Neptune - nyika 8 panhurikidzwa kubva zuva. dzinonakidza zvinhu

Neptune - nyika, worusere kubva zuva. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, ayo muchadenga intersects ari muchadenga pamusoro Pluto. Chii puraneti Neptune? Nderake muchikwata yavaRefaimu. Hwenyeredzi chiratidzo - J.

parameters

Neptune hofori nyika inofamba vakapoteredza zuva unobereka ane elliptical muchadenga pedyo tenderera. nharaunda kureba 24.750 makiromita. Nhamba iyi ndiyo nguva zvina yakakura kupfuura Earth. Varidzi nyika kuti kutenderera mwero ndiko saka kutsanya kuti kureba kwezuva pane maawa 17.8.

The puraneti Neptune zvinobva Svondo akabvisa munenge mabhiriyoni 4,5 makiromita, saka, chiedza zvasvika chinhu mune mubvunzo zvishoma kupfuura maawa mana.

Kunyange zvazvo Zvichakadaro arambe achirema pakati Neptune zvishoma kusvika katatu kupfuura nyika (ndiyo 1,67 g / CC), ayo gobvu ndiro 17.2 nguva kwirirei. Izvi imhaka guru kukura nyika.

Peculiarities ose akafanana, mamiriro uye kurwara

Neptune uye Uranus - mapuraneti, izvo kwakavakirwa arapwa pyatnadtsatiprotsentnym magasi ane rehydrogen uye shoma nehelium. Masayendisiti kuramba kuti rwebhuruu hofori haana yakajeka zvemukati marongerwo. The Ungangove izvozvo ndechokuti mukati Neptune ari gobvu chinoumba diki saizi.

The kuitika nyika vanoumba hydrogen nehelium methane zvidiki tsvina. Neptune zvinowanzoitika dutu guru, uyezve, dzinoratidzwa eddies uye nemhepo yakasimba kwaari. Wokupedzisira furidza mune westerly divi, ayo kumhanya inogona kusvika kusvika 2200 km / h.

Zvave zvichinzi kuti velocity kuyerera uye dzinoyerera hofori mapuraneti unowedzerawo chinhambo kubva zuva. Tsanangudzo muenzaniso uyu haana kuwanikwa asi. Nemhaka mifananidzo yakatorwa uchinyanya midziyo muna Neptune muchadenga, mukana funga zvakadzama mumakore. Sezvo Saturn kana Jupiter, nyika ino ane womukati kupisa kunobva. Anokwanisa emit zvakawanda kusvikira katatu simba kupfuura anogamuchira kubva zuva pacharo.

Giant danho

Maererano zvinyorwa, Galileo akaona Neptune 28.12.1612 gore. Rwechipiri, akakwanisa kuchengeta risingazivikanwi zvomuchadenga muviri 29.01.1613 Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, masayendisiti kutora nyika kwenguva chaiyo nyeredzi, riri pachiimbwa Jupiter. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuwanikwa Neptune Galileo ari hautorwi.

Rakavakwa kuti muna 1612 kwacho nguva, nyika yakanga iri kurehwa yakamira, uye chete pazuva kana Galileo rokutanga achimuona, iye akaenda retrograde inofamba. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti panyaya apo Pasi kwayo muchadenga mberi mapuraneti wokunze. Sezvo Neptune akanga asiri kure pfungwa yakamira, kufamba kwake kwakanga simba kuti kukwanisa kuona yakasimba zvakakwana teresikopu Galileo vake.

Muna 1781, Herschel akakwanisa kuziva Uranus. Vaongorori ipapo vakaverenga parameters vayo muchadenga. Pachishandiswa mashoko aya, Herschel vakagumisa kuti kuvapo risingazivikanwi anomaly iri inofamba iri nzvimbo chinhu: zviri mberi magadzirirwo, ipapo kuramba naye. Izvi akabvumira kufunga kuti nekuda Uranus ndiye vambotaurwa, rinokweva hunokanganisa trajectory kwayo.

