Hondo yeCrecy yakaitika rini?

Hondo yakakurumbira yeKrecy yakaitika muna 1346. Yakanga iri hondo yekutanga yekutanga kweMakore Makore Makuru pakati peFrance neEngland.

Zvinotarisirwa

Muna 1337, Chirungu King Edward III akataura zvaaiti ku chigaro cheFrance. Akagadzirira nzendo huru uye akaedza kutora Paris. Mushandirapamwe wake wokutanga wakaitwa muFlanders, nzvimbo iri muBelgium yemazuva ano. Hondo yeBritain yakakundikana kupinda muFrance. Izvi zvaive zvichikonzerwa nedambudziko rezvemari ramambo, uyewo kubudirira kwake kwekukurukurirana.

Makore mashomanana gare gare, Edward III akafunga kuita chimwe chiedza. Panguva ino hondo yake yakauya muNormandy. Hondo yakatungamirirwa namambo iyeye uye mwanakomana wake wedangwe Edward the Black Prince, uyo akatora zita reChirungu cheWales. Pamusoro weuto reFrance waiva mutongi wechiFrench Firipi VI wemhuri yeValois. Vakanga vari vatungamiri-in-chief avo vairwisana nomumwe muNormandy. Pakuguma kwekugadzirira ikoko kwaiva Hondo yeCrecy.

Kuuya kweChirungu muNormandy

Zvose zhizha ra1346 Edward akaedza kutsamwisa hondo yakawanda. Firipi akanga asina chikonzero uye kazhinji akadzoka panguva yakaoma zvikuru. Nokuda kweiyo nzira, vaBritish vakatotora nyika yose yeNormandy uye vakatyisidzira kuchamhembe kweFrance, kusanganisira Paris.

Pakupedzisira, musi waAugust 26 Edward III akatora nzvimbo yegomo riri pedyo neguta reCrecy muPidardy. Uchenjeri hweBritain hauna kukanganisa mutungamiriri-mukuru. VaScott vakashuma kuti mambo weFrance aizorwisa kuBrithani inodedera. Ne mwedzi wega wega mutsva wehondo muFrance, dambudziko rezvemari raiwedzera kuonekwa. Mukuwedzera, mapurisa ekuchamhembe akapambwa neuto revavengi, iro raidya kubva kuvanhu vemo.

Kubvira panguva iyo Edward akapinda muNormandy, akarasikirwa nechegumi chevarwi vake. Mumazuva ehondo iyo pasi peutungamiri hwake yaiva anenge mazana nemazana nemauto. Yakanga iri simba rinotyisa. Alfred Berne akanyora pamusoro peBritish mauto emufananidzo iwoyo. "Hondo yeCrecy" - rimwe remabhuku ake echizivikanwi anozivikanwa zvikuru muMiddle Ages.

Kuvaka mauto

I-avant-garde yakatungamirirwa nekodzero wenhaka, Black Prince. Zvikamu zvaro zvakanga zviri kurudyi. Icho chivako chaive chechigarire chehondo yekare. Akanga achitsigirwa nevatungamiriri vehondo vane ruzivo - Earl weOxford uye Earl weWarwick. Rutivi rworudyi rwakanga rwuri padutu duku, rakakwirira kumusoro kwevamwe veBritish hondo.

Muzhinji, hondo yose yakanga yakamira pamatope, ichipinda mumupata une rukova. Rear-guard yaiva kuruboshwe rworuboshwe. Akatungamirirwa nemutungamiri wemauto anozivikanwa Earl weNorthampton. Mukati mushure mechikwata chekudzivirirwa chakanga chiri chekuchengetedzwa kwemauto. Aya maumbirwo aiva pasi pekutungamirirwa kwakakwana kwaMambo Edward III. Iyo guyo, imire pedyo, yaibatsira sechitarisiko chekucherechedza.

