Maguta ishande. Kupatsanura mumaguta nokuda basa: mienzaniso

City hariwanikwi pachayo. Sezvo pakuberekwa kwayo iri zvakabatana chaizvo kuti chero basa mhando iri kwayo ushande.

Facts kubva kare

Emakore nhoroondo yevanhu inoratidza kuti maguta basa angachinja kanoverengeka. Saka, muna Ages nemisha akasimuka kuti zvechiuto kudzivirira, zvokutengeserana uye handicraft zvinangwa. Uye wokutanga yakavakwa rakavakirirwa ugari. The guta rakava chete pashure vashoma zvokutengeserana uye raanoziva posad (nemakwara chimvuramabwe). Panguva iyoyo, mashoko yaiona uye enyika mashandiro muguta yakagadzirwa kwazvo. With mienzaniso Misha yakadaro hakuzovi dambudziko. Ndicho maguta akawanda Russian akadai muPskov, The Great Luke, Izborsk, etc.

Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi18. nokuti zvose maguta vari pakati County, ari administrative basa wagadzirirwa. Asi hazvina kuvamisa. maguta akadai ndakaisa nemugwagwa nokuparadzirwa, sangano uye zvoupfumi mabasa. Yakadaro kunangiswa rakachengetedzwa kusvikira nguva yedu. Zvose izvi zvinhu zviri kuri mune nzvimbo yaiona maruwa.

Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Misha huru akatanga kuridza basa yokufambisa uye maindasitiri. Izvi zvinosimbiswa mumaguta kuburikidza iyo akapfuura yakazova. Development pakufamba Links akwanise kukurumidza kuwedzera maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Mienzaniso Maguta aya anogona kushumira Novosokolniki uye Porhov, muPskov uye Great Luke, et al for.

mumadhorobha kushanda yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20. yakareba zvava administrative. Panguva iyoyo vakatanga kuti pamwe tsika uye rokudzidzisa mabasa.

The chikuru mabasa veguta

Guta rimwe nerimwe rine basa muupenyu mudunhu. mumadhorobha mabasa avo socio-zvoupfumi maitiro. Funga mazita pavo.

The chikuru mabasa maguta:
- wevanotungamirira-yevagari kuparadzirwa;
- Kutarisirwa zvakanaka uye;
- kugadzirwa (upfumi kusikwa);
- social uye mudzimba;
- dzidzo netsika;
- utsanzi uye kwesayenzi;
- vatorwa tengeserana;
- zvokutengeserana uye kuparadzirwa;
- ruzivo;
- senga uye kutaurirana;
- zvinotivaraidza uye Tourism;
- Fitness;
- socio-zvipenyu uye zvakatipoteredza.

Sezvaunogona kuona, anoyevedza pamabhuku. Ndivo chikuru zviri mumaguta kusiyanisa kubva pamazita nemisha duku.

typology

Ndezvipi misha? Pane chaicho kupatsanura mumaguta mune mashandiro zviri tinoberekwa pavo. Pakati pavo vane:

1. Multifunction. Maguta awa tsika, yaiona, enyika uye zvoupfumi basa. Ndivo anokosha rayonoobrazuyuschie nzvimbo. Pano pane miganhu sangano yakaoma, pane zvakasiyana-siyana kwazvo kubatana.
2. Cities interregional kukosha, izvo koshesa chokufambisa uye maindasitiri mabasa. Kazhinji, misha akadaro rakakamurwa marudzi anoverengeka. Ava zvekufambisa, maindasitiri, maindasitiri uye chokufambisa.
3. Cities, izvo hunodzorwa mamwe mabasa. Motokari yavo uye mumaindasitiri ukoshi haisi saka haana. Izvi taundi duku, dzemunharaunda nzvimbo. Vatambe hwesangano uye administrative basa nokuda grassroots nzvimbo.
4. Spa maguta zvimwe zvinhu.
5. Research uye experimental uye tsvakurudzo nzvimbo.

Mabasa kuri munzvimbo dzose

City chinokosha mhando ugari. Zvinonzi kunotangira weboka basa. Ndezvipi mashandiro muguta, pasina chakasara? Dzinonzi gradoobsluzhivayuschimi. Kwakadaro mabasa tinotungamirirwa ura ane ukoshi chete yenzvimbo musha.

Asi chii mabasa anoitwa muguta? City-dzichiumbwa. Basa iri kunoita kuti tifunge kugarwa somumwe zvemamiriro ezvinhu misha yaiva munzvimbo imwe nharaunda kana nyika.