Muna 1843, Adams akakwanisa kuverenga muchadenga nezvedzidziso worusere nyika kuti kutsanangura zvachinja muchadenga pamusoro Uranus. Information nezvebasa ravo, masayendisiti akatuma nyanzvi mambo - George Airy .. Nenguva isipi, akasvika kwemhinduro tsamba nechikumbiro kupa zvijeke pane dzimwe nyaya. Adams akatanga kuita yokunyora nokudhirowa zvaida, asi vamwe chikonzero handina kutuma shoko uye haangazvidembi akatanga basa zvakakomba panhau.

Pakarepo kuwanikwa puraneti Neptune kwakakonzerwa kuitwa Le Verrier, Galle uye d'Aro. 09.23.1846 gore, kuva rinowanikwa mashoko pamusoro hurongwa pezvokuvamba muchadenga ari kutsvakwa chinhu, vakatanga kushanda kuti tione nzvimbo yacho chisinganzwisisike chinhu. Manheru ravo okutanga korona kubudirira. Kuwanikwa nyika Neptune panguva inonzi kuchakunda makanika yokudenga.

Kusarudza zita

Zvichitevera kuwanikwa vaRafa vakatanga kufunga chii zita kuti ape. Kusarudza yokutanga wakatangwa na Johann Galle. Aida tibhabhatidze kure nzvimbo chinhu Janus mwari, inomiririra mavambo uye kuguma yekare mungano Roman, asi zita iri akanga asina kufarira zvikuru. Zvakawanda anodziya akasangana uzodzoka Struve - mutungamiriri of Pulkovo Observatory. Shanduro yake - Neptune - uye akava okupedzisira. Basa iri pamutemo zita hofori nyika hwogumisa vakawanda kukakavadzana uye kusawirirana.

Sei pfungwa Neptune

Makore makumi matanhatu apfuura, mashoko pamusoro yebhuruu hofori zvakasiyana nhasi. Pasinei chokwadi kuti yaiva nekaupenyu anonyatsoziva sidereal uye synodic nguva yadzo dzichitenderera zuva, pamusoro kwakarerekera neequator kune orbital ndege, mashoko aiwanika, zvishoma chaizvo kunorondedzerwa. Saka, mukanyiwa wenyika Zvaifungidzirwa pa 17,26 pachinzvimbo 17.15 chaiye uye ine nharaunda - muna 3,89, 3,88 uye kwete kubva redu. Panyaya akatisiyira nguva chimurenga vakapoteredza akabatana, zvakanzi vaidavira kuti zvakanga 15 h. 8 min., Ndezvipi idukusa chaiye maminitsi makumi mashanu.

Mune dzimwe parameters dzakanga malfunctioning. Somuenzaniso, asati "Voyager 2" pedyo Neptune, kuti nepose yakanga vaifunga kuti simba remagineti yepasi ndiyo zvakafanana configuration panyika. Kutaura zvazviri, afanane chimiro vanonzi rotator zvokunamata.

A vachitova orbital resonances

Neptune anokwanisa kuchinja kure zvikuru kwaari Kuiper Belt. Ekupedzisira inomiririrwa chindori nemapuraneti duku nechando akafanana asteroid bhandi pakati Jupiter uye Mars, asi ane kukuru papi. Kuiper bhandi riri pasi chinokosha pokudzora simba rinokweva Neptune kukwezvana, zvichiguma kunyange Makwanza akaumba marongerwo.

Kutenderera zvinhu inoitiswa akati mapazi kwenguva yakareba, dzinonzi yakatarwa yokunyika resonance pamwe Neptune. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nguva ino akafanana nguva renzou.

Neptune mapazi rinokweva pakusimba rinonzi Lagrange pfungwa. Ivo nyika akabata vazhinji Trojan asteroids-zvakadai vachikweva navo yose muchadenga.

Zvakakurukurwa dzomunyika mamiriro

Panyaya iyi, akafanana Neptune uye Uranus. On muchadenga nhoroondo inenge makumi maviri muzana zvachose guru panyika pasi kukurukurwa. The pedyo chinoumba, dzakanga kumanikidza. The zvazvingava kunonyanyisa - vanenge 10 GPA. In rezasi akaturikidzana zvomumhepo vari kuwanda mvura, amoniya uye methane.

