabuda, izvo zvikuru kukanganisa upenyu hwedu, zvakadai wefizikisi, injiniya kana mushonga. Asi nokuda ruzivo inounganidzwa Zvishoma nezvishoma, masayendisiti vachadzidza zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo yedu nyika kusvikira murume uye muzadze zvenguva mapazi dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka. Somuenzaniso, achibatsirwa radiocarbon Kuongororwa kuti mapfupa vangadzidzei pane zvakaitwa ezvinhu akanga mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura, mumwe munhu akauya achibva yehuku kana dzimwe mhuka, uye kuti zvichaitika, ivo richachinja kunyange pashure zana anoverengeka zviuru zvemakore.

Chokwadi kuti kudzidza paleontology, mune tsika, akafanana inonakidza, asi kwakaoma chaizvo mutambo apo zviri nyore kuti chikanganiso kana yokudavira zvavanoda, nokuti panguva kurasa nevatsvakurudzi zvinhu zvikuru zvishoma pane tinoda.

Kucherwa

Asi kana zvimedu zvipenyu saka makore akawanda, nei vasina yaora avo nguva? Rakachengetedzwa pashure mamiriyoni amakore, uye chikonzero husiri nyore kuwana kwavo?

Sezvambotaurwa, paleontology - sayenzi yekare zvipenyu, uye kwatiri, vakauya muchimiro zvisaririra. Uye chinhu ndechokuti, kuti dzidzo yavo, zvinhu zvakakodzera inodiwa. Kakawanda vari inowanikwa sandstone, uye ichi ndicho hapana tsaona. Petrification - rinokosha basa mineralization zvipenyu zvinhu kana zvaoma, pasina mhepo yakakwana uye mwando, pfupa masero kana "akuvara" zvishoma nezvishoma akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya chicherwa yeimwe. Uye pakupedzisira, vakadzinga ibwe.

Izvi ndizvo refu kwazvo, uye kazhinji iri kukanganiswa nevamwe panyama kupindira, nekuti kusvikira zvino zvisaririra akauya zvishoma pane zvayaigona. Uyezve, vanofanira kutanga kutsvaka, uye havasi nguva dzose muchimiro yakakwana marangwanda. Dzimwe nguva paleontologists vanopedza inoverengeka chete unganidza navo zvakanaka.

The vaizotibata kupfuura nzvimbo - ichi canyons, mumipata, yekare sandstone deposits, apo Somuenzaniso, nokuda kwenyika kuparara kunoitika, uye mhuka vanoramba pasi multimeter paiva nedombo.

semastreamer

In paleontology, pane mapazi akawanda - nayo paleozoology uye paleobotany. Zvidzidzo wokutanga vertebrates uye invertebrates, uye wechipiri - miriwo vekare uye zvose zvine chokuita navo. Ivo, akavapindurawo, vanokamurwa kuramba kupinda muzvizhinji kuti zvikamu yatisingagoni kutaura paleoanthropology, izvo wakaipa madzitateguru evanhu. Saka paleontology, sayenzi zvipenyu kamwe hwaivapo hwose.