Hondo yaEdward

Zvinonakidza kuti mambo weChirungu akasarudza kuti Hondo yeCrecy inofanira kunge iri netsoka yetsoka. Zuva rakapfuura, uto reChirungu rakanga rakatumira mabhiza aro ose kupinda mumagetsi. Akanga ari mumvura yakadzika uye akanga akanyatsochengetedzwa neve reserve squad. Edward akaita sarudzo iyi pamusoro pezano reCount Northampton. Uyu mutungamiriri wemauto aida kushandisa chiitiko chake chekare chakabudirira chekufamba hondo muHondo yeMorla, yakaitika makore akawanda zvisati zvaitika.

Basa rinokosha muuto ra Edward rakaverengwa nevapfuri vemiseve. Vakanga vambove varatidza nzvimbo dzaive dzakagadzirirwa masango akakodzera kuchengetwa kwemiseve nekudzorera uta. Munguva yehondo, mutambi wega wega akabudisa mishonga 30-40 mumaminitsi mashomanana. Sezvo vaBrithani vaive vokutanga kutora nzvimbo dzavo, vakakwanisa kubata chiitiko chezvechiuto uye kugadzirira nzira yekutaura kweFrance.

Kukundikana kweFrance kuchenjera

Imwe hondo inokosha kuCrete yakanga iri yekuchenjera kweFrance kusingatarisirwi zvachose. Muna 1346, yaive yakaderera kune vashori veChirungu, avo vaigara vachizviratidza zvishoma zvishoma mberi. Pakutanga Firipi akaenda kundotora hondo yevavengi nenzira isiri iyo. Apo vatsva vakazoziva kukanganisa kwavo, kutaura kwevaFrance kwainge kwatotanga kutenderera kwemakiromita akawanda. Nokukurumidza mambo akakwanisa kudzorera chirango ndokuenda nenzira yakarurama, asi kufamba kwakashata kunomutengera nguva inokosha, iyo yakazokonzera kugadzirira hondo.

Hondo yeCrecy muna 1346 yakanga iri muedzo wakaoma wehondo yakasiyana yeFrance, iyo inogona kugoverwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Munekutanga aiva Genoese mercenaries uye wevarindi vamambo. Nhamba yeuto iri iyi yaiva 6 000 vanhu. Mumazuva ehondo yaive iye uyo akadzivirira nguva dzekurwiswa kweBritain panguva yekutenderera pamwe chete, saka aive akaoma.

Vatorwa vokune dzimwe nyika

Kuvapo kweGenesis hakushamisi - vazhinji vatorwa vakarwa naFiripi IV. Pakanga pane madzimambo pakati pavo. Somuenzaniso, Bohemian King John weLuxembourg. Akange akwegura (nemazana ezviuru zvekare) uye mapofu, asi akazosvika pakununura shamwari yake yakareba, uyo aifanira kurwisana neBritish kupindira. Mukuwedzera, mumakore akapfuura, John akapedza nguva yakawanda mudare reFrance. Uyewo muuto raFiripi aiva nemauto akawanda eGermany uye mashomanana maduku ehurumende dzeGermany nedzimwe machinda maduku.

Musha weFrance. Chengeta

Pakupedzisira, chikamu chechitatu cheuto reFrance chaiva mhirizhonga dzevanhu. Vagari vomumisha vanofarira kupindura kwemahofisi ekurwisana nechisimba chekunze kune dzimwe nyika. Kunyange zvazvo makore emazana emakore hondo dzisina kumbobvira dzichinyatsotsanangurwa hunhu hwenyika, iyi nyaya ndeyezvimwe chete. Vagari vemunyika vaifungidzira zvakaipa zvehondo. Vazhinji vavo vaiva muuto kwekutanga.

Nemhaka yekushaiwa kwezvakabva panguva iyoyo, vatsvakurudzi havangagoni kugona kuwanda kwemauto eFiripi. Semuenzaniso, vanyori vezvinyorwa zveChirungu vakatotaura nezvechiratidzo chevanhu vane zviuru zana. Zvisinei, data dzakadaro zvakaoma kutenda. Bato rinokunda rinowanzowedzera maitiro aro. Asi chimwe chinhu ndechechokwadi: Hondo yeFrance yaive yakawanda kaviri yakawanda seuto reChirungu (vanenge 30 000 vanhu). Ichi chikamu chakapa Firipi chivimbo mumano ake. Zvisinei, kwete, sezvakanga zvarongwa namambo, Hondo yeCrecy yakaguma. Uyo anokunda akambomirira kwaari pazvinzvimbo zvakanyatsogadzirirwa ...