Munyika yanhasi mashandiro muguta neguta-dzichiumbwa vari ropa ravo. Vanobvumira isu kugadzirisa enyika uye administrative utariri, maindasitiri uye dzinogarwa, tsika uye zvokutengeserana, zvesayenzi uye dzidzo, uyewo utilities uye ouinjiniya matambudziko. Muchiitiko chino, zvose mashandiro veguta titsigire uye haagoni kuvapo ariega. New nemisha sokuti zvinodiwa yose nyika kana munhu kumatunhu. Panguva iyoyowo madhorobha kupatsanura mabasa kunze zvichienderana basa, izvo basa navo.

Typology guta-dzichiumbwa basa

mumadhorobha zvinhu zviri ropa rayo, akakamurwa nechepakati uye inokosha. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira mabasa avo, chine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana paruzhinji mabasa, uyewo kumapurazi iri munzvimbo dzakapoteredza.

The nechepakati basa

Typology mumaguta mukati munyika ine kupatsanura waro zvacho. Kurudyi danho iri Moscow. The guru weRussia anoshumira yose mamiriro. Rinotevera pamwero anochengeterwa nzvimbo huru zvoupfumi nharaunda. Mashandiro anoita maguta Russian mu muchikwata ichi (Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk) vari mukushandira nzvimbo, nzvimbo iyo vari. The rakatevera pamwero - the emunharaunda. Panguva danho iri vakuru vakuru vari nzvimbo vane basa iri kushumira wandei administrative maruwa. guta kwakadaro kungasanganisira Somuenzaniso, uye Orsk Busuluk.

Inotevera Samanai pamusoro vakuru vakuru inogarwa nzvimbo dzoruwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusanganisira Priozersk uye Vyborg (Leningrad nharaunda). At yakadereresa Samanai vari intra nzvimbo. Mashandiro anoita maguta Russian kuti pamwero kunoratidzwa SERVICING imwe miganhu chikamu administrative dunhu. Maguta aya anosanganisira kutenda uye Aprelevka (Moscow nharaunda, Naro-Fominsk weruwa).

chinokosha basa

Kwakadaro basa munyika basa pabazi nzvimbo. Unorema maguta Russian chinhu chikuru maindasitiri masangano (Novokuznetsk, Magnitogorsk, etc.), uyewo chokufambisa hubs (Nakhodka, Novorossiysk). Sezvineiwo ishoma munyika yedu, guta kwesayenzi (Dubna, Obninsk), tourism uye Spa nzvimbo (Suzdal, Pyatigorsk, Sochi).

urbanization

A muitiro runogonesa basa maguta kukura yose, kunokonzerwa kuchinja wevanotungamirira nemagariro maumbirwo vanhu, nzira yaro muupenyu, tsika, etc.

Zvakawanda kumatunhu nyika yedu dzinokosha kusiyana mwero urbanization. Uye ichi ndicho pachena kwete chete nenhanho kuti inogarwa makuru ezvoupfumi dzoga, asi pamusoro apo misha riri yaiona-miganhu ushande.

Pfungwa kusangana mumaguta mumakore achangopfuura yakawedzera zvinooneka. Nharaunda nemisha yakawanda iri kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Nenguva bhizimisi uye vagari vakapararira pedyo munzvimbo. Panyaya iyi, kunowedzera mashandiro maguta akadai zveupfumi nemagariro. Big vakatendeutswa mugomba chete kugarwa urbanized mapazi ndipo anoita somunhu inokosha muzinda.

The kusiyana chinangwa chadzo uye inowanikwa mazita mumaguta. Izvi zvinogona kuvaka nzvimbo, kuberekwa iyo chokuita pakuvaka guru maindasitiri zvivako. Uyezve, mabasa vane chete dzinogarwa Suburban yawo. Muna Moscow nharaunda vakadaro Springs, Semkhoz nevamwe. Panewo dzemisha isina mabasa guta. Izvi kuchengetwa avo munzvimbo pane namahwindo maindasitiri emakambani, uye zvokunze basa ukama havasi kuwanika. Mumisha iyi mhando kunogona kuwanikwa inonyanyoshandiswa kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe dzenyika, apo mumazuva akare, paiva kuitika migodhi.

Kupatsanura mumaguta nokuda kwevanhu

Pakadaro, kana kusimbiswa imwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana kushanda, zvichava nokukurumidza akure. Ndokusaka maguta ose makuru yakagadzirirwa nechokwadi mabasa akasiyana-siyana mabhora munzanga kuvapo, ndiEzekieri.

maguta maduku sevanonyanya monkey-dzichipfekeka. nzvimbo dzose dziri akakamurwa marudzi anotevera:
- duku, vanhu havafaniri kupfuudza vanhu zviuru zvishanu;..
- Small - 5-20 thous;..
- Welterweight - 20-50 zviuru vanhu;..
- svikiro - 50-100 zviuru vanhu;..
- makuru - 100-500 zviuru vanhu;..
. - chikuru - 500 zviuru - vanhu mamiriyoni 1;..
- guta-yeshoroma - vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1 ..

