Nyoka dzakanakisisa dzeHondo Yenyika II: ChiGerman neSoviet

Iyo yakanakisisa nyoka dzeHondo Yenyika II. German, Soviet, Miseve yeFinnish yakabata basa rinokosha pane nguva yehondo. Uye muchirongwa ichi, kuedza kuchaitwa kuti tifunge nezveavo akave akabudirira zvikuru.

The emergence of sniper art

Kutanga nekubuda kwezvombo zvevanhu muhondo, izvo zvakapa mukana wekurova muvengi pamakwikwi makuru, masoja akatanga kusarudza mazita. Pakupedzisira, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotanga kuumbwa kubva kwavari. Somugumisiro, rudzi rwakasiyana rwechiedza rwevana rwakatangwa. Mabasa makuru ayo mauto akaagamuchira aisanganisira kuparadzwa kwemahofisi emauto evengi, pamwe nekuderedza kwemuvengi panguva yekudhura kwechiratidzo chokupfura pane kure kure. Nokuda kweizvi, varimi vakanga vakashonga nhumbi dzinokosha.

Mukati rezana remakore reXIX kwaiva nekugadzirisa kwezvombo. Yakashandurwa, maererano, uye maitiro. Izvi zvakarongedzwa nechitarisiko chekuona kwemaziso. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yekutanga, snipers vaiva chikamu cheboka rakasiyana remasabata. Chinangwa chavo chaiva kukurumidza nekukunda kukunda simba remavengi. Pakutanga kwehondo, snipers dzainyanya kushandiswa nemaGermany. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, zvikoro zvakatanga kuonekwa kune dzimwe nyika. Mune mamiriro ekurwisana kwenguva refu iyi "basa" rave rakanyanya kuda.

Finnish Snipers

Mune nguva kubva muna1939 kusvika muna 1940, miseve yeFinland yakanzi ndiyo yakanakisisa. Vadzidzisi veHondo Yenyika II vakadzidza zvakawanda nokuda kwavo. Vafambi veFinnish vainzi "cuckoo". Chikonzero cheizvi ndechokuti vakashandisa "miti" yakasiyana mumiti. Izvi zvaive zvakasiyana nezveFinns, kunyange miti yakashandiswa nekuda kweizvi munenge nyika dzose.

Saka ndivanaani chaivo vanonyanya kukurumidza kuitika muHondo Yenyika II? Chinozivikanwa zvikuru "cuckoo" chakaonekwa seSimo Hayhe. Ainzi zita re "rufu chena". Nhamba yekuurayiwa kwakagadziridzwa kwakaitwa naye kwakapfuura chiratidzo chemazana mazana mashanu emasero e Red Army. Mune mamwe mabhuku, nhamba dzake dzakanga dzakaenzana nema 700. Akakuvadzwa zvakakomba. Asi Simo akakwanisa kupora. Akafa muna 2002.

Propaganda yakashandisa chikamu chayo

Nyoka dzakanakisisa dzeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, iyo yekubudirira kwayo, dzakashandiswa zvakasimba mu propaganda. Kazhinji zvakaitika kuti humwe hwevanhu vaipfura vakatanga kutora nhoroondo.

Dhavhidha anozivikanwa muimba Vasily Zaytsev akakwanisa kuparadza vanenge vanenge mauto makumi maviri. Ichi chiratidzo chinowanzoenderana nevapfuri vanobudirira vehondo iyoyo. Asi nekuda kweshoko rekuparidzira iye akaitwa mukurumbira wainzi Red Army sniper. Parizvino, vanyori venhau dzakazara vanokakavadzana nekuvapo kweMajoko Koenig, muvengi weZaZivv muStalingrad. Izvo zvakakosha zvakakosha zvebhadhadzi yepamba zvinosanganisira kukurudzirwa kwepurogiramu yekudzidzira yevanopisa. Iye pachake akatora chikamu mukugadzirira kwavo. Mukuwedzera, akaumba chikoro chakakwana-chechi. Vadzidzi vake vainzi "maraga".

Miseve inoshanda zvikuru

Ndivanaani, ivo vanonyanya kukunda veHondo Yenyika II? Mazita evapfuri vanobudirira zvikuru anofanira kuzivikanwa. Mikhail Surkov ari munzvimbo yekutanga. Vakaparadza vanenge 702 mauto emuvengi. Kumutevera pane zvakanyorwa ndeyeIvan Sidorov. Akaparadza mauto mazana mashanu. Panzvimbo yechitatu ndiNikolai Ilyin. Vakaurayiwa 497 varwi vomuvengi. Ane chiratidzo che 489 akaurawa, Ivan Kulbertinov akamutevera.

Nyoka dzakanakisisa dzeUnited World War II dzakanga dzisiri varume chete. Mumakore iwayo, vakadzi vakabatana neboka re Red Army. Vamwe vavo gare gare vakava vashandi vanobudirira. Vanenge 12 000 mauto evengi vakaurayiwa nevakadzi veSoviet. Uye iyo yakabudirira zvikuru yaiva Lyudmila Pavlichenkova, pane nhoroondo yekuti pane 309 mauto akaurayiwa.

Iyo yakanakisisa nyoka dzeUSSR muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, iyo yakanga yakawanda kwazvo, ine nhoroondo yavo nhamba yakawanda yepfuti inoshanda. Inenge mishanu miseve yakaparadzwa kupfuura mazana masere. 25 snipers vakauraya varwi vanopfuura 300 vomuvengi. 36 Vanopfura vakaparadzwa nevanopfuura 200 veJalimane.

Nezvevengi mucheche ruzivo zvishoma

Dhiyabhorosi pamusoro pe "vashandi pamwe chete" kubva kune rutivi rwevavengi haisi zvakawanda. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti hakuna munhu akaedza kuzvirumbidza pamusoro pemabasa ake. Nokudaro, maGermany anonyanya kupfura muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri mumazita uye mazita anenge asingazivikanwi. Ichokwadi kuti isu tinogona kungotaura chete nezvevaya vanocherechedza avo vakapa zvipupuriro zvesimbi zve Knight. Zvakaitika muna 1945. Mumwe wavo aiva Frederick Payne. Vanenge mazana maviri mauto emhandu vakaurawa navo. Yakawanda kwazvo, zvichida, yaiva Matias Hetzenauer. Panenge mazana 345 masoja akaurawa navo. Uyu sniper wechitatu, uyo akapiwa Mutemo, ainzi Josef Ollerberg. Akasiya mhemberero umo maive nezvakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro pemabasa evaridzi veGermany munguva yehondo. Iyo sniper pachake yakauraya anenge 257 masoja.

Sniper kutya

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti muNormandy muna 1944 kubhururuka kwevakabatana veAngland neAmerica kwakaitika. Uye yakanga iri munzvimbo ino iyo yakanakisisa nyoka dzeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yaiva panguva iyoyo. Vatongi veGermany vakauraya mauto akawanda. Uye kubudirira kwavo kwakasimudzirwa nenharaunda, iyo yakanga yakazara nemasango. Vanyori nevaAmerica muNormandy vakatarisana chaizvo nekunzwa kupisa. Izvo chete shure kweizvozvo masangano eAllied akafunga nezvekugadzirira kwevapfuri vapfumi, avo vanogona kushanda nemaziso ekuona. Zvisinei, hondo yave yatouya kusvika pakuguma. Nokudaro, snipers veAmerica neEngland havana kukwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa.

Nokudaro, chiFinnish "cuckoo" pane imwe nguva vakadzidzisa chidzidzo chakanaka. Vachivonga ivo muBlack Army, avo vakanakisa zvikuru veHondo Yenyika Yechipiri vakapfuura basa rechiuto.

Vakadzi vairwisana nevevarume

Kubvira panguva yekare, yakave iyo nyaya yokuti varume vari kurwisana muhondo. Zvisinei, muna 1941, apo maGermany akarwisa nyika yedu, vanhu vose vakatanga kuridzivirira. Vachibata zvombo mumaoko avo, pavanenge vari pamashini emichina uye pamatafura evanhu, Soviet vanhu-varume, vakadzi, varume vakuru nevana-vakarwa ne fascism. Uye ivo vakakwanisa kukunda.

Muzvinyorwa kune zvakawanda zvakawanda pamusoro pevakadzi vakagamuchira mibairo yehondo. Uye avo vakanakisa vanoita hondo pakati pavo vakanga varipo zvakare. Vasikana vedu vakakwanisa kuparadza varwi vanopfuura 12 000. Vatanhatu vavo vakagamuchira musoro mukuru weHerod of the Soviet Union. Uye musikana mumwe akazova chizere chakakwana cheMutungamiriri wevarwi weKubwinya.

Nhangamato Musikana

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, vanenge 309 masoja akaparadzwa nemukurumbira wainzi Lyudmila Pavlichenkova. Pakati pavo, 36 vaiva vapfuri vevavengi. Mune mamwe mazwi, iye chete ndiye aikwanisa kuparadza anenge nehondo yose. Maererano nekushandisa kwake, firimu ine musoro unonzi "Battle for Sevastopol" yakapfurwa. Pamberi, musikana wacho akasiyira achizvidira muna 1941. Akatora chikamu mukudzivirira kweSevastopol neOdessa.

