Nyemeri (mercuric chloride) chloride: kugadzirira, nzvimbo uye kushandiswa

Haisi chakavhiringidzika kuti mercury zvinokonzerwa zvakanyanya uye zvine chepfu. MuU.S., vanorambidzwa kuti vashandiswe mune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvezvizoro, uye muCanada zvinosanganiswa mune urongwa hwezvinhu zvinotyisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakemikari emakemikari ekugadzirwa kwependi, fungicides, plastiki, pamwe chete nemishonga uye inyanzvi. Mumwe wevamiririri vekirasi iyi yezvinhu zvinonzi mercuric chloride (II), iyo inonyatsozivikanwa pasi pezita rechipiri-sulema. Ngatimboongororai kubatana uku nekunyatsotsanangurwa.

Fomu uye zvinhu

Mercuric chloride 2-valent inosarudzwa HgCl ₂ . Ichi chikamu chichena chekristalline powder. Pachishambiso che 277 ° C inotanga kusungunuka, uye pa30 ° C inopisa. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana (25 ° C), huwandu hwayo hunokwana 5.43 g / cm ³ . Mafuta emakirini anotsvaga nyore nyore, anosiyana nenzira inonzwisisika. Iyo inokonzerwa ne mercury mumvura inowanzoenderana nekupisa kwayo. Nokudaro, pa20 ° C chiyero ichi chinokwana 6.6% chete, asi zvakakosha kuunza mvura kumota (100 ° C) uye inosvika 58.3%. Mukuwedzera, mercury chloride inokwanisa kuparara mu ether, acid, pyridine; Muchigadziriswa cheNaCl, urongwa uhu hunoenderana nekuumbwa kwemakemikari akaoma. Sezvo electrolyte HgCl _{2 inenge} isina simba. Mumasikati, kunyanya kana yakaiswa kune zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu, ichi chinotapudzwa nyore nyore kuva monovalent chloride Hg ₂ Cl ₂ (calomel) uye metallic mercury.

Kugamuchira

Mune zvakawanda, mercury (II) chloride ikozvino inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekuratidzwa zvakananga kubva kune mercury uye chlorine. Nzira yechipiri yekuwana mercury ndeyokuputsa HgO mu concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). Mukuita, inoshandiswa kudarika kakawanda, kunyanya mukati yebazi re laboratory. Muchiitiko chekutanga, mercury inopisa mu chlorine mumhepo kune yakanyanya kutonhora (anenge 340 ° C), mushure mokunge inopisa uye ichipisa kuti iite bluish white flame. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemhepo inopisa sezvo inotonhora pasi uye, zvichienderana nekanyaya yekugadzira, inoumba pfupa yakaisvonaka kana zvidimbu zvakasimba.

Kushanda

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti mercury chloride ndiyo yekutanga yakagadzirwa neHg, iyo yakashandiswa semushonga wepirisapine uye kusaporesa ropa. Munyaya iyi, mercuric chloride inobatsira kwazvo, asi panguva imwechete inonyanyisa. Iyo inokwanisa kukonzera kuburikidza neganda uye mucous membrane uye kuunganidza mumuviri womunhu. Pamberi, apo vanhu vakanga vasati vaziva nezvenjodzi ye mercury chloride, vakashandisa iyo kurapa zvirwere zveganda. Iye zvino mukurapa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nokuda kwekusaporeka kwezvokupfeka, machira, zvinhu zvekuyamwisa, nezvimwewo. Sezvo ichi chinhu chiri chemuchetura, zvinogadziriswa zvinowanzove zvakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti zvisakanganiswe zvisiri izvo nemimwe mishonga.

Mumakambani, mercury chloride inoshandiswa mu electroforming, yekuchengetedza huni, yehutu hwemagetsi uye bronzing. Sulema inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwemabhatiri, inoronga zvemvura iri pasi pemakona emidziyo yegungwa. Iyo inoshandiswa pakuchenesa ganda, mu lithography, kupikisa, kufanana nechipembenene, nezvimwewo.