Kusiyana musangano

Musi waAugust 26, 1346 nenguva yegumi nemaviri hondo yeFrance yakasvika pamupata weMeie. Hondo yakaratidzwa nevarindi paguyo. Nhau dzekukurumidza dzakaudzwa kuna Edward III. Hondo yeChirungu yakabva yangotora nzvimbo. Vashandi, vashandi, vapfuri vemiseve - ivo vose vainyatsotevedzera mufananidzo kune rumwe rutivi rwomupata. Ikoko mauto eFrance akanga achivaka.

Kunyangwe Hondo yeCrecy (1346) isati yatanga, vaBritish vakaziva kuti vaine ruzivo rwakashata. Icho chaiva nekurangwa. Hondo yeBritain yakarovedzwa yakasarudzwa kwenguva yakareba isati yava pazvikepe zvinotungamirira kuNormandy. Yese mirairo ya Edward uye Black Prince yakaurayiwa nokukurumidza sezvazvaikwanisika zvachose.

Panguva imwecheteyo, hondo yeFrance yakanga isingagoni kuzvirumbidza nekudzidziswa kwakadai uye kurangwa. Dambudziko raiva rekuti mapurisa, masimba emadzimambo uye vatorwa vedzimwe nyika vakanga vasinganzwisisi zvakanaka. Mitsara iyi yakanga iri kukwira kune vavakidzani. Mune mapoka eFrench, kunyange kusati kwatanga hondo, pakanga paine kuvhiringidzika uye kuvhiringidzika, izvo zvaioneka kuBritish.

Kutanga kusatarisirwe kutanga kwehondo

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Firipi zvakare akaunza huchenjeri. Akanga asina kuzivikanwa pamusoro penzvimbo chaiyo yeuto revavengi. Mambo wacho, kwete kure neCrecy, akanga asiri kuenda kuhondo musi iwoyo. Paakaona kuti boka revavengi rakanga riri makiromita mashoma kubva kure, aifanira kutumira boka rekukurumidzira remauto, iro rakabvunzwa mubvunzo pakarepo: kuenda kana kuti kwete kuenda kune zvakaipa pazuva rimwe chete?

Vazhinji vepamusoro vakuru veFrance vakanga vachida kurongedza hondo kusvikira mangwanani akatevera. Ichi chisarudzo chaiva chinonzwisisika - zvisati zvaitika kuti hondo yakanga iri mumugwagwa zuva rose uye yakanga yakaneta nehurongwa. Masoja aida kuzorora. Firipiwo akanga asiri kuenda kupi zvako. Akabvumirana nedare remakurukota uye akarayira kuti amire.

Zvisinei, pano chinhu chevanhu chakange chine nzvimbo yaro, nekuda kweiyo Hondo yeCrecy yakatanga. Muchidimbu, avo vanonyanya kushamwaridzana neFrench, vachiona kuwanda kwavo kwenhamba, vakasarudza kurwisa muvengi iwo manheru iwayo. Vaive vokutanga kumhanyira mune zvakaipa. Kuvakwa kwehondo kwaiva kwakadai kuti pamberi pemakambani aiva Genoese mercenaries. Vaifanirawo kuenda mberi kuti varege kurohwa nevashamwari vavo vasina hanya. Nokudaro yakatanga Hondo yeCrecy. Vadzvinyiriri uye anokunda vakasarudza kuti zvaizoitika mangwanani chete, asi mufambiro wakawanda weimwe chikamu cheFrance chakakurumidza kuparidzira.