Pezvokuvamba womukati maumbirwo Neptune:

• Okumusoro makore uye mhepo.
• The chadenga chakaumbwa sehydrogen, nehelium uye methane.
• Jasi (chando methane, amoniya, mvura).
• Rock-Ice core.

Climatic unhu

Mumwe musiyano kubva Neptune Uranus ndiye mwero Meteorological basa. Maererano nemashoko vakawana kubva mudziyo "Voyager 2", mamiriro okunze ane rebhuruu hofori ari kuchinja kazhinji uye substantially.

Zvaibvira kuona chinhu chaizvo simba hurongwa madutu pamwe mhepo kuti asvike vakurumidze kunyange 600 m / s - anenge supersonic (vazhinji vavo ikarira pakutevedzera pakatarisana Neptune majana kumativi yayo akabatana).

Muna 2007, wakazvizivisa kuti rokumusoro troposphere, rwezasi danda yepasi gumi Celsius inodziya kupfuura mune dzimwe, apo tembiricha iri pamusoro -200 ° C. Musiyano uyu rakakwana methane nevamwe zvikamu rokumusoro chikamu chadenga usabuda muchadenga kumaodzanyemba danda. The zvichiguma "inopisa gwapa" ndiyo migumisiro axial rakarereka rebhuruu hofori rwezasi danda iyo makore awa makumi mana pasi akatarisa zuva. Sezvo anononoka mberi muchadenga pamusoro Neptune kune divi akati zvomuchadenga muviri rwezasi danda zvishoma kuenda zvachose tinopinda mimvuri. Saka, Neptune anozadza Sun wenyu North Pole. Somugumisiro, nzvimbo kusunungurwa methane mune nzvimbo zvinopfakanyika muchikamu ichi nyika.

"Apa" hofori

Neptune - nyika, ine, kubudikidza Data yanhasi, satellites masere. Pakati pavo, mumwe guru, nhatu svikiro mana diki. Ngatikurukurei guru nhatu.

newt

Ndicho chikuru Satellite, iro rine hofori puraneti Neptune. Chakazarurwa naWilliam Lassell muna 1846. Triton rabviswa Neptune 394 700 km kubva nharaunda iri 1600? Km. Sezvaitarisirwa, ine mhepo. By kukura chinhu riri pedyo Moon. Maererano masayendisiti, ari kubatwa zviri Neptune Triton aiva yakazvimirira nyika.

nereid

Ndicho chechipiri pakukura mwedzi yepasi pasi kukurukurwa. Paavhareji, hwabviswa kubva Neptune mamiriyoni 6.2 makiromita. Nharaunda Nereid - 100 makiromita, uye dhayamita - kaviri. Kuti mumwe chimurenga kumativi Neptune, kuti Satellite kunodiwa mazuva 360, kuti ndiye anenge ane gore Nyika. Kuwanikwa Nereid zvakaitika muna 1949.

Proteus

puraneti rino rechitatu pakukura, kwete chete ukuru asiwo kure Neptune. Hatigoni kutaura kuti Proteus ane dzimwe maitiro, asi rakanga masayendisiti ake vakasarudza kuumba-dimensional matatu muenzaniso dyidzana kwakavakirwa mifananidzo midziyo "Voyager 2".

The satellites dzasara dziri mapuraneti duku, iyo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri vari rakakura.

Zvakakurukurwa pakudzidza

Neptune - nyika iyo nokuda Sun? Rorusere. Kana uchinyatsoziva apo hofori iyi, unogona kuona here kunyange mabhainokura simba. Neptune rakanyatsojeka zvakaoma kudzidza yepasi pose muviri. Izvi pamwe nokuti kuti zvivhenekere zvishoma kupfuura rechisere zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, mumwe pamusoro satellites - Triton - ane Sheen gumi zvakaenzana magnitudes. Kuti vaone Neptune kutyaira makuru kunowedzera kunodiwa kushandisa.

Chitundumusere-musere "Voyager-2" akakwanisa kuita chinhu chakadai Neptune. Planet (ona mufananidzo munyaya) akatora muenzi panyika August 1989. Nemhaka Data unganidzwa nengarava ichi, masayendisiti ave vamwe ruzivo pamusoro ichi chisinganzwisisike chinhu.

Data kubva "Voyager"

Neptune - nyika aiva Great Dark Spot pamusoro munharaunda kwesango hemisphere. Ndiwo yakakurumbira chikamu chinhu apiwa somugumisiro wacho chitundumusere-musere. The dhayamita of gwapa iri rinenge akaenzana Earth. Mhepo Neptune anonzi wayo yakakwirira kumhanya 300 m / S ari westerly negwara.

Maererano zvaanorumbidza kubudikidza HST (Hubble Space Telescope) nokuti gore 1994, the Great Dark Spot yakanyangarika. Zvinofungirwa kuti iye kana akaparadza kana yakavharwa nezvimwe zvikamu mumhepo. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, nemhaka teresikopu "Hubble", vakakwanisa kuwana itsva gwapa, iri kare kuchamhembe hemisphere panyika. Zvichienderana ichi tinogona kugumisa kuti Neptune - nyika ane muchadenga uchikurumidza kuchinja - anofungidzirwa nokuda chiedza nokufamba tembiricha yakaderera uye yokumusoro namakore.

Nokuda "Voyager-2" vakawana kuti anotsanangurwa chinhu ane mhete. Kuvapo kwavo rwakaratidzwa 1981, apo mumwe nyeredzi kudzikatidzwa Neptune. Zvinoonekwa kubva Earth haana kuuya mugumisiro zvikuru: chete vaneta arcs pachinzvimbo maringi rakakwana kuoneka. Kubatsira "Voyager 2" vakauya zvakare. Muna 1989, kuti chikwata hwakadzama mifananidzo pazvindori zvakaitwa. Mumwe wavo ane anonakidza curved marongerwo.

Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro magnetosphere

Neptune - nyika simba rinonzi magnetic field riri nezvatinovavarira nani wavatorwa. The rinobva akabatana anopa pa 47 madhigirii kuti kutenderera akabatana. On Earth, zvingava mumatauriro kujairika unhu chinongedzo. Nokudaro, North Pole vaizopiwa iri kumaodzanyemba Moscow. Chimwe chinoshamisa ndechokuti Neptune remagineti symmetry akabatana inopfuura kwete kuburikidza payo.

Mibvunzo pasina mhinduro

- Nei mhepo Neptune zvokuti simba, nepo chiri kure kwazvo Sun? Kuti dzika pezvakaitwa zvakadaro womukati kupisa bhuku, riri kudzika puraneti hakuna simba zvakakwana.

- Sei ari panzvimbo pane kushayikwa hydrogen nehelium?

- How kuti kukura pazera chipa chirongwa zvakazara kuti riongorore Uranus uye Neptune uchishandisa chitundumusere-musere?

- Nokuda chii pezvakaitwa akaumba kujairika remagineti yepasi?

tsvakurudzo ano

Gadzira mhando yakarurama Neptune uye Uranus kuti kuona tsananguro paumbwe echando Hofori zvakaratidza kuva nyore. Kutsanangura dzidziso mbiri mapuraneti hatina kuisa mberi vakawanda hypotheses. Maererano nomumwe wavo, Hofori vose akazviratidza nokuda kusagadzikana mukati chawo protoplanetary dhisiki, uye gare gare vakanga chaizvoizvo mhepo deflated guru kirasi nyeredzi nemwaranzi B kana O.

