Chii Kudzidzisa? Kwouzivi enyika dzidziso

Kwouzivi enyika, dzidziso pedagogical - ichi izwi rinogona kuwanikwa muzvirevo zhinji. Asi zvisinei chipauro vaizoonekwa parutivi, nyaya huru mune mumwe: "? Chii dzidziso iyi" Ndizvo mhinduro kwayo, uye yaiva nyaya ino.

mazwi

In pfungwa "kudzidzisa" rine tsanangudzo dzakawanda. Kana tikafunga izwi kwete sechinhu chinongoitika nezivo chero chaiyo nzvimbo akasarudza (uye tsanangudzo iyi iripo, asi muchiitiko chino hakukodzeri), ipapo kuchine tsananguro inotevera kuti dzidziso yakadaro.

• Vachidzidzisa chine zvavaitenda ari dzidziso mune rimwe dzine ruzivo.
• Kudzidzisa pfungwa sezvo vazhinji chete anofunga mumunda wake waakasarudza nesayenzi.
• Vachidzidzisa kunzwisisa zvinodavirwa muchitendero chimwe chitendero (nokutenda).

Kufarira ndivo vaviri vokutanga. Ivo kazhinji chokuita kwouzivi enyika dzidziso. Funga mashoko.

The uzivi

Uzivi vane dzakavapo panguva chaipo pakukura sayenzi - muGirisi yekare uye Roma. Vazivi vekare vechiGiriki vakadai Plato, naAristotle, Socrates, uye Roman -. Cicero nevamwe, zvadzinofunga uye mafungiro yokuumba, vakawana kuti achiripo navo nhasi. Saka kuumbwa uye nedzidziso idzi pfungwa huru.

mienzaniso uzivi

Nokufamba kuwedzera kukura uzivi uye kutsvaka mhinduro kiyi mubvunzo wayo (kuuya pakutanga: mweya kana basa) unoratidza zvikuru nouzivi, izvo nokupinza kwete chete pfungwa chete munyori, asi ndezvipi dzakasvikwa mari chizvarwa nevafungi. Pfuma uye idealism, sezvo kunyanyisa maviri mhinduro huru mubvunzo, monism, agnosticism, solipsism uye kujairika Russian Space Art - mumwe wavo kunoratidzwa warwo peculiarities, uye vari chokuita wose mazita vazivi.

Asi dzidziso vekare, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva tine chaiwo Conceptual mazwi (somuenzaniso, dialectic), achiri anobva mazita vanyori - Socrates, Heraclitus, uye vamwe. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvakaita kare kuMiddle Ages, uye ichatonga zvine mbiri German pfungwa youzivi. Dzidziso chaiwo pamusoro Locke uye Hobbes, Nietzscheanism, akamiririra guru Fridriha Nitsshe. It kusvetuka kuti dzidziso yakadaro uzkonapravlen, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vavo vakava pashure muvambi waro (semuenzaniso, chiNazi vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza).

Enyika: Antiquity

Philosophy uye zvematongerwo enyika munguva yekare vaiva titsigire. Vakawanda vazivi ari nguva yakatanga yavo muenzaniso yakanaka ehurumende. History anoyeuka dzidziso hwaPlato panhaurirano chete zita ( "State"), umo iye akataura kukwana chimiro chake, chipiriso yayo mazwi. Kwete vasingazivi kuti pfungwa ye "kusununguka", "timocracy" uye vamwe "..kraty" rakauya nekuda Greece yekare. Kusiyana chaihwoihwo nouzivi kusvika pamusoro Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras uye Heraclitus, Plato kwainyanya kunyatsoteerera uye chaiwo. rozari aivawo Aristotle, unonyatsoruramisa chehurumende kune vaiona "zvakanaka" uye "zvisina kunaka." Zvisinei, kunyange rationalism kwakadaro, pane mitemo yakawanda.

In enyika: kuMiddle Ages uye Renaissance

Middle Ages rakauya evasingatombonamati zvesangano nzira, kusanganisira zvematongerwo enyika, uye kuti pfungwa rakasikwa ezvinhu. Pfungwa dzakadaro dzakanga azadzwa ose enyika nedzidziso nguva. Zvikurukuru chinokosha vaiva dzidziso Fomy Akvinskogo, uyo, nokukwereta pfungwa Aristotle, akaedza kutsanangura navo nenzira yechiKristu, uye akava nemimba pamusoro kukurumbira ichi.

Muna Renaissance zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Niccolo Machiavelli uye chikumbiro chake kunyorera ipapo (kunyange ndibatsireiwo) mutongi Florence, Lorenzo zvikuru. bhuku rake "The Emperor" rine pfungwa zvikuru inonzwisisika pamusoro simba rezvematongerwo enyika. Dzidziso Machiavelli anoisa zvematongerwo enyika pamusoro netsika. Sezvineiwo, "Mambo" richiripo yazvino uye kunyange kuchinja kuti electronic shanduro, izvo zvinoreva kuti unogona kuverenga zvose kuziva chii dzidziso Machiavelli.

In mhedziso

Sezvinogona kuoneka, tsanangudzo dzidziso sezvo yakatarwa pfungwa yacho munyori, kana mumwe munda zivo zvakafanana nemumwe, vari pedyo pedyo dyidzana uye saka correlated. Panguva imwe cheteyo, imhaka ichi nyore kuziva kuti dzidziso yakadaro.

Philosophy uye zvematongerwo enyika, asi zvino vakatengesa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana, asi chete akamira kwakatangira vamwe, nekuti masayendisiti enyika kazhinji vakabva avo vanofunga vakaratidza maonero avo, kwete chete munzvimbo ino unyanzvi.