Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (Leib Lazarevic Feldbin) NKVD of USSR: mumwe Biography

Muna 1952, akakurumbira American magazini "Upenyu" rakabudiswa nyaya, izvo zvava kutekenyedzwa chaiye. In pavo munyori, aimbova musori Soviet, uye pakazosvika nguva defector, kutizira West - Igor Konstantinovich Berg - akazivisa uchapupu pamusoro mhosva hurumende Stalin, izvo aiziva, vanoti, kubva mukati, uye wakange ane chokuita. Ndiani murume uyu, uye kuti akaita kuti kusiya nyika yake?

Youth Future Scout

zita rake chairo - Life Lazarevic Feldbin. Akaberekwa August 21, 1895 mumhuri yechiJudha vaigara mutaundi Bobruisk, Minsk province. Zvingadai akararama, haana kumbosiya upenyu hwake kuti kure kubva mumaguta kumhanya-mhanya muguta asi muna 1916, pakati peHondo Yenyika II, vakagamuchira samanisi uye rakamanikidzwa kupfeka murwi jazi. Zvisinei promorzshie pemigero vaitungamirira zvinzvimbo havana kumirira wechiduku Leyba Feldbina uyo akashanda ari shure kusvikira pakutanga February chimurenga.

Havaratidzi akatungamirira mune maelstrom enyika kufamba kuti akaparadza Russia pashure pokuwa autocracy, iye February 1917 akabatana Communist Party of United Internationalists, ndiye mumwe zvisikwa ipapo Social Democrats. Asi panhengo sangano haina kugara refu - kuva panhengo Dzvuku Army muna Civil War, akava nhengo Upenyu RCP (b).

Leo Lazarevic - mushandi of Special Department

Muchiziva kubva pauduku kuvava urombo nokunyadziswa yenyika, vanowanika nemurairo inonyatsozivikanwa of Pale pakati Settlement vaJudha, akatenda nomwoyo wake wose vaya dzakakwirira zvinangwa izvo Bolsheviks akadanidzira chinangwa chake zvematongerwo enyika. ipapo Leib aiva nemakore chete-maviri nemashanu, uye iye zvose shungu mwana vakamhanya kurwa nevaya, maererano ake Pfungwa zvifananidzo, kudziviswa kutanga mufaro nokudenga.

Muna 1920 akava mushandi ari Special Section 12 muchiuto uye akatora mugove kuonekwa uye kubviswa pakaunda-echimurenga Masangano muUkraine. Nokuti kuratidza rwisana ichi zvinoshamisa uye sangano unhu Leyba rakatevera gore akagadzwa mukuru chaiwo chinangwa chimwe. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita anochinja zita, saka kuti mune remangwana magwaro ose rwakaiswa Revh Lazarevich Nikolsky.

Stage basa uye kudzidza muMoscow

Muna 1921, bato anotungamirira Lva Lazarevicha muna Arkhangelsk, kutungamirira Secret Operations Division. Pano, pashure pfupi, iye akagadzwa musoro kuferefeta dhipatimendi mumiririri uye chiremera inonzwika apo White Guard vakuru vakanga vapiwa mukana kusiya Russia.

Zvegore, Nicholas sezvo waunotarisira mushandi uye nhengo RCP (B) anogamuchira nenhungamiro kudzidza muMoscow, apo anopedza mana akatevera somudzidzi panguva School of Law, akasikwa pachishandiswa ari Moscow University. nguva yose iyi zvidzidzo mukirasi, iye Chine basa anobatsira vatevedzere mutemo, uye pamusoro apedza kudzidza kuchanzi mushandi GPU upfumi utariri, rinotungamirirwa hama yake Zinoviy Katznelson.

