The gasi Mapaipi "Blue Stream": zvinonakidza zvinhu

"Blue Stream" - ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose mhiri kweGungwa Dema gasi Mapaipi, kuburikidza icho mafuta ari kusvitsa kubva kuRussia Turkey. It rakavakwa maererano Dutch bazi OOO "Gazprom" BV uye Italian "Eni" uye vakava operative muna 2005. Part of Mapaipi ari Turkish ndima dzinodzorwa vemunzvimbo simba kambani BOTAS. Aidzorwa vasara Russian Federation. The chikuru Chinangwa "Blue Stream" - kuti Siyanisai hurukuro Russian gasi kuna Turkey, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda kunyika rechitatu.

History chokusika

Preparation chirongwa of gasi Mapaipi rakatanga muna 1997. Muna December, Russia uye Turkey dzakasaina ane neIntergovernmental chibvumirano pamusoro pakuvaka romumhenderekedzo yegungwa gwara. Panguva iyoyowo, "Gazprom" akabvuma kambani BOTAS vanenge makumi maviri navashanu nechibvumirano nerubatsiro mafuta. Muna February 1999, mumwe gwaro akanga yakasainwa pakati wokuRussia uye rokuItari divi, uyewo Dutch Bazi rakavambwa.

Kuvaka "Blue Stream" yakaitwa muna 2001-2002. Offshore chikamu rakavakwa maererano Italian kambani Saipem, uye kuRussia nyika - "Stroytransgaz". "Blue Stream" vakatanga kushanda muna February 2003. Zvisinei, nokuda kunetsana pakati Russia uye Turkey pamusoro mutengo mafuta panguva yebasa yokutanga mhemberero imwe gasi metering chiteshi Darusu vakapfuura September 17, 2005 chete. Rakanga wakapindwa President Russian Vladimir Putin, vashumiri chikuru kweTurkey uye Italy.

Technical zvechadenga gasi Mapaipi

"Blue Stream" akatanga kushanda panguva zvizere tichikwanisa muna 2010. Its throughput vanokwanisa ndiyo mabhiriyoni 16 cubic metres. The zvachose Kureba "Blue Stream" - 1213 makiromita. The Russian Chikamu anotanga Izobilnoye gasi chirimwa pedyo Stavropol uye inoguma muna Krasnodar mudunhu. pamwero Large chakaita kuti Turkey - 444? km. The siyana pombi anoshandiswa pamwe dzakasiyana dhayamita: Nyika mugove - 1400 millimeters, gomo - 12000, Guinea - 610. The kumanikidzwa kunosvika 25 MPa. "Blue Stream" Mapaipi ichaongororwa zvakadzamisisa munyika. It Anomhanyira 2,2 makiromita pazasi pasi pamwero.

Muna 2014, Turkey uye Russia asvika chibvumirano okurera inogona bhiriyoni 3 cubic metres. Uyewo, dzokororo peturu mitengo yakanga yaitwa.

Mari uye wokutanga chinetso

"Blue Stream" - iri chinzvimbo chaizvo chirongwa. kukura kwake chaiko yakatanga muna 1987, apo Turkey akatanga kupinza mafuta kubva USSR. Pakutanga, mari yakanga bhiriyoni 0.5 cubic metres, nhasi yakura muna 34 nguva. Chivako ichi - ichi inzira chaizvo chinzvimbo chirongwa. Matambudziko akatanga ari wokutanga danho, saka yakatangwa aine kunonoka kwemakore matatu. The zvachose mari kuvaka Mapaipi vakasvika mabhiriyoni 3.2 US emadhora. Akaripira anorenda kubudikidza Turkish uye Russian divi. Pamasikiro pemvura chikamu US $ 1,7 billion yave apedza.

Pakarepo shure kushanda gasi Mapaipi, ari Turkish divi akataura kuti hazvina agadzirira kutora kwazvo huni kwakadaro. Kudzivirira kukundikana chacho, wokuRussia Federation akaderedza mutengo uye vakasarudza kucheka zvokuyamura. Asi gakava iri hazvina kugumira ipapo. Muna 2004, Vladimir Putin aifanira kupindira uye kunyange kuderedza mutengo kusvika padanho vazvo pamusoro Bulgarian nzira.

The Mapaipi "Blue Stream 2"

The chirongwa yakagadzirwa itsva yakatanga wakatangwa muna 2002. President Russian Vladimir Putin uye Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan akakurukura kuvakwa mutsetse wechipiri kuwedzera aripo Mapaipi uchishandisa kubatana Samsun-Keyhen uye mapazi South-Eastern Europe. Development chirongwa kwawedzera pashure mutongo kunyika shanu kutanga kuvaka "Nabucco". Zvisinei, munguva pfupi zvakava hurukuro wokukudza chirongwa pasi zita "South Stream". The Mapaipi itsva kuti batanidza zvakananga kuBulgaria uye Russia. Asi zvino chando nokuda kuwedzera ukama naye Ukraine.

Muna 2009, Vladimir Putin, sezvo wehurumende aronga mugwagwa iyo anofambisa akaererana "Blue Stream" pasi kweGungwa Dema, uye akapfuurira norwendo rwake achibva Samsun kuti Keyhen. Kubva ipapo aigona kutakura negasi kuSiriya, Libya, Israeri uye Cyprus. To musi, chirongwa ichi inyaya kumberi maonero chete, chero chinzvimbo chake inogadziridza asi.

Kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza

Kuvaka "Blue Stream" kwave chokuita pamwero mukuru okutsutsumwa envayrontamentalistov. Asi havana kuchikosha kukanganisa kwacho, sezvo mukuru Environmental Impact kupima akaratidza zvishomanana kwaari pakukuvadza. Construction mberi, chirongwa kanda yakaratidza kuti pakanga pasina zvakakomba zvikonzero nehanya. Asi nokufungidzira izvi zvose vari pamakakatanwa, nekuti zvose mapato vanofarira chaizvo kwayo kushanda. Uyezve, bvunzo zvose akaita zvikurukuru Russia, iro "Blue Stream" ndiyo inokosha kukosha, kunyanya pashure ane exacerbation ukama dzaro kuUkraine uye muchando "Southern rukova". Kunyange zvazvo kuna kutyorwa pachena pamusoro American divi vaisapemberera vakakundikana kupindira.

mamiriro

The gasi Mapaipi "Blue Stream" - basa izvo zvinofanira kuva hwaro inokosha pamwe pakati Russia uye Turkey ari simba uye zvifambiso sectors. Huripo dzaifanoiswa mutsetse achipfuura Ukraine, Moldova, Romania uye Bulgaria. Nepanyika zvifambiso chinotsva kunoita zvakawanda izvozvo zvinodhura, mave dzakawanda zvichemo pamusoro kuba ake rinoti, munharaunda yaakanga akamhanya.

Asi kubva pakutanga kushanda "Blue Stream" chirongwa zvave nematambudziko, kusanganisira Russia. Sezvinoratidzwa nemashoko miedzo kwakaita Accounting Chamber, rokuItari kambani yaingoda nepolagayuschimisya zvinobatsira yake. Izvi, Chokwadi, zvakonzera kuvadza hurumende bhajeti. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti muna 2003 chete yairema US $ 1 billion.

Zvinetso uye Inofadza

Russian rokutanga musimboti kunosanganisira rokuvaka gasi Mapaipi pasi Sea Black. Mumwe mutemo zvinangwa wakasiyiwa redunhu "Blue Stream", pakava nokudiwa kukunda vakwikwidzi rokutakura gasi kuna Europe. Munyika iyo yose Kurwa - ndiye Turkey. "Blue Stream" rinonyatsotarira munharaunda yayo, uyewo inotevera chirongwa. Atova November 1999, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan uye Georgia dzakasaina ane neIntergovernmental chibvumirano musi Trans-reCaspian nzira. Pashure pemwedzi mishomanana pabasa iri kuti chikwata yokutungamirira makambani Genaral Electric uye Royal Dutch Shell. Asi kukakavadzana akasimuka, saka pakuvaka yakaturikwa pakati mapato.

To musi, pasinei kutsoropodzwa kubva kuUnited States, "Blue Stream" raiva nzira dzinokosha kukosha, uye Europe kuvimba Russian gasi iri mira.