Kukunda kweFrance

Kurasikirwa kwekutanga kwakakomba kweuto kwakatsigirwa mushure mokunge mupfuri aitika pakati pevashandi veChirungu neveItalybowbowmen avo vakashumira Firipi. Mugumisiro waro wakanga wakanzwisisika. VaBrithani vakanyanyisa zvakanyanya kupfuura muvengi nekuda kwehurefu hwemiseve refu. Mukuwedzera, hondo isati yasvika, mvura yeGenoese yakanga yakanyorovesa, iyo yakaita kuti isakwane kushandisa.

Hondo yeCrecy yakaitika munguva yekuzvarwa kwezvombo. Shanduro dzeChirungu dzakagadzira mapapiro akawanda mumutungamiri weFrance. Zvombo zvenyukireya zvakanga zvisati zvatakurwa-pfuti dzaitakura mazambiringa. Chero zvazvingava, kunyange iyo nzira yekare yaityisa chikamu chemauto eFrance.

Varwi vakatevera vateveri. Nyeredzi dzaFiripi dzaifanira kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvepanyama, kusanganisira kukwira kwakakura, pamusoro pazvo kwaiva maBritish. VaFrance vakatora zvinopfuura 16 kurwisa ropa. Hapana kana mumwe wavo akambobudirira.

Kurasika kwaive kwakakura. Vakanga vachifungidzirwa makumi makumi ezviuru zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Firipi pachake akakuvadzwa. Saka akakundikana kwaari muna 1346 gore. Hondo yeCrecy yakatsigira kubatsirwa kweBritish. Iye zvino Edward anogona kupfuurira mberi kwekushandira kwake kuchamhembe kweFrance. Akaenda kunhare inokosha yegungwa reCalais.

Zvikonzero zvekukunda kweBritish

Chigumisiro chehondo yacho chaityisa vaFrance. Saka nei chiChirungu chakakunda? Iwe unogona kuumba zvikonzero zvishomanana zvichazopedzisira zvichitungamirira kune imwe. Pakati pehondo mbiri dzevavengi yakaisa hurukuro yakadzika mugadziri. VaChirungu vakanga vakanyatsodzidziswa, vakashonga uye vaiziva zvavakanga vari. Vakarwisana kune imwe nyika, shure kwavo kwaingova gungwa chete, izvo zvaireva kuti vakanga vasina chavanogona kurasikirwa nacho.

Hondo yeFrance yaiva nemasoja akarovedzwa, uyewo mamasitoriya, akabatwa kubva kunyika dzakasiyana. Iri bhora guru revanhu rakanga rakazara nekupesana uye kukakavadzana kwemukati. Vane mavhinga havana kuvimba neGeneo, varimi vaishushikana nemadzishe emapurisa. Zvose izvi ndizvo zvikonzero zvekushaya simba kwaMambo Philip IV.

Migumisiro

Vanhu vazhinji vakatora Hondo yeCrecy. Zuva rehondo racho rakava zuva rokuchema kweFrance rose. Muhondo, shamwari yaFiripi yakaurawa naMambo weBohemia, John weLuxembourg. Hondo iyi yakaratidza kubudirira kwemiseve refu, iyo yakashandiswa neBritish. Ichi chitsva chechimbo chakashandura zvachose tactical sayenzi yeMiddle Ages. Gore ra1346 rakava chirevo chezvinhu izvi zvose. Hondo yeCrecy yakanga iriwo hondo yokutanga, umo mabhodhi aive akashandiswa zvikuru.

Kubudirira muhondo kwakabvumira Edward kuti atore nyika yose yekuchamhembe kweFrance pasina chipingamupinyi. Nenguva isipi akapoteredza gomba rinokosha reCalais. Mushure mokuputsika, kwakonzerwa nehosha yehosha, uto reChirungu kakawanda rakapwanya French. Muna 1360, danho rokutanga reMakore Makuru Hondo yakapera. Somugumisiro, korona yeChirungu yakapiwa Normandy, Calais, Brittany naAcitaine - inopfuura hafu yeFrance. Asi izvi hazvina kupedza hondo yemakore zana. Hondo yeCrecy yaiva imwe chete yezviitiko zvakawanda zvekudeura ropa kudarika kwenguva refu muEurope yekare.