Service dzimwe njere

Career Scout Lva Lazarevicha akatanga muna 1926, pamwe anyorese mamiriro dzimwe nyika dhipatimendi OGPU. Specificity basa ramangwana vakamumanikidza kuramba achirarama pasi vaifungidzira zita. Kubva zvino, zvikamira zvinyorwa: Orlov Aleksandr Mikhailovich. Vaimbove okutanga nookupedzisira zita vakanga chete pakavanda folders HR.

Kuva akadzidziswa uye zvakakwana pakuva mitauro inoverengeka yokumwe, izvozvo anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana munyika Europe uye America zhinji. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo akatungamirira Makondo kushanda zvakananga Kimom Filbi - munhu mukuru mukuru British njere basa ne Soviet njere masangano. Nokuda Orlov rose richikurukura nevamiririri akasikwa vakamupoteredza, kushanda Soviet Union. Iri raiva rakakurumbira "Cambridge boka", iro akapinda nhoroondo nyika yenjere.

Spanish goridhe

Muna 1936 hwatsvuka ari Spanish Civil War, uye Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich akatumirwa ikoko kubatsira hurumende Republican sezvo nyanzvi mune munyika vakachengeteka uye counterintelligence. Pano, pamwe nekupinda yake yakanga sowakajeka akagadzirira uye akaita oparesheni kuti kuchinjwa Soviet Union, chikuru chikamu ndarama kuchengeterwa wokuSpain, semubairo waitova kuti matani 510 zvinokosha simbi, chinoita kusvika 73% vose vapiwe Spanish State Bank muMoscow safes. Akashanda sezvo iye mabasa akawanda nemamwe kuti akapa NKVD.

chisarudzo zvakaoma

Muna 1936, Stalin anopa riwedzere kuti muitiro kwakatungamirira mumwe pazvakanga nguva nhoroondo Soviet uye chinozivikanwa Kutya Great. The nyika mumakore iwayo, sefungu vakawanda repressions kutambudza ruzhinji akakura hakuna nzira vanhu vasina mhosva. Naivowo akabata pamusoro enyika uye zvehondo utungamiri. havaoni zhinji uye vakamborwa of Cheka zvakabviswa kubva zvavo zvamatanda, uye gare gare akasungwa akaurayiwa pachena mhosva dzenhema. Pakati pavo paiva nevazhinji, iyo yakatanga basa rake Orlov.

Alexander ainyatsoziva kuti pakupedzisira riri kumirira zvinoitirwa. Kusimbisa chivimbo ichi uye vakawanda wongororo muMoscow kuti vamiriri kushanda kwose. Vakagamuchira murayiro kuuya bhizimisi, uye vakasungwa pamwe chete nemhuri dzavo panguva murwere ari ndege chaipo. Muna February 1938, Orlov pakupedzisira dzakasarudza kutyora nehurumende, hurumende raakanga vaiona mhosva uye kukuisa aurayiwe kwaari uye nemhuri yake.

kutiza

Panguva ino, pasi inoshamisa chaizvo ezvinhu akafa zvisingatarisirwi nokukurumidza pevane Orlov, mukuru vatorwa dhipatimendi NKVD, Abramu Slutsky, uye nzvimbo yake vakagadzwa S. M. Shpigelglas. February 17 Alexander akarairwa kusangana naye mungarava Soviet "Svir" chikepe pavakasvika Antwerp. Zvisinei, akanga chikonzero chiri chose chokudavira kuti, kukwira masitepisi, iye vachabatwa.

Pamusangano pamwe webasa rake idzva, haana kuzviratidza. Asi, akatora mudzimai wake uye mwanasikana, uye pamwe chete makumi matanhatu zviuru zvamadhora kubva Corporate Fund, Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich muchivande vakaenda France, ndokuzoenda kuburikidza Canada kuUnited States. MuSoviet Union ainge achine hama. Kuvadzivirira kubva zvichibvira zvaisarudza nokuda akapukunyuka, Makondo akatumira tsamba kuna NKVD. Mairi, akanyevera kuti kana sei vanhu pedyo naye, iye acharipa vatorwa mabasa mashoko pamusoro vasori Soviet kushanda munyika dzakasiyana.