Maererano neimwe pfungwa, Neptune uye Uranus akaumba nekaupenyu pedyo Sun, apo nyaya arambe achirema iri yepamusoro, uye akabva atamira magetsi muchadenga. pfungwa iyi rava zvikuru kwose kwose, sezvo inogona kubatsira kutsanangura anowanika resonances iri Kuiper bhandi.

zvaakacherechedza

Neptune - chii nyika kubva Sun? Rorusere. Uye hazvibviri kuona pamwe chinoabatsira. Chakarurama nokukura Zirume - pakati +7,7 uye +8,0. Saka, zviri nokuda kwenhamo kupfuura zvinhu zvizhinji yokudenga, kusanganisira zvipfupi puraneti Ceres, Jupiter vake kwemwedzi , uye vamwe asteroids. Nokuti sangano yepamusoro zvaanorumbidza yepasi kunoda teresikopu pamwe zviviri zana kuwedzera dhayamita pakati 200-250 mm. In pamberi 7x50 mabhainokura yebhuruu hofori achava kuonekwa somunhu aziya nyeredzi.

Changing chisina kutsetseka dhayamita of vaiona nzvimbo chinhu chiri mukati 2.2-2.4 masekonzi kuti chinhu chakakombama. Izvi imhaka kure guru kwazvo kubva Earth ndiyo nyika Neptune. Facts mushoma zvakanga zvakaoma pamusoro mamiriro pechiso rebhuruu vaRafa. Zvizhinji zvakachinja kubvira veMubatanidzwa nzvimbo teresikopu "Hubble" uye simba kupfuura pasi anotsanangura zviridzwa, akashongedzerwa pamwe adaptive optics.

Achicherechedza nyika redhiyo bhendi kwakaratidza kuti Neptune anomirira tsime hadzitani mugari hunhu, uyewo kuramba nemwaranzi. Zvose zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa kunoitwa kutenderera remagineti rebhuruu vaRafa. Cold pakanyorwa munzvimbo michini munzvimbo chakarondedzera pachena kuoneka kufara dzakadzikira nyika muchadenga - vanonzi dutu. Ivo kunotangira nokupisa kubva compressible core. Nemhaka Zvaanoona zvinogona kuona kukura kwavo uye kuumba zvakarurama sezvingakwanisika, uyewo chamber sangano.

Asinganzwisisiki puraneti Neptune. dzinonakidza zvinhu

- Nokuti anenge zana, zvitema ichi hofori kwainzi zvikuru kure mune Solar System. Kunyange kuwanikwa Pluto haana kuchinja kudavira ichi. Neptune - nyika chii bhiri? Wechisere, asi kwete yokupedzisira, rechipfumbamwe. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva ari nomumumvuri kubva nyeredzi yedu. Chokwadi chokuti Pluto ane elongated muchadenga kuti dzimwe nguva pedyo Sun kupfuura muchadenga pamusoro Neptune. Blue Zirume akakwanisa kusimbazve mamiriro ake sezvo nyika iri kure kwazvo. Uye kuvonga zvose yokuti Pluto yakatamira muchikwata che zvipfupi zvinhu.

- Neptune ane duku kukura pakati mana gasi hofori anozivikanwa. Equatorial nharaunda Its idukusa Uranus, Saturn uye Jupiter.

- Kana chete zvose gasi mapuraneti, Neptune hazvina paasingazonyuri. Kunyange kana chitundumusere-musere akakwanisa kuwana kwaari, haana kukwanisa kunyika. Asi, vaizove kuombekwa vanyura nyika.

- Neptune kuti giravhiti zvishoma pasi (17%). Saka, hondo kukwezvana anoita mapuraneti ose ndiwo anoita zvakafanana.

- Kuti votendeuka zuva, Neptune kunoda 165 Earth makore.

- zvitema zvakakangwa Ruvara nyika rinotsanagurwa simba kupfuura mitsetse gasi akadai methane, richipararira ari chiedza vaRafa.

mhedziso

Nokufamba nzvimbo ubanguranyika akabatanidzwa guru basa Kuwanikwa Mapuraneti. Neptune uye Pluto, uyewo zvimwe zvinhu dzakafukurwa somugumisiro basa rakaoma vanoongorora nyeredzi dzakawanda. Kazhinji kacho zvino aizivikanwa vanhu zvakasikwa - chete chiduku chikamu mufananidzo chaiwo. Space - chinhu chakavanzika zvikuru, uye zvichaita kuti kugadzirisa anopfuura rimwe remakore.