Nhoroondo pokumuka informatics somunhu sainzi

Computer - ichi ndechimwe sayenzi gotwe. Iye inodzidza zvivako uye mifananidzo mashoko, nzira kushandiswa kwayo muupenyu hwevanhu.

Rinotanga nyaya kukura kombiyuta nesayenzi kubva pakutanga yemagetsi makombiyuta mukupera 40. - mangwanani 50-ies pakati XX remakore. Yaiva kombiyuta wokutanga, kushanda Vacuum sepombi. discrete semiconductors makombiyuta vakanga akazogadzira pedyo 60-fung gore. Uye pakati pezana 60s paiva motokari vakapakata IC Chips.

History mashoko gadziriro pakukura zvakabatana chaizvo kuti murume kwagara kwakaoma kuita zvakaoma masvomhu mupfungwa dzako kana papepa. Kuongorora pfungwa vanhu vakatsvaka michina kadambari pezvakaitwa nokushandisa nyore kuverenga, masiraidhi mutemo. Uye pakupedzisira, muna 1642, Pascal akasikwa masere-ikakuruma Achipfupikisa mashandiro. Pashure Sharl 2 remakore De Colmar runokwaniswa kuti ive achiwedzera muchina, iyo pave zvikuru kunzwisisa kwemasvomhu akavhiyiwa sezvo chokuwanziridza uye kupesana. Accounting kwomunun'una nokuda kuvamba ichi.

Asi nhoroondo chairo kukura mashoko michina chinotanga mharidzo pfungwa kuti akaumba hwaro makombiyuta ano muna 1833, wokuEngland Charles Babbage. Akatanga kushandiswa punchi makadhi, makomba vaishumirwa kuti nekufambisa mashoko. Rakanga wokutanga zvirongwa matanho.

History mashoko gadziriro budiriro akaramba muna 1888 sechinhu injiniya mu America Germanom Holleritom, uyo authored wokutanga pakuverenga muchina electromechanical mhando. It akaedzwa panguva okuverengwa muna 1890 uye mwoyo nemigumisiro dzavo uye kukarukureta nokukurumidza. Kana yapfuura kuita mari iyi basa raida 500 vashandi, uyo pored pamusoro nenhamba kwemakore manomwe anotevedzana, pakati Hollerith, uyo akapa mumwe nomumwe 43 vabatsiri ngaakudze muchina kutsungirira rino basa mukati mwedzi.

Nhoroondo mashoko michina kukura Hollerith tionge uye yaakasimbisa kambani, izvo akazozivikanwa sezvo IBM uye nhasi hofori pose computerization. vashandi vayo, pamwe masayendisiti kubva Harvard University muna 1940 akavaka yokutanga yemagetsi kombiyuta, inonzi "Mark 1". whopper ichi achirema matani 35, uye nemhosva makombiyuta akaita se US muchiuto. The muchina rinowanikwa mune binary ino. mabasa 300 chokuwanziridza uye Kuwedzera akavhiyiwa 5000 aipedza chete wechipiri. Asi rambi akakurumidza akaputsa, uye dambudziko rakanga kugadziriswa Bardeen, Brattain uye Shockley - the vanotanga semiconductor transistors.

Saka, nhoroondo kukura kombiyuta nesayenzi vakauya nguva yakakura yokuderedza uwandu makombiyuta uye avo rudzi inotevera zvakanga zvakati chiduku. Uye kumhanya kadambari vanokwanisa kwakawedzera 10 nguva.

Zvadaro, nhoroondo yose kukura nesayenzi munyika iri chokuita kuti miniaturization makombiyuta. Uye kuita zvakanaka panyaya iyi, American boka rokutanga Digital midziyo, ipapo makasimba INTEL. A mid-70s the Twentieth Century, varipo pachavo makombiyuta uye ikozvino vakakurumbira kambani Apple.

Nhoroondo kombiyuta kukura munyika yedu chinotanga diki yemagetsi kombiyuta (MSEM), anoita kushandiswa 50 pasekondi yoga yoga. mugadziri waro aiva Sergey Aleksandrovich Lebedev. Nzira yaiva nyika yedu rakanyatsojeka minzwa. Uye nhasi hatigoni kufungidzira hunogutsa pasina kushandisa makombiyuta. Uye kana ukatarira shure, nguva chinhu akaenda vakasvimha. Sezvo hwokugadzira pfungwa iri kunyange mberi nguva. Bv, Laptops uye netbooks - chiratidzo chinokosha ano yaitonga.