Philip II Macedon: hondo Chaeroneia

Hondo Chaeronea akatora kusvika maviri nehafu makore chiuru akapfuura. Zvisinei, kuyeuka kwayo akararama kusvikira nhasi. Uyezve, zvimwe zvinhu zvichiri kukonzera gakava pakati dzekare uye vematongo. A hondo dudziro kunokonzera vaitirane nharo nechiGiriki uye Macedonian vanhu (necheSalvic Republic of Macedonia). On the world map, mutsva simba mamiriro, waiva kushandura nzira kare.

Uyewo, zviri Chaeronea kutanga akaratidza yakakurumbira Aleksandr Makedonsky.

zvikonzero

Mumakore 350 kubva BC kuri kuwedzera Macedonian umambo. tsika Greek kuchiri kuzivikanwa mudunhu. Panguva ino zvikuru Hellas pachayo iri ichiparara. Kune akawanda chose akazvimirira guta-inoti, vanonzi mitemo. Muchiitiko chino, State neimwe kunyange pachayo haisi simba iri kweItari. Vaiva inobudirira chaizvo mitero hurongwa, siyana evanhu masangano, uto raro. guta rimwe nerimwe aigona kuunganidza sezvo mauto uye nevarwi dzose. Panguva iyoyowo kazhinji vakanga kurwisana pakati mitemo. Kamwe panzvimbo imwe dzimwe mukurwisana, ipapo akashandisa mamwe womunin'ina simba uye kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro. VaGiriki vaishingaira kutengeserana East, uye kubva kuchamhembe. Zvisinei, anenge munhu wose kunze pachake, vaiona vaGiriki uye ruzivo mapenzi. Nokudaro anononoka diffusion tsika.

Rise of Macedonia

Macedonia aivawo kupfuura centralized simba. Zviremera zvaiitirwa maoko oligarchs, iro mambo akamira. Nekuti chigaro choushe reropa musazonetsanazve vakatora nzvimbo dzose.

Chinenge ose mambo Macedonia anourawa. Major basa munyika taitamba nemauto. The tsika anganzi muGiriki, asi wakachengetedza tsika dzeko yekare. Izvi misiyano duku vakanga vakaona pakarepo nevaGiriki. Vakazvidza vaMakedhoniya, kusanganisira hama dzavo vaGiriki. Panguva iyoyo iye Macedonia Zvishoma nezvishoma simba unonyanya munharaunda. Zvishoma nezvishoma iye akakunda Pang. Munyika ino paiva guru uwandu migodhi yendarama. Mambo Philip II vakaronga Kuwedzera simba uye vakagadzirira kukunda echiGiriki nyika.

Southing

Hondo pakati Macedonia uye Hellas havana chinhu chitsva uye vakanga refu ichi pamberi. Zvisinei, zvakanga pasi Philip mungozi kukunda Greece akasimuka. Uyewo, nokuda duku dzakasiyana uye zvitendero zvinenge chose kufanana kune ngozi kuitwa kwakaitika. Izvi zvimwe enyika vakakurumbira Greece akaziva sezvo zvakanaka. Somuenzaniso, Isocrates aidavira kuti yakasimba centralized simba anogona kuponesa Macedonia ichiparara vanhu mitemo. Asi vakawanda rinoti vatongi havana funga kubatana Firipi chinhu vaizotibata, vakanga vachida kumupa mutsindo kurambwa.

Muna 338 vokuMakedhoniya chichamuendesa kuna nevaMedhiya Greece mitemo.

Ehondo mapato: vokuMakedhoniya

Hondo Chaeronea vakasiya mibvunzo yakawanda, mhinduro iyo siyana dzekare kupa zvakasiyana. Mumwe ava - the yera uwandu mauto. Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva venhoroondo zvakasiyana vanowanzopedzisira tichiwedzeredza nhamba ehondo kunoshamisa zvikuru, yakakura, kana kuti zvimwe zvikonzero. The yakarurama kupfuura nhamba kweuto wokuMakedhoniya ndiyo nhamba yevanhu zviuru makumi matatu. Kwidza kuna Boeotia akanga akaronga kare. About iye vaiziva anofungidzirwa vehondo, uyewo mwanakomana wamambo - Alexander. baba vake vakadzidzisa Kubva pazera duku iye unyanzvi hondo, uye chose ake ezvinhu zvose. Panobva wehondo wokuMacedonia yakanga hondo dzose, basa kubva munyika uye muranda. Mumwe chikwata vaiva mureza-vatakuri Philip.

Vakanga vakabata kunyanya vane mapfumo, sesquioxides minondo uye nhoo. Rakashandiswa rawhide dzokurwa kana cheni tsamba dzokurwa. A rakakura muchinangwa hondo nguva idzodzo taitamba vamabhiza. Vatasvi vaiva vepamusoro uto munyika dzose. Kuwedzera zviuru makumi matatu vaifamba netsoka mambo akatora naye vemabhiza zviuru zviviri.

Ehondo mapato: nevaGiriki

Kugara hondo yeGirisi Macedonian vakabatsira kuti pave dzakananga nzira iri chiitiko ane nechisimba vokuMakedhoniya. City-inoti akanga guru yakaropafadzwa mauto. Panguva advanced kuunganidzwa varwi. Ose mugari aifanira neImba nemauto unyanzvi, uye umo kana kurwa muhondo. Vakawanda remubatanidzwa vaGiriki vaiva "hoplites". Izvi rinorema inifanduri. Vakanga vakabata-mutinhimira matatu pfumo, rinorema nhoo, munondo diki. Sezvo zvombo anoshandiswa chiedza dzokurwa, bracers, nengowani matsi. Hoplites mberi phalanx. In nechimwe chikwata, paiva nevanhu vanenge 250. Vakarwisa ari nemapoka yokufirwa kucheka matambudziko uye inoodza nhovo muvengi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hoplites akanga mumwe pfumo kukanda - museve. Anovhiringidza chete pamberi kurwisa.

kunodzidziswa zvechiuto zvichiitika kwemakore maviri. Hondo Chaeronea yekudyidzana akachinja nzira uye zvombo hoplites mune ramangwana.

Vachigadzirira kurwa

Uto Macedonian akatungamirira hondo pachedu Korol Kuvshinov. Hondo Chaeronea kwaiva kuva wokutanga nomuedzo chaiwo mauto matsva. Hondo yakanga zvishoma kunonoka, kuponesa simba. Kunyange zuva rokurwa huru mberi mapoka kare Akaongorora nzvimbo. VaGiriki akakwanisa kutora hwomutambarakede nzvimbo. Kune rumwe ruoko parutivi weuto ravo rakanga rakafukidzwa parwizi, uye kuno rumwe - Upland. VaGiriki vakauya navo varwi vanenge zviuru 30. Vazhinji vavo vakanga vanogara hoplites, uyewo varwi.

Ruzhinji remauto raiva inorema inifanduri, zvikuru ngozi pedyo muhondo, asi pane imwe anononoka chaizvo anofambisa. Vanhu vaiva ainyanya kubva Atene uye Thebes. Uyewo kudzivirira Hellas kwakauya kