Zvombo zveHondo Yenyika II. 2 Hondo Yenyika: zvombo, matangi

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma uye chakakosha kune nhoroondo yevanhu vose yaiva Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Zvombo izvo zvakashandiswa muhondo iyi yeupenzi ye 63 yenyika 74 dzakange dziripo nenguva iyoyo, dzakati mazana emamiriyoni ehupenyu hwevanhu.

Cold steel

Akaunza 2 Zvombo zveHondo Yenyika Dzose dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinovimbisa: kubva pfuti shoma shoma kusvika kuisa jet moto - "Katyusha." Zvizhinji zviduku, zvombo, ndege dzakasiyana-siyana, zvombo zvehondo, matangi akavandudzwa mumakore aya.

Zvombo zvinotonhora zveHondo Yenyika II zvakashandiswa pakurwa-pedyo-ruoko uye semubairo. Yakanga yakamirirwa ne: nenyuchi uye mabhenon-shaped-shaped, izvo zvakapiwa nemapfuti nemotokari; Hondo dzemapanga emarudzi akasiyana; Cortex kune nyika yakakwirira uye mabhiza; Vatambi vanofamba-famba nevatasvi vemabhiza epamusoro uye faira; Naval officers 'broadswords; Mipanga yepakutanga yekukunda, mahara uye sabers.

Zvombo zviduku

Maoko mashomanana eHondo Yenyika II akashanda basa rinokosha zvikuru, sezvo rakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwevanhu. Kubva pane zvombo zveumwe neumwe zvairemekedza zvose zvehondo yacho pachayo uye migumisiro yaro.

Zvombo zviduku zveUSSR 2 Hondo Yenyika II muhurongwa hwezvombo zve Red Army yakamiririrwa nemhando dzinotevera: nguva yega-tafura (revolvers uye pisitori vevarindi), mapoka ega (tsvina, kuzvitakura uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa pfuti nemapfuti, nekuda kwevarwi), zvombo zvekudzivirira (kunyanya kuzvidzora kana mapepa emagazini ), Munhu oga oga anokwanisa kushandisa meeri (machine pistols), pamwe chete zvombo zvezvikwata uye zvikamu zvemapoka akasiyana-siyana emauto (mishonga yepfuti) X zvidzidzo (zvigwagwagwa, akatasva rutsigiro easel), Anti-ndege moto maoko (muchina-pfuti nezvigwagwagwa Anti-ndege uye zvigwagwagwa makuru caliber), tangi moto maoko (tangi pfuti).

Shanduko dzakanyanya zvikuru dzeSoviet

ISoviet Army yakashandisa zvombo zviduku zvakadai sepfuti yakakurumbira uye inokosha inofanirwa nemuenzaniso we 1891/30 (Mosina), kuzvidzora pfuti SVT-40 (FV Tokarev), zvinongomhanya АВС-36 (SG Simonov), automatic pistol- Mashini-pfuti PPD-40 (VA Degtyarev), PPSh-41 (GS Shpagin), PPS-43 (AI Sudaeva), pistol aina TT (FV Tokarev), DP manual machine gun A. Degtyarev, mazino), pfuti yemuchina weDhhK (VA Degtyarev-GS Shpagin), mumiririri wemagetsi weSG-43 (PM Goryunova), varwi vematangi PTRD (VA Degtyarev) uye PTRS (SG Simonov). Nhamba yakakosha yechimbo chakashandiswa ndi 7.62 mm. Zvose izvi zvinyorwa zvakanyanyogadzirwa nevanogadzira vashandi veSoviet, vakabatana muzvigadzirwa zvemahofisi emahofisi (mahofisi emahofisi) nekuunza kukunda kwepedyo.

Mupiro wakakosha kune nzira yekukunda yakatambiswa nemaoko mashoma akadaro eHondo Yenyika II semagetsi-pfuti. Nokuda kwekushayikwa kwezvombo zvekuzvigadzirisa pakutanga kwehondo, mamiriro asina kunaka akakunda yeSoviet Union kumativi ese. Zvaive zvakakodzera kukurumidza kusimbisa rudzi urwu rwezvombo. Mumwedzi yekutanga yekubudiswa kwayo yakawedzera zvikuru.

Mishonga mitsva nemagetsi

Muna 1941, mutsara wepasi rose wePPSh-41 wakagamuchirwa. Akapfuura PPD-40 neanopfuura 70% mukururamisa kwemoto, yakanga iri nyore pane imwe shanduro uye yaiva nehutano hwakanaka huno. Kunyange zvakasiyana zvikuru ndeyePPS-43. Shanduro yake shoma yakabvumira musoja kuti awedzere kushandiswa mukurwa. Yakashandiswa kune tankmen, signalmen, scouts. Inyanzvi yekugadzirwa kwepfuti yakadai sepmachine gun yaive yakakwirira kwazvo. Kuita kuti zvive zvishoma zvesirivha zvakashandiswa uye zvinenge zvitatu zvishoma kudarika zvakafanana zvakabudiswa kare nePPSh-41.

Kushandisa pfuti huru yemapuraneti DShK nebhoti rinoputira zvombo rakabvumira kukanganisa kwemotokari uye nengarava. Mushonga wepfuti SG-43 pamushini wakabvisa kuvimba kwekuwanikwa kwezvidziviriro zvemvura, sezvo zvaiva nemhepo inozorodza.

Kukuvadza kwakakura kumatangi eziso kwakakonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvimedu zvepfuti PTRD nePTRS. Zvechokwadi, nerubatsiro rwavo, hondo yakakunda pedyo neMoscow.

Zvakaitwa navaJalimane

Zvombo zveGermany zveHondo Yenyika II zvinomiririrwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana. IJalimane Wehrmacht yakashandisa pistoti yemhando iyo: Mauser C96 - 1895, Mauser HSc - 1935-1936., Mauser M 1910., Sauer 38H - 1938, Walther P38 - 1938, Walther PP - 1929. Kufanana kwepistori kwakachinja : 5.6; 6.35; 7.65 uye 9.0 mm. Izvo zvakanga zvisingakanganisi.

Mipfuti yakashandiswa zvose zvinokwana 7.92 mm marudzi: Mauser 98k - 1935, Gewehr 41 - 1941, FG - 42 - 1942, Gewehr 43 - 1943, StG 44 - 1943, StG 45 (M ) - 1944, Volkssturmgewehr 1-5 - kuguma kwa1944.

Mhando dzemhando dzepfuti: MG-08 - 1908, MG-13 - 1926, MG-15 - 1927, MG-34 - 1934, MG42 - 1941. Vakashandisa zvipembenene zvinokwana 7.92 mm.

Sub-machine gun, iyo inonzi German "Schmeisser", yakabudisa zvinotevera kugadziriswa: MP 18 - 1917, MP 28 - 1928, MP35 - 1932, MP 38/40 - 1938, MP-3008 - 1945 . Vaiva vose 9 mm caliber. Uyezve, mauto eGermany akashandisa nhamba yakawanda yekutorwa zviduku zviduku zvavakagara nhaka kubva mauto ehurumende dzeEurope.

Zvombo zviri mumaoko emauto eAmerica

Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvakakosha zveAmerica pakutanga kwehondo yaiva nhamba yakakwana yezvombo zvekushandisa. IU.S. panguva yekuputika kwemhirizhonga yaiva imwe yenyika shomanana munyika iyo inenge yakasunungura zvachose vana vavo vanoita zvekudzivirira nekuzvidzivirira zvombo. Vakashandisa pfuti "Big" M-1, "Johnson" M1941, "Grand" M1D, mabhazi M1, M1F1, M2, "Smith Wesson" M1940. Kune dzimwe mhando dzepfuti, 22 mm detachable M7 grenade launcher yakashandiswa. Kushandiswa kwaro kwakakura zvikuru kupisa moto uye kurwisa zvigadziri zvezvombo.

VaAmerica vakashandisa Thompson's submachine gun, Kusimudzira, United Defense M42, M3 Gasi gun. Kusimudza kwakapiwa neKweretesa-Kambani muUSSR. VaBritain vakanga vakashonga nemichina: Sten, Austen, Lanchester Mk.1.
Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti makonduru eBrithani Albion aiwanzofananidza mutauro weGermany MP28 paaiita Lanchester Mk.1 pmachine gun, asi Australian Austen yakakwereta urongwa kubva kuMP40.