Zviremera 'achipindura

kutyisidzira ichi Orlov akakwanisa kuwana musha wavo chete, izvo chaizvoizvo haana kubata kuitira kudzivisa kutadza yakapikirwa, asi vatungamiriri vakawanda njere vakatambura kubva akapukunyuka. Pakati pavo paiva Jacob Serebryansky, uyo akashanda se mukuru chaiwo basa simba uye anotungamira basa gumi vanogara akawanda nechokumadokero inoti. Akasungwa pamwe nomudzimai wake uye sarudzo dare vakatongerwa rufu. Nokuti kujeka kwezvikonzero matongero akanga asina kupiwa kuurayiwa, uye vaviri akanga zvakare ari kusununguka, asi zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti vakanga atsungirira.

Materials rakabudiswa Orlov

Kurarama America pasi nezita Igor Konstantinovich Berg, Orlov yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi "Life" nyaya, izvo kare ataurwa pamusoro. Mavari, akarondedzera muudzame mhosva utongi hwechiKomonisiti, chapupu uye ane zvaakaitawo kumanikidzwa pazviri munguva basa iri NKVD. A nzvimbo guru rino wakapiwa uye basa Stalin mu zvikanganiso, kwamaitira muSoviet Union.

Gare gare zvinhu izvi dzakaisirwa mubhuku rakabudiswa muna New York muna 1953 uye mumitauro yakawanda. Zviri mukati kunge dzinoshandiswa nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda vasati bhuku rayo muRussia muna 1991. Mukutanga sixties, yakabudiswa rimwe bhuku Orlov, rakagadzirirwa zvikuru vamwe denderedzwa vaverengi - umo nekubvimirana wake remagandanga muhondo uye masangano basa yemabhuku-ungwaru.

belated kukoka

Nepo America, Orlov aiva nechikonzero chokutya kutsiva Moscow zviremera yakakura kupfuura dzimwe defectors Soviet, nokuti aiziva zvakawanda zvakavanzika pakavanda mabasa avo. Kurarama kwemakore pasi vaifungidzira zita, uye kunyatsoongorora ndakavanza kero yake, aichimbova musori yakaramba dzisingambosvikiki kuna NKVD uye gare gare KGB.

Chete nepakati sixties, Soviet mumiririri Mikhail Feaktistovu akakwanisa kumisa ake kwaunenge. Zvisinei, nguva yachinja, uye mashoko kuwanikwa Orlov, varasikirwa kushanda kwayo, saka upenyu hwake ndiye atova haanyanyi richikwidibira. Ipapo Feaktistov Orlov akashanyira vaviri uye mumaoko kukoka Soviet Hurumende kuti adzokere kumusha. Ivo avimbiswa rusununguko, Alexander Ivanovich inewo kudzokera muchiuto chevatatu zvose zvinhu izvozvo mibayiro.

Orlov akaramba. Vaiva kare pasi makumi manomwe, kuzodzosera kutanga upenyu munyika ivo vachibva zvakafanira vatorwa kwemakore, vakwegura havadi. Alexander chete akabvunza kuti kupa mamiriro vatungamiriri venyika kuti, pasinei dzakawanda Kubvunzurudzwa, kuti FBI haana kuwana iye chinhu ruzivo pamusoro vamiririri 'network, akasikwa aine ake kupindura. Orlov akati Aisagona uchatengesera vaya vaivimba naye zvizere, uye vakashumira pfungwa yakafanana, kuti yaakanga kamwe kuyemurwa.

Pashure pokufa kwake musi March 25, 1977, pasina venhaka, yeUnited mutongi akarayirwa kuti asimbise uye kuti Archive magwaro ose wemufi, kusanganisira zvinyorwa zviri netsamba. Vakanga vakaramba imomo kusvikira 1999, uye chete pashure kuti aigona kuva pachena.