Nhoroondo yeguta reOmsk: zuva rekutanga, nzvimbo, nzvimbo yezvombo, migwagwa

Omsk ndiro rechisere guta guru munyika yedu. Icho chinhu chikuru chekufambisa nenzira iyo nzira dzekutakura dzinotarisana ne Irtysh River uye Transsib kupfuura. Nezvakanyanya kufarira nhoroondo yeguta reOmsk, kunyanya sezvo nzira dzekutanga dzekugara kwevanhu munharaunda yake dzakadzokera kumusi wechitanhatu chemakore BC.

Geographical location

Omsk iri kumaodzanyemba kweWest Siberian Plain, pamusangano weOm River mu Irtysh. Rutivi rweMoscow rutsva rwakarurama ndere 2242 km, uye kusvika kumuganhu weKazakhstan - anenge 150 km. Guta iri munharaunda yechina uye rinotora nzvimbo ye 572 square meters. Km.

Title

Nyanzvi dzichiri kupopotedzana pamusoro pekuti shoko rokuti "Omsk" nderokutaura. Nhoroondo yezita reguta pane zvisinganzwisisiki. Pane shanduro iyo inosanganisira tsamba dzokutanga dzemashoko mumutsara unoti "Nzvimbo iri kure yekutapwa kwevatongi". Zvisinei, vazhinji vanotsvakurudza vanoona kubatana kwezita reRwizi Om. Mukuda kweshanduro yechipiri inotaura chokwadi chokuti iyi inonyanya kuonekwa yakareba kwenguva refu Omsk asati ava nejeri kune vane mhosva.

Prehistory of the emergence of Omsk

Sezvatotaurwa, vanhu vekutanga vakagara munzvimbo idzi muMugove weGuru. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nezvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakawanikwa panguva yezvokuchera matongo mumunda weOmsk yokupaka. Izvo zvakatsiviwa nevamiririri veimwe tsika yakagadziridzwa muzera reNeolithic, iro raiva nevhu, uye madzinza emarudzi akazununguka akagara ikoko, avo vanonzi Andronovs. Makuva avo akawanikwa panzvimbo iyo, iyo yakambove yakasimba nhare yeOmsk, uye munharaunda yeMamerican Street Street. Ipapo, makiromita gumi nemaviri kubva kuOmi muromo, vaImmenian vakatanga nharaunda yekare, iyo yakavapo kubva munenge makore gumi kusvika kuma8 BC. E. Vagari vayo vanogara munzvimbo idzi vaiva Kulays, uye gare gare vakatsiviwa neHuns, uyo akatamira kubva kuTranskaikalia.

Nheyo yeimba yeOmsk

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi16, nharaunda yeOirat yeruzhinji, iyo maRussia yakanga ine hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika, yakakumbira kuvaka guta pamusoro peOmi kudzivirira pakurwiswa kweKhotoigot Khanate. Zvisinei, muma1620s-1630s mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja. Kunyanya, vaOiraves, avo vakanga vari chikamu cheDzungar Khanate, ivo pachavo vakatanga kutambudzika vagari veTarski Andzd. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chokuti voivode yemunharaunda muna 1627 yakatuma vatumwa kune guta guru nechikumbiro chekuwana jeri mumuromo waOmi. Kunyange zvazvo munhu wose ainzwisisa kudiwa kwechiito ichocho, mamiriro ezvinhu kwenguva yakareba akadzivirira kushanda kwayo. Pasi paPeter Mukuru, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaColonel Ivan Buchholz, rwendo rwakave rwakagadzirirwa, rwakavaka nhare paGungwa Yamyshiv. Kuonekwa kwacho kwaiva nechisimba nevaZhungars vakange vakakomba rusvingo rweRussia, uye mushure mekunge nhengo dzorwendo rwacho rwusiya, dzakaparadzwa pasi. Kunyange zvakadaro, Ivan Buchholz haana kukanda mapfumo pasi uye, aenda kumuromo waOmi, akatanga nhare yakasimba ikoko. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti chiitiko ichi chakaitwa musi waMay 4-5, 1716 mumutambo wekare, zvinoreva kuti zuva rekugadzwa kweOmsk - May 16. Pasinei neizvi, kwemazana makumi emakore Guta reMaguta rinochengetwa musi weSvondo wekutanga waAugust.

18th century

Chiitiko chikuru chechiitiko ichi chaiva kuvakwa kwedombo renzvimbo mumakore makumi mashanu. Pakutanga, chivakwa ichi chakakumbwa sechinyanya kukosha kusimbisa kusimba kumabvazuva kweRussia Empire. Nemhaka yekupisa moto, guta rakaripoteredza rakaramba richivakwazve, kazhinji risina kugadziriswa. Muna 1785, murairo weChmress Catherine II wakabvumira jasi rezvombo zveguta reOmsk, izvo, pamwe nekushandura, zvinoshandiswa mazuva ano.

