Nhoroondo guta St. Petersburg. Interesting chokuita St. Petersburg

Vazhinji akare-timers kutaura kuti iye zvino haisi guta, nguva achinja uye vanhu. Zvisinei, kufanana chero zera, kwasvika kukwegura uye vakachengeta kuchinja. kuchinja zvose zvinoratidza nhoroondo yeguta. Saint Petersburg - chimwe chezvinhu akanaka, mupfumi siyana zviitiko, inoshamisa uye kunyange rakavanzika yawo. Akapukunyuka pakaparadzwa pokuchinja, hondo, asi wakanaka Petrograd (aka Petro Leningrad) nhasi kunokwezva vashanyi kwete nyika asiwo pose.

Kuti pane kufamba mumigwagwa, apo kamwe akafamba Brodsky awkwardly akareurura rudo rwake Asa Dovlatov. Vanoti kuti kunyange pokugara pano vazvibate madzishe vechokwadi.

How kuvaka guta

Chinhu chokutanga ndechokuti kuziva sei paiva St. Petersburg. Nhoroondo yeguta (pfupiso anoratidzwa munyaya) kunotangira XVII remakore. Zvaiva 1703. Peter I akakunda Ingermlandiyu uye nokukurumidza akasarudza kuvaka pamusoro idzi yemauto pakutanga nosivshuyu zita St. Peter-Burj. Saka akadana mambo wake, asi havana kukudzwa kwake, uye vachiremekedza uye kuyemurwa muapostora Petro. Mune imwe shanduro zita rinoreva yose uye vakasiya kubvira pamazuva ekare kare, kana akatonga Teutonic Knights.

Amazing ndiyo nhoroondo yeguta. St. Petersburg akatanga kuvapo kwayo panguva apo zvinhu zvose vachiri kuenda Great Northern War, nekuti kutanga zvazvinofanira kuva nhare yokuzvidzivirira. Runyerekupe ane nayo kuti ibwe rokutanga wakaradzikwa namambo pachake, uye kana izvi zvaitika, denga segondo rinobhururuka.

Zvisinei, zviri zvakawanda sezvinoita ngano, nokuti shiri idzi akasawanikwa nokusingaperi munharaunda, uye Petro pachake ari kuvaka ngarava kure Peter.

Takashanda pamusoro pakusikwa guta dzinokwana anenge matatu namazana vanhu. Vari kugara basa zviviri kana zvitatu panofamba, kubvira March kusvika October.

Zvinonzi vakatenda reropa nhoroondo yeguta. St. Petersburg Zvinowanzotaurwa, vamire pamusoro mapfupa, sezvo vavaki vakawanda vakaurayiwa panguva mashandiro. Izvi hazvisi chokwadi. Masters vakapiwa mugove wezvokudya uye mari nokuda basa, izvo kunosimbiswa magwaro. Kunyange kuita pasina kunyanyisa. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe kuchinja kunokonzerwa vanhu vose pamusoro nyika, asi haana kuuya zvose. Vaya vakauya, dzimwe nguva vaiedza kutiza. Kuti tiwane Mambo anotiza akarayira kujeri mujeri mhuri yake uye nokuchengeta ikoko kusvikira kunyangarika pachayo ndizvo.

Chii chakaitika pamberi?

Asi hazvisi nguva dzose chete kwaiva St. Petersburg.

A nhoroondo pfupi guta vana vachava zvikuru dzinonakidza. About miriyoni adarika mune chave zvino mutemo kwakawedzera guru masango Deciduous, nzizi dzaiva renguva inoyerera. Kana akatora simba mumaoko avo vakafa muchando, vazhinji nyika yakanga kufukidzwa Continental chando. Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti nzvimbo Peter kwakarinda rukoko mvura nechando Ukobvu anenge 1 kiromita. Kureva Kuoneka rechando nhasi, aizoita kuviga guta "vane korona."

With rwizi kwakabatana nhoroondo yeguta. St. Petersburg pamire Neva River, izvo, zvisinei, haana kurarama kunyange 4-5 zviuru zvemakore isati kuvakwa. The choruzhinji kwazvino dura rinotsanangurwa makore 2500 chete apfuura. Asati ichi panzvimbo yake akaenda Tosna uye Mga norugare.

madzinza European yekare - mushure chando akaburukira nzvimbo vanhu vakatanga kuuya. Maererano nevaongorori, zita chikuru rwizi akapa Indo-vokuEurope. Kwemakore ane chiuru Kristu asati auya pano madzibaba Balts uye Finns.

madzinza Eastern necheSalvic akauya Neve chete IX remakore BC, ivo akaumba Novgorod Rus. Earth akatanga vanoshingaira nyuchi, inokura upfumi, dzakabudirira rwokugadzira uye kutengeserana.

Sezvo St. Petersburg aiva guta guru

Sezvo 1712 guta guru reRussia Empire akazivisa Saint Petersburg.

Nhoroondo guta rinotanga kubva mukurumbira uye kuzivikanwa. Izvi pakarepo Kutamiswa zvinhu zvose zvinokosha, asi pane hove. Kutaura zvazviri, guta rakanga kuSweden. Ndicho chete nyaya munhau, kana guta guru rehurumende iri kuwanda mumwe.

A zvishoma anopfuura remakore guta anoramba chinzvimbo chacho uye akarasikirwa kuti yaitonga Peter II, ipapo vakadzokera shure nayo.

Chikonzero kutamira guru kutsanangura aifarira-European wezwi wamambo. St. Petersburg aiva muenzaniso itsva, ano, Western, apo Moscow akanga anoonekwa somunhu kakasaririra, akwegura, yokuMabvazuva. kunetsana kudaro, uye kutsanangura kakawanda kuchinja chinzvimbo uye Petrov Moscow guta.

Kusvikira ikozvino, Peter kunzi kuchamhembe, tsika, guta guru akangwara weRussia.

City muna XIX remakore

XIX remakore vakauya guta duku dambudziko. The War of 1812 aida mari nguva dzose. Nokuda St. Petersburg kukura seiyi, sezvo mari zvose vasara kuramba mauto. Asi panguva imwe chete kuwedzera kukosha Peter sechinhu muzinda.

Kusimbisa pakuiswa pamusoro nesayenzi, pakatangwa nemasangano edzidzo. Uyewo, kudhinda yakavakwa. Imwe ngano nokubudirira - kuvhurika yacho Pulkovo Observatory uye Russian Geographic Society, uko kwenguva refu nguva yakaramba zvesayenzi nzvimbo munyika.

In yokutanga yezana XIX remakore rakatumidzwa Northern Dvina Canal, icho chinounza kuvandudza St. Petersburg. Nhoroondo guta (nepikicha nguva rinenge haana kurarama) anoita rakapinza jana - kutanga kutanga bhizimisi uye zvokutengeserana tichiregeredza itsva zvifambiso hubs. Uyewo kuwedzera mapurani pamasikiro guta. Pamadziro, Peter aishanda yakanakisisa vavatorwa uye mudzimba vanatenzi.

Lullaby chimurenga

Karwendo kuti ngarawa "Aurora" (St. Petersburg) - guta nhoroondo kuvana muchimiro ushingi. Zvino kosi kufamba unogona kuudza pamusoro zviitiko.

Kunyange asati chimurenga, apo, nokuda Hondo Yenyika I mupopoti Anti-German pfungwa, kwakasarudzwa kuti rename guta Petrograd. Kukura indasitiri kwakaita kuti vakawanda vanoshanda vakarongeka zhinji mugovanisi mumapoka uye masangano. Zviri pano kuti yakatangwa pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1905-1907.

Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti isati iri pano kuti kwaiva kumukira Decembrists muna 1825.

Ngarawa "Aurora" (St. Petersburg), kuti zvisakamboonekwa nhoroondo yeguta, mazita mumigwagwa kubudisa manzwiro kuti zviitiko izvi akatora nzvimbo kwete remakore adarika uye munguva pfupi ichangopfuura.

Muna 1924 guta Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Leningrad, mazuva matatu pashure pokufa mutungamiriri proletariat.

The Soviet kumwedzi

The chimurenga kwakatungamirira unopinza kuderera mune Vagari muguta vaigara 20 vane isingasviki miriyoni. Petrograd kudzokera upenyu pakutanga NEP akabudirira. Ivo rakavhurwa kudhindwa, kubudiswa, mitambo.

Center upenyu nemagariro inova St. Petersburg. Nhoroondo guta vana uye vakuru kuwana maketeni itsva yakajeka.

asiwo anotanga kubika kwenguva itsva Russian uri - chains-garde.

dzimba tsika hwaivapo mudunhu ose, uye zvakawanda mamiziyamu uye kuratidzira kushamiswa.

Machechi akawanda, maererano achitonga Communist yezvavaidavira, akanga apa zvinodiwa upfumi, ikava mumamiziyamu.

Ndeimwewo akava St. Petersburg. Nhoroondo muguta, ezviitiko akanga ava kuwanikwa munhu aifarira.

The nezviitiko kutanga pashure Kirov afa muna 1934. vagari vakawanda vakaurayiwa Ugandanga Great. Pashure paizvozvo, dzakatevedzana mazuva, kwakaratidzwa dema, nokuti Leningrad inoguma. vagari World zvakaongororwa kurwisa - uye vakapfuura bvunzo iyi yakaoma. Vanenge 900 mazuva akaramba blockade kuti Leningrad. Nokuti Feat ichi, uye dzimwe nokubudirira muguta vakagamuchira zita "Hero City".

Zviitiko izvi zvinofanira kuverengerwa mukati purogiramu mamwe-curricular mabasa muzvikoro uye vachiudza pane nhoroondo guta St. Petersburg mbiri (Grade 2 uye pamusoro).

Revival pashure pehondo

Mumakore akazotevera pashure pehondo kwakaratidzwa nzira nokupora. Field kutokonora uye kubhombiwa kashoma kusiya kamwe building, apo pakanga pasina zvinoratidza zvinotyisa zvakaitika hondo. Asi nokukurumidza kuunganidza vomuUmambo, zviremera akabvumira nekukurumidza kudzokera yaimbova Leningrad chiso.

Uyezve, kwete chete rakapotsa kuparadzwa, asi Vakapazawo St. Petersburg. A nhoroondo pfupi reguta vana - ndiko kunonyanya nyaya pamusoro Amber Room, izvo yanyangarika pashure pehondo uye haana kuwanikwa kusvikira ikozvino.

Muna 1955 nayo akavaka pevhu, akadzorera simba mitsetse, mvura uye zvimwe yebudiriro.

Kokutanga mukunopera 80 Ndiyo vanhu Leningrad ine mukurumbira - raiva ipapo mamiriyoni 5.

post-kweSoviet

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, guta akadzokera zita rayo munhoroondo - St. Petersburg. Nhoroondo guta vana uye vakuru, zvakare kuchinja kuerera negwara. makore 90, vanomumukira mutobvu kuti vasanyanye kwenhamba vemo.

A zvishoma pashure kunaya mupfungwa, guta riri kuita zvose kusimbisa musoro njere uye netsika guta. Mira pazvivako, unovandudzwa building, akavakazve nzvimbo.

Munguva 2000s, pakupedzisira akaberekwa mugari duku anova millionth shanu.

guta rino rine yayo mumhepo

mabhuku rimwe chete, mumwe haagoni kuvaka chidzidzo pamusoro "History of St. Petersburg" (2 kirasi zvidzidzo munhoroondo dzematunhu chesekondari).

All muna Peter: zvinosetsa, kusuruvara, vanhu vanoita munuhwi. Legends akadai Joseph Brodsky, Sergei Dovlatov, Alexander Bashlachev, Boris Grebenshchikov nevamwe zvifananidzo kumarudzi akawanda vayemura guta, vakararama.

Nokuti vaya vanoda kuedza kurarama nenzira yakapfuura nguva, munguva balls uye wakanyarara yokunyika kukurukura wakaisvonaka kutaura, zvinokosha kuuya St. Petersburg. Nhoroondo yeguta iri kunooneka zvivako, mumigwagwa, mweya emakore apfuura, kunyange mudenga.

Asi kune chaizvoizvo kuwira murudo Petro, unofanira kuuya kwaari.