Zvipembenene

Zvombo zveHondo Yenyika II pakurwa hondo zvakamiririrwa nemichina yakakurumbira: IItaly "Berreta", yeBelgium "Browning", yeSpain Astra-Unceta, American Johnson, Winchester, Springfield, Shona English-Lanchester, iyo isingakanganwiki "Maxim", Soviet PPSh neTT.

Artillery. The famous "Katyusha"

Mukuvandudzirwa kwezvombo zvombo zvemazuva iwayo, danho guru raiva nekusimudzirwa nekushandiswa kwe rocket launchers.

Basa reSoviet BM-13 jet artillery kurwisa imomo muhondo yakawanda. Anozivikanwa nevanhu vose nezita rezita rokuti "Katyusha". Zvisungo zvaro (RS-132) mune imwe nyaya zvishoma zvinogona kuparadza kwete chete simba revengi reupenyu uye teknolojia, asi, zvinonyanya kukosha, uye kuderedza mweya wayo. I-projectiles yakaiswa pamagariro emakwenzi akadaro seSoviet ZIS-6 neAmerica, inotengeswa neLend-Rental, yose-drive drive Studebaker BS6.

Nzvimbo yekutanga yakaiswa muna June 1941 pamuti "Comintern" muVeronezh. Vhiri yavo yakarova maGerman musi waJuly 14 wegore rimwechete pasi peOrsha. Mumaminitsi mashomanana chete, achibudisa kurira kunotyisa nekukanda kunze utsi nemarimi, majeketi akakurumidza kuenda kune muvengi. Dutu remhepo rinopisa zvachose rakamedza zvitima zvevavengi pachiteshi che Orsha.

Kubudirira uye kusikwa kwezvombo zvinouraya zvakabatanidzwa neReactive Scientific Research Institute (RNII). Ndivo vashandi vake - II Gvay, AS Popov, VN Galkovsky nevamwe - isu tinosungirwa kunamatira kune kusikwa kwechishamiso chakadaro chemidziyo yehondo. Munguva yemakore, hondo dzinopfuura 10 000 dzakasikwa.

German "Vanyusha"

Hondo yeuto reGermany zvakare yakanga ine zvombo zvakafanana - 15 cm Nb jet mortar. W41 (Nebelwerfer), kana kuti "Vanyusha" chete. Yaiva chimbo chekururamisa kwazvo. Yaiva nehope yakawanda ye projectiles pamusoro penharaunda yakakanganiswa. Kuedza kugadzirisa matope kana kubudisa chimwe chinhu chakafanana ne "Katyusha" haana kuwana nguva yekupedzisa nekuda kwekukundwa kwemauto eGermany.

Matangi

Muhukomba hwahwo hwose uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaratidzwa isu zvombo zviviri zvehondo zvepasi-tangi.

Matangi anonyanyozivikanwa eHondo Yenyika II aiva: Soviet guru-scale tank hero T-34, rechiGermany "menagerie" - matangi ane simba T-VI "Tiger" uye midzi PzKpfw V "Panther", matanki emiddle American midziyo Sherman, M3 Li, Iyo yeJapan inotasva tangi "Mizu Senya 2602" ("Ka-Mi"), chiedza cheChirungu chechiedza Mk III "Valentine", yavo chaiyo tangi "Churchill", nezvimwewo.

"Churchill" inozivikanwa nokuda kwekugoverwa neRend-Lease muUSSR. Nhumbi dzake dzokurwa nadzo dzeBrithani dzakauya nemugumisiro wokuderedzwa kwekugadzira kusvika 152 mm. Ari muhondo, akanga asingabatsiri zvachose.

Basa remauto emvura munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri

Muzvirongwa zvevaNazi muna 1941, pakanga pane mheni inokonzera tank wedges pamasangano eSoviet mauto uye zvakakwana zvakapoteredza. Yaiva iyo inonzi "blitzkrieg" - "mheni yehondo". Nheyo yebasa rose rinonyangadza revaGermany muna 1941 raive mauto ehondo.

Kuparadzwa kweTanviet tanks nenzira yekufambisa ndege uye kwenguva refu mhirizhonga pakutanga kwehondo zvakatotungamirira kukundwa kweUSSR. Simba guru rakadaro pamusoro penzira yehondo yakanga ine nhamba inofanirwa yematangi.

Imwe yehondo dzakakurumbira dzehondo dzeHondo Yenyika II - Hondo yeProkhorovka, yakaitika muna July 1943. Basa rakatevera rinoparadza mauto eSoviet kubva muna 1943 kusvika muna 1945 rakaratidza simba remauto edu eti tangi uye kukwanisa kuita tactically kurwa. Ikoko kwakanga kune maonero ekuti nzira dzinoshandiswa neve fascists pakutanga kwehondo (izvi zvinokonzerwa nemauto ematangi pamakakatani ezvidzidzo zvevavengi) iye zvino yava chinhu chinokosha cheSoviet combat tactics. Kurwiswa kwakadaro nemapurisa uye mapoka ematangi zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka kwazvo muKiev Offensive Operation, neByelorussian neLvov-Sandomierz, Iasi-Kishenevo, Baltic, Berlin inoparadza mauto kuJalimane uye muManchurian pamusoro peJapan.

Nhoroondo dzeSoviet

Matangi - zvombo zveHondo Yenyika II, izvo zvakaratidza nyika zvizere nzira itsva dzehondo.

Muhondo dzakawanda iyo yakananga yeSoviet mizinga t-34, gare gare T-34-85, inorema KV-1 gare gare KV-85, IS-1 uye IS-2, pamwe chete nemakamuri anozvidzivirira SU-85 uye SU-152 .

Izvo zvakagadzirirwa T-34 zvinoshamisa zvakaratidzwa mumakore ekutanga makumi mana ekukwirira kukuru mukugadzira matanho enyika. Iri tangi raibatanidza zvombo zvine simba, zvombo uye kufamba kwepamusoro. Pakazara, munguva yemakore, vakagadzira zvinenge zviuru makumi mashanu zvimedu. Iyi motokari dzemotokari dzakabatanidzwa muhondo dzose.

Mukupindura kwekubuda kwemauto eGermany ematangi ane simba zvikuru T-VI "Tiger" uye TV "Panther" muna 1943 yakasikwa tangi yeSoviet T-34-85. Simba-kupfura ganda rake - ZIS-S-53 ne 1000 m punched armor "Panthers" uye nemamita 500 - "Tiger".

Nechivimbo, matangi ane simba IS-2 uye mazvikwata anozvidzivirira SU-152 akarwisana ne "Tigers" uye "Panthers" kubva pakupera kwa1943. Kubvira pa1500 m I-2-tangi yakarova zvombo zvepamberi zve "Panther" (110 mm) uye yakarova zvinyorwa zvayo. Shells SU-152 inogona kupedza shongwe kubva kumaJeremane heavyweights.

II-2 tangi yakagamuchira zita remvura yakasimba zvikuru yeHondo Yenyika II.

Aviation uye Navy

Imwe yemapuraneti akanaka kwazvo panguva iyoyo ndiyo yeGermany diving bomber Junkers Ju 87 Stuka, iyo isingakanganwiki "nhare yakabhururuka" B-17, iyo "ndege yeSoviet inobhururuka" IL-2, vanozivikanwa varwi vaLa-7 uye Yak-3 (USSR), Spitfire "(England)," North America P-51 "" Mustang "(USA) uye" Messerschmitt Bf 109 "(Germany).

Nzira dzepamusoro dzehondo dzehondo dzakasiyana-siyana panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri dzaiva: Japanese "Yamato" uye "Musashi", Shona "Nelson", American "Iowa", ChiGermany "Tirpitz", French "Richelieu" uye chiItaly "Littorio".

Arms race. Lethal Zvombo zveMasa Kuparadza

Zvombo zveHondo Yenyika II zvakarova nyika nesimba ravo uye utsinye. Izvo zvakabvumira kuparadza zvisingatauri nhamba yakawanda yevanhu, zvigadzirwa nemagadziro ehondo, kuparadza maguta ose kubva kune zviso zvepasi.

Hondo Yenyika II yakaunza zvombo zvinoparadza marudzi akasiyana-siyana. Kunyanya kuuraya kwemakore anouya yaiva zvombo zvenyukireya.

Nharo dzemaoko, kupesana nguva dzose mumakakatanwa, kupindira kwevane simba munhau dzevamwe - izvi zvose zvinogona kukonzera hondo itsva yekutonga kwenyika.