Numismatics: zvenhaka uye Roman mari

Passion nokuti numismatics kwakakurumbira chaizvo mazuva ano. Vateresi mudane siyana zvikonzero nyota yavo nemari vekare: zviri munhoroondo kukosha kwavo, uye zvomunguva yakapfuura nokuti kare, uye hope risingazivikanwi pfuma uduku. vanhu vakadaro vari kufarira mari dzekare, nokuti achengetere mufananidzo kwete chete wevatongi, asi eras yose, zviitiko zvikuru, uye kusiyana-siyana avo mikuru.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Mari zvakatanga kugadzirwa China neIndia pakutanga ari XII remakore. BC. e. Asi turnover ari mari asingadi kuenda mhiri kunyika idzi. Zvikuru paya vaGiriki vakatanga chemindi masirivha. Uye vakatanga kuchinjana uye kutengesa vakashandisa motokari, kutanga kurova kuMiddle East, uye kubva ipapo kupararira panguva Nyika dzakapoteredza.

Ichi mari gadziriro iri vakaramba uye zvakare. Coins hweRoma chakatsiva Greek, akashanda muenzaniso chisikwa kwavo. In kwayo ichatonga zvine mbiri Ancient Rome aiva muenzaniso chemhando budiriro. With pokuwa vanhu vake vakamirira regression, t. To. The kubudirira vakawanda kukanganwika kwemazana emakore. The yakareba mari vaRoma vekare vaiva mwero mari hurongwa zvinhu mu Europe uye Asia, uyewo avo vamutangira, akaita nevaGiriki.

mari yekare

In rakamanikana Mupfungwa, muchikwata ichi zvinosanganisira chete Banknotes Ancient Rome. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti hazvisi. Zvinosanganisira mari zvose marudzi ekare, kusanganisira Persian, Israeli (Jewish) uye Byzantine. Banknotes rekare nguva vakanga yakagadzirwa kubva zvinokosha nesimbi: yendarira, nendarira, sirivha nendarama. Material novimba kukosha mari, nokuti ndezvipi mutengo wayo kwavari. Kutonga uku kuchengetwa nguva dzose uye iripo nhasi. Mari Roman Ancient yakashongedzwa zvisimbiso anotonga mambo. Yakanga kurema garandi, mari kugadzirira nayo. Antique Mari vari zvikuru siyana, sezvo Banknotes itsva yakapiwa mumwe Zvakazoitwa kuchinja mutongi.

Bronze ndarira mari

The mari Tsika yekare Rome rinokosha vairidza nesimbi akadai yendarira nendarira (usingachashandi. Aurihalk). Imhaka kwavo uye yakagadzirwa mari. mari yokutanga yakaitwa yendarira. Her uremu panguva iyoyo yakanga chakayerwa Ounces. Yakanga Ace zvemhangura ane uremu iri Ounces sezvinongoitawo 12 (340g). Mari vaiva duku uye zvakanaka:

• Semis - 170 Gr.
• Triens - 113 Gr.
• Kvadrans - 85 Gr.
• Sekstans - 56 Gr.
• Paaunzi uye mugove Ounces, rairema azvaitwa zita.

Ipapo akazviratidza aurihalk simbi (endarira) - anodhura pane yendarira, imwe chiwanikwa yemhangura uye zinc. Kubva ichi yekare muRoma yakagadzirwa mari akadai sesterce (27.28 g.), Dupondius (13.64 g.) Nembongoro (54.59 g.).

Gold uye sirivha

Silver yakagadzirwa deniers, victoriatus, uye quinarius sestertii. Remasangano pavo sezvadziri (dhinari) pachikero vanenge 5 magiramu, uye duku - zvishoma kupfuura imwe giremu. Somugumisiro ari kuchinja 217 BC. e. dzavo neb uremu. Gold aureus dzakasikwa, uye mushure kuchinja Constantine I akapinda kushandiswa solidi, Semis uye triens (mazita akarongwa achiburuka pachidanho Rating).

Nhasi, zvinofungirwa kuti chikuru chairema coinage yekare yaiva Unis, kana nekobiri. Saka, mukati hurongwa Aeginian yakagadzirwa staters sirivha (12-14,5 g) uye madrakema (yekare Roman kwakadaro mari yesirivha yairema, kufanana hafu Unis), uye kuMireto fokeyskoy uye Persian - goridhe. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Banknotes nendarira kana mhangura, sezvo akaverenga nokuda muzvikamu izvi. Tsika iyi yakanga kunyanya kupararira mune nguva Aleksandra Makedonskogo.

chitsotsi

Pane mhando mbiri handicrafts. Chikamu counterfeiters vakaita panguva, nepo vamwe vari makopi ano. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura chechipiri, achangogara vanorasikirwa ukoshi nhasi. Pane nzira dzakawanda dziripo kuzvidzora yokuedzwa:

1. Kuziva yakaderera-unhu fakes zvakakwana kutarisa pamufananidzo chokuudzwa. Zvino nyepera mari yeRoma akaitira revashanyi vagari vanhuwo, vanoziva chinhu pamusoro numismatics. Saka, zvakafanana epakutanga nani vasingakoshi.
2. Achienzanisa Data ari Directory inogona kuremedzwa uye akayera ukoshi. Kana zviratidzo hazvina asunungurwa mukati yakati kukosha, mhedziso iri pachena.
3. Munguva dzevaRoma mari haina kukanda uye yakagadzirwa. Saka akaita pamusoro ano midziyo mari anogona kugara anokudzwa.
4. Kana mari aripo exfoliation nezvimedu panyika - zviri zvechokwadi. Tichifambira izvi hazvibviri. It kunokonzerwa pezviri ngura tsvina.
5. Pamberi chitambi chipenye rinotaurawo nyasha verifiable Somuenzaniso.
6. Mari Ancient Roman anogona kuongororwa pamaikirosikopu. Panguva yakakwirira magnification achava kuonekwa pamusoro ngura hunhu ligatures iyoyo.
7. Tichienzanisa remavambo nzira yakanakisisa anofananidza anodhinda wayo zviduku zvakawanda.
8. Spectral ongororo kuchabatsira kuona Zvinoumba mharidzo uye ligatures. Kana migumisiro kuongorora Somuenzaniso mibvunzo uye zvechokwadi ndiwo chete, zvinogona vakagumisa kuti mari ndezvaJehovha iyoyo.

Chokwadika, vasingazivi vanhu asingarambiki kusiyanisa Kunyepa. Panyaya iyi, zvakanaka mhinduro iri kuenda ane ruzivo numismatist.