Kuwanda vaigara chero nzvimbo kunoenderana mabasa akasiyana-siyana basa nayo.

monofunctional guta

For Human nemisha, iyo anobatsira chaizvo muupenyu munzanga, kusanganisira masayendisiti uye dzisina pakati. Ndezvipi mabasa avo?

Science City kuumbwa kuti zvesainzi, dzesayenzi-hwokugadzira uye nzira itsva basa. Munzvimbo idzi kubudisa nemiedzo, experimental kukura, chokudzidzisa vashandi achitevedza National kukura kukoshesa kweminda yesayenzi uye michina.

Mashandiro ari dzisina maguta anosanganisira:

- kuitisa vezvokurapa kunaya varwere;
- mumwe Spa kurapwa;
- kuvandudzwa zororo;
- kuitwa kudzivisa chirwere matanho;
- Cultural uye zvishande basa.

Kuti tiite vatatu Mabasa wokutanga anoshandiswa dzinongoitika chaiko zvinhu.

Mashandiro anoita Northern guta guru Russia

Chii Basa St. Petersburg muupenyu vanhu vayo uye nyika yose? Pari inokosha akagadzirwa mashandiro reguta zvikuru rwakafara.

Ndiye:

- zvenhau netsika muzinda wenyika-kirasi;
- itsva, zvesayenzi uye dzidzo pakati;
- basa guta;
- tourist centre;
- zvokufambisa uye dzaifanoiswa nomusimboti.

budiriro Perspective

Mashandiro anoita guta upi havarambi kuchinja. Vamwe vavo zvishoma dzakachinjwa pamusoro nguva, uye vamwe - vari kunyangarika, vari kutsiviwa vatsva. Zvakafanana pezvakaitwa anowanzoramba St. Petersburg. The vaizotibata kupfuura chepfungwa Northern guru kunogona tsunga kwakavakirwa kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza reguta, ayo yemakwikwi chinzvimbo uye kuwedzera basa guru kwevanhu. Izvi inokosha kuronga munyaya hurumende St. Petersburg.

Kupatsanura pakati mashandiro ari Northern Capital

Zvose kuti basa muguta, iro rinotarisira mabasa ayo, akavakamura kuva mapoka maviri. Chokutanga izvi zvinosanganisira mabasa akadai kuti kumbochinja zvachose pamusoro yakareba nguva. Vane zvinokosha. Boka rechipiri unosanganisira zvakawanda akadaro indasitiri chaitika.

Chii basa kuNorthern guru ndoweboka rokutanga? Ichi chinhu chinowanikwa muguta St. Petersburg sezvo nzvimbo hwomutambarakede pokugara. basa iri, pasinei ayo pachena kwete yagara iri kutsanangura uye kutungamirira. Nhasi zvose zvakachinja. Kunobudirira guta rava nzvimbo yakasununguka, mupfumi uye vakasununguka mhenyu unyanzvi, enterprising uye zvakasikwa vanhu. Nokuti ichi St. Petersburg basa kubudirira makwikwi maguta akadai Moscow, Paris, London, etc.

Northern guru uye yokusafa kushanda yesayenzi centre. Izvi akwanise ne zvikoro vakawanda rokudzidzisa. Uyezve, zvikuru vanokwanisa vanachiremba kushanda munhandare nesayenzi.

Mumakore achangopfuura yekudyidzana vakawedzera geopolitical vasisanetswi St. Petersburg kusvika pamwero vamwe nharaunda. Izvi kunoratidzwa muguta guru ishande. It inoshanyirwa siyana dzemarudzi Misangano, RESE, forum uye kuratidzira. Saka, guta yakabudirira chinozoiswa nzira yose guru rechipiri.

Constant chinoratidza St. Petersburg raro basa chenhau netsika muzinda kwete chete Russia asi yose. Zvinoita kuti kukura ushanyi uye kukwezva vanhu kuti varambe vakadzidza.

Mashandiro anoita St. Petersburg muindasitiri muzinda zvishoma dzakachinjwa. The guta akavhura zvebhizimisi idzva, achiumba ichangoburwa ano mukugadzira indasitiri. Pane rinobudiswa motokari zvinoriumba, muAtlantic autobuild zvekutepfenyura. Northern guta anozvirumbidza uye zvakasikwa pamusoro ichangoburwa muzvigadzirwa chechetere neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga. In guta rakashama uye mashandiro nemapazi mazhinji makambani vaitungamirira nyika. Nemamwe mashoko, muSt Petersburg pane zvinogona yakakura nokuda kukura sezvo muzinda ano yepamusorosoro indasitiri.