Muvambi Herman Hollerith makombiyuta: a Biography uye pikicha

Nhoroondo kadambari vakatanga vaine pfungwa kuumba gadzirirwa kuti aigona kuverenga kana kuwedzera multi-digit yose nhamba. The gadzira ane 13-ikakuruma mudziyo wokutanga yakazokudziridzwa anenge 1500 Da Vinci. Achishanda somunhu Achipfupikisa mudziyo ndiye akasika Pascal muna 1642. Izvi vavambi vakakurumbira Nokufarisisa yaitonga makombiyuta.

kushandisa michina

Nokuti vakawanda muripo kwema haisi chete kumhanya aurayiwe neimwe, asi kushaya nzvimbo pakati pavo, umo kubatanidzwa kwevanhu kunodiwa. Vakawanda vanotanga nomukurumbira akaedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Zvakanga zvakafanira, kuti akavhiyiwa zvakanga sequentially mumwe pashure pomumwe usingamudimburiri.

Program Nhanganyaya "pamusoro vanoenda"

Computer Nhoroondo anoziva masayendisiti akawanda kunoshamisa vakabatsira kuti kukura kushandisa michina. Saka, mukutanga 80s. Remakore rechi19, yakanga zvinganaka kushandisa makadhi zvirongwa pre-akanyorwa uye chiyamuro nayo kupinda mudziyo. mugadziri ravo raiva Herman Hollerith. In kombiyuta sainzi, musayendisiti akaita chimurenga chaiyo. Ngatikurukurei kuvamba ake.

Herman Hollerith: Biography

Akazvarwa nyanzvi February 29, 1860 mu Buffalo. Aiva mwana wechinomwe. baba vake muna 1848, iye vakatama kubva kuGermany kuUnited States. Atamisa Hollerith apinda chikoro, rakanga akadzingwa asi nokukurumidza. Kazhinji, Herman akasiya boka pamberi chiperengo. Tenzi kamwe akavhara musuo, uye mukomana akasvetuka kubva pauriri rechipiri. Mushure kuti uye vakadzingwa chikoro. Uyezve dzidzo Herman Hollerith kubva mudzidzisi-Lutheran. Akatora mapoka nepakati uye chikoro naye. At 16 Iye muuto College of specialization "migodhi". Zvisinei, jaya aifarira asina kudaro basa sezvo midziyo yemagetsi. Pandaidzidza pana Columbia College, akasangana Trowbridge, iyo pashure pechinguva akamuita mutevedzeri wake. Saka Herman Hollerith paakasvika Statistical Office of US kwevanhu vaverengwe.

basa rekuita

Pazera 19, Herman Hollerith akaenda Washington, apo akatanga basa rake. Chakazozivikanwa vachishingaira munyaya neshamwari kuti Georgetown. Kwapera nguva, Hollerith vanosangana Billings. Vapedzisira aiva yakavimbika nyanzvi kuongorora Statistical ruzivo, saka iye aishanda ari utariri mutungamiriri nokuda vaverengwe. Billings akati Hollerith pamusoro pfungwa yake kusika muchina, izvo aizoshandiswa punchi makadhi kuti patafura Data vakawana kuumba. Vamwe vanyori vanoti shanduro mbiri simba Kumutungamiriri management uchiwedzera basa iri mazano ari mudziyo. Maererano wokutanga, Billings akataura kushandiswa yepanchi makadhi nematsananguriro romunhu uchishandisa mucherechedzo micheto dzavo uye kufambira mudziyo. Maererano chechipiri shanduro, iye aizongovapa kuuya nevamwe kwemarudzi mudziyo.

kutanga ruzivo

Muna 1882 Herman Hollerith kunopinda Massachusetts Institute mudzidzisi. Akashanda gore yechikoro. Panguva ino, Hollerith akava nepfungwa dzake uye vakaita kukura wokutanga zvokushandisa kurekodha mashoko okuverengwa uye Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa mazuva. Muna 1883 akadzokera Washington, apo akatanga kushanda bvumidzwa kuhofisi. Ruzivo rwakawanikwa kwakanga anobatsira naye sezvo muvambi, uye akashandisa navo kwemakumi emakore. Muna 1884, akaisa mberi pfungwa kuvandudza kuchiteshi chokufambisa ezvinhu mabhureki. Zvinofanira akati pamusoro dzemari, waiva Herman Hollerith. Tabulator aigona kuvaka mukutanga '80s, asi mari nokuti akanga asina. Muchiitiko chino, kwereta nayo, hapana aigona.

patents

In St. Louis, Herman Hollerith vakaungana yemagetsi akaputsa kuti chitima uye akatora mugove makwikwi. Panguva chiitiko akaratidzwa kuna hurongwa, uchishanda panheyo Vacuum uye achishandisa compressed mhepo. Electro-akanga azivikanwa akanakisisa shanu. Zvisinei, kwaiva chokwadi kushanda mashandisiro nokuda dutu kutyisidzira kwayo. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, isu vakaramba maitiro uye patents pamusoro mabhureki kusvikira expiry yavo vakaneta. Akatevera kuvamba corrugation midziyo aiva akaita sepombi zvesimbi. Haanawo pakutanga kuwana kushanda kwayo, asi gare gare akatora boka "General Motors" iri zvaAtemisi tefa kubatana.

Herman Hollerith: tabulator

The bvumidzwa itsva, vakanyorwa September 23, 1884, rakava kukosha. Herman Hollerith muchina waishandiswa nokuda Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa mazuva ose Statistical mashoko pamusoro hwenyama muna Baltimore muna 1887. Data 1889, muNew York vakanga kupatsanurwa vachishandisa mudziyo uyu. Kushandisa ayo unyanzvi, Herman Hollerith akaratidza kuti punchi makadhi - a chinhu chinokosha nedanho paumbwe matafura. Muna 1887 akaita kururamisa kuti bvumidzwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, maindasitiri mazhinji vaifanira kupedza chibvumirano ne Hollerith rezinesi rake mudziyo. Kana kuverengwa kwevanhu 1890 ruzivo kune wese makadhi 73/8 × 33/4 nemainji. Next isu akaita pamusoro yehombodo ari perforations imwe neimwe noruzhinji. Tsanga yacho yaichekwa mhiri imwe kona dzakadimburirwa zvivanakire mu nedanho kuverengwa uye Sorting. Wokupedzisira mashandiro rakanga raitwa nemaziso, sezvo dzimwe nzira iyoyo yakatanga havana. Hollerith muchina kuti pasina basa rimwe perforation maererano muenzaniso. The mudziyo uri nyore kuti opareta uye kunoderedza uwandu zvikanganiso.

Musimboti wacho midziyo

Nokuti mudziyo rayo Herman Hollerith kuvakwa pamwe venhau ndiro yakagadzirwa zvakaoma rabha uye mutungamiriri huve. The ndiro rakanga wakapindwa nokuda rusesi. Anoenderana nzvimbo perforations pamepu. Muchikamu, vakazadzwa nemekiyuri uye zvakabatanidzwa zviteshi panguva rwemberi redzimba. Bhokisi riri pamusoro ndiro chete kuonana pfungwa yacho fungidziro. Vakanga wakashanda kubudikidza matsime. Kana kadhi Tab pachaunga kuonana pfungwa nokuda mekuri, uye dunhu kwakaitika. Izviwo, kusashanda pakaunda. Chiso chake aigona kunyora nhamba kuti 10,000. Akatamira aine magineti, anogamuchira chiratidzo nomukombiyuta nemekiyuri rusesi 1 nokupesana. Kubva nguva nenguva iyo mashoko achiverengwa kubva pakaunda, uye yose chokupedzisira mugumisiro iri hwakatamisirwa kadhi manually.

kururama Check

Kuti vave nechokwadi zviri kutora matanho:

1. Paaipedzisa akanga akatakurwa panze panguva imwe chete ari maitiro akawanda, dhayira vanyorese roga kadhi. Saka zvaiita kuti aone mugumisiro kuwedzera kuburikidza zvenguva parameters.
2. Kana zvakarurama chikwata zvakabudisa runhare kunyoresa. Kana akanga asipo, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuwana uye kugadzirisa dambudziko.
3. makadhi Press kupatsanurwa ane zvakananga remitemo chete, izvo zvakanzi chiite.
4. Punchi makadhi rweberere chete boka kuva zvakafanana buri. Tichibatsirwa ari waya tsvimbo ticherechedze kuvapo makadhi "wokumwe".

pose mukurumbira

Hollerith ziva vazhinji, asi muna 1890 iye kubudirira usingatarisiri zvachose kubudirira. Akakwanisa kugumisa nechibvumirano 11 vaverengwe nzira pashure mukuwana makwikwi 4 mumaruwa St. Louis, inova musha vanopfuura zviuru 10. Man. Nzira, iyo yakatanga Herman Hollerith, vaisiyana kwete chete inonyanya kumhanya, asi chikuru kururama. Maererano nokufungidzira wacho akagadzira aponesa nehurumende 600 zviuru zvemadhora. Muna 1890, musayendisiti akatendeuka 30. Akanga paakavapa mwero Dhokotera Philosophy. Hollerith akaita chikuru zvakawanda pamwe US Census Bureau. Nechepakati-September 1890, akaroora mwanasikana chiremba wake Washington. Pakarepo shure muchato Hollerith akapinda chibvumirano pamwe yeAustria Hurumende kuti vashandise mano yaro Central Bureau of Statistics. Kubvira vakatanga dzakawanda basa musayendisiti. By 1895 fung chairema basa rayo kwete chete muAustria asiwo Canada. Panguva iyoyowo Nhaurirano yaiitwa musi nerubatsiro midziyo kuRussia uye Italy.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Herman Hollerith aifarira kupedza nguva nemhuri, kuita zvokurima mabasa, kutenga motokari uye kuvaka dzimba. In muchato aiva nevanasikana vatatu uye vanakomana vazhinji. Uyu murume anoshamisa, uyo akaita mupiro guru nhamba, vakashaya kumba kwake chemwoyo November 17, 1929. Upenyu hwake, iye kudzidza zvakawanda, yakapoteredzwa rudo vanhu, nomufaro, kwete dai pamusoro chero ndakarovha mikana. Kusvikira wokupedzisira mazuva ake iye akavenga dzose nemitemo chiperengo uye aibvuma kunyora zvaanoda.