MunaJune 1942, musikana uyu akakuvadzwa. Mushure meizvozvo, haana kutora chikamu mumatambudziko zvakare. Vakakuvadzwa Lyudmila vakatorwa kubva munhandare naAlexxei Kitsenko, maakazovada. Vakasarudza kuisa mushumo pamusoro pekunyorwa kwechato. Zvisinei, mufaro uyu hauna nguva refu. Muna Mbudzi 1942 mutungamiriri wacho akakuvadzwa zvakakomba ndokufa pamaoko omudzimai wake.

Mugore iroro iro Lyudmila akabatana nevakuru veSoviet vechiduku ndokubva asiya kuAmerica. Ikoko akaita manzwiro chaiwo. Mushure mokudzoka, Lyudmila akazova murayiridzi muchikoro chevachengeti. Pasi peutungamiri varo, gumi nevaviri vakarovedza zvakanaka vakadzidziswa. Pano ivo vaiva - ivo vakanakisisa vanoita seSUSR muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri.

Kusika kwechikoro chinokosha

Zvimwe zvakaitika kuna Lyudmila zvakashanda senzira iyo hutungamiri hwehurumende hwakatanga kudzidzisa vasikana mune zvombo zviduku. Kunyanya, mafundo akaumbwa pamusoro apo vasikana vasina nzira yakaderera kune varume. Gare gare, idzi dzidzo dzakasarudzwa kuti dzigadziriswe zvakare kuCentral Women's School of Sniper Training. Mune dzimwe nyika varume chete vaiva nyoka. MuHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, vasikana vakanga vasina kudzidziswa izvi unyanzvi. Uye chete muSoviet Union vakanzwisisa chiziviso ichi uye vakarwisana nepakati nevanhu.

Icho chiito chakashata pamusoro pevasikana kubva kuvavengi

Mukuwedzera kune pfuti, foshoro yakasera uye binoculars, vakadzi vakatora grenades navo. Chimwe chaiva chemuvengi, uye chimwe chacho chakanga chiri chomuvengi. Munhu wose aiziva kuti mauto eGermany aibata zvisina kunaka neinyoka. Muna 1944, maNazi akakwanisa kutora nyika yeruzhinji Tatiana Baramzin. Apo varwi vedu vakaiwana, vaigona kungoona chete nevhudzi ravo uye yunifomu. Masoja emuvengi akauraya muviri nemiseve yavo, akacheka mazamu avo, uye akasvinudza maziso avo. Mukati mudumbu vakanamatira bayonet. Mukuwedzera, maNazi pachikwata-chisina kumira yakafura musikana kubva pfuti ye anti-tank. Kubva muna 1885 vakapedza kudzidza kuchikoro cheva snipers vasati vambokunda vaisagona kurarama vanenge vasikana 185. Vakaedza kuvanunura, havana kuvarasa pamabasa akaoma zvikuru. Asi zvakadaro mairi ekuonekwa kwemaziso muzuva aigara achipa vapfuri, izvo zvino zvakawanikwa nevarwi vevengi.

Nguva bedzi ndiyo yakachinja mafungiro kune vakadzi-miseve

Vasikana - ndiyo yakanakisisa nyoka dzeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, mifananidzo yezvinhu zvinogona kuonekwa mukugadziriswa uku, pane imwe nguva yakava nekutyisa. Uye pavakadzokera kumusha, dzimwe nguva vaisangana nokuzvidzwa. Kuzvidemba kwangu kukuru, maonero chaiwo akaumbwa kumashure kune vasikana. Vazhinji vavo vakanga vasina kururamisirwa kunzi vakadzi vanofamba. Nokudaro maziso anotyisa, ayo akapiwa kuvasikana vechikadzi.

Kwemazuva mazhinji havana kuudza munhu kuti vakanga vari muhondo. Vakavanza mibayiro yavo. Uye shure kwemakore makumi maviri chete mafungiro avo kwavari akatanga kuchinja. Uye kwaiva panguva ino apo vasikana vakatanga kuzarura ivo pachavo, vachitaura pamusoro pemabasa avo akawanda.

Mhedziso

Muchirongwa ichi, kuedza kwakagadzirwa kurondedzera avo vanopinza avo vakave vakanyatsobudirira panguva yose iyo Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri ichiri kuenderera mberi. Kune zvakawanda zvavo. Asi zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti haisi miseve yose inozivikanwa. Vamwe vakaedza kuparadzira zvishomanana pamusoro pemabasa avo.