19th century

Nhoroondo yeguta reOmsk kubva pakutanga chaiyo yakabatana zvikuru nevakatapwa uye vane mhosva. Kunyanya, Decembrists N. Basargin, N. Chizhov, V. Shteingel nevamwe vazhinji vakanga vatapwa ikoko.

Muzana remakore rechi19 Omsk akava musimboti wekutonga weGavhuna wekuMadokero weSiberia, uye pashure - Stepnogo. Mumakore 1850-1854. Ijeri remukati rakapfigirwa nemunyori mukuru weRussia FM Dostoyevsky. Akasiya uchapupu hunokosha hwehupenyu muguta iyo panguva iyo munhoroondo yake, iyo inogona kuwanikwa pamapeji ebhuku rinonzi "Notes kubva kune vakafa."

Mumakore 1894-1895. Transsib akapfuura nomuguta. Ichi chiitiko chakakonzera zvikuru kukurudzirwa kweOmsk. Akashandura ikava nhandare huru yekumaodzanyemba kweSiberia, uye kushambadzira nemabhizimisi zvakatanga kukura ipapo.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20

Kuonekwa kwemabhizimisi emabhizimisi uye magwagwa makuru ezvitima zvakaita kuti pave nekugadzirisa kwemashure. Muna 1905, Omsk vakapinda mumasangano emasangano anotsigira hurumende yehurumende.

Pakupera kwa1914 kuvakwa kweTearway Administration yakatanga muguta racho nemauto eHungary vasungwa vehondo, uye mwedzi mishoma gare gare pombi yemvura yeOmsk yakavhurwa.

Izvo zviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika muPetrograd zvakakurumidza kuwana mhinduro kubva kuvashandi veguta. Pakarepo, masimba matsva uye Red Guard yakaumbwa. Panguva imwe chete, kuedza kwakagadzirwa muguta kuti vapanduke, panguva iyo mumigwagwa yeOmsk yakava nzvimbo yekurwa. Imwe yenguva dzakaoma zvikuru munhoroondo yeguta yaiva chikamu chechipiri cha1918. Yakanga iri pakati pechando yeOmsk yakasiyiwa neBolshevik, uye iyo inonzi "Provisional Government," iyo AV Kolchak inopinda, yakavakwa ipapo. Nokudaro, munguva yeHondo Yenyika, guta racho ndiro guta guru reVhite Russia.

Panguva yeSoviet nguva

Muna 1921 chimwe chiitiko chakaitika chisina kuratidza kufambisa kweguta zviri nani : mabasa ehutungamiri hweSiberia akaendeswa kuNovoskolayevsk, iyo yakazotumidzwa zvakare kuNovosibirsk. Mamiriro acho akachinja pashure pehondo. Muna 1947, Omsk yakagoverwa kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye yezvoupfumi yepamusoro nebhajhini yayo chaiye uye yakarongerwa seguta rezvekugadzirisa nyika. Kuchinja kweguta kune imwe nzvimbo yemabhizimisi megapolis yakasimudzirwawo nekuti munguva yemakore makuru eGreat Patriotic War, vazhinji vanoita zvemabhizimisi kubva kumativi eEurope yenyika vakaendeswa ikoko. Somugumisiro, chigadzirwa chemarubha uye chigadziriswa chakagadzirwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, miganhu yeguta yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, migwagwa mitsva yeOmsk yakaonekwa: Herzen of Bogdan, Khmelnitsky, nevamwe, uyewo nzvimbo dzakadaro seguta reNeftyanikov.

Nhoroondo yeOmsk: yezana remakore rechi21

Kutanga kwemireniyamu itsva kwakaratidzwa nematambudziko ezvoupfumi, midzi yaro yakanga iri mune izvo zvinonzi kudhara makumi mapfumbamwe. Zvisinei, guta racho rakabudirira kukunda vazhinji vavo uye nhasi rinoratidza maitiro akanaka ekufambira mberi munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Muna 2002, jasi remazuva ano eguta reOmsk rakabvumidzwa. Sezvazvakanga zvataurwa kare, zvinokuyeuchidza Catherine, asi jasi rekare rezvombo rinowiridzwa nechimiro chechimiro chegoridhe oak matavi, ayo anowanikwa neabhanikari ribhoni.

Zvino iwe unoziva nhoroondo yeguta reOmsk. Iva nechokwadi chekushanyira iyo uye uzive nezvinoonekwa zvakasiyana-siyana, pakati pazvo kune zvimwe zvinhu pasi pekuchengetedzwa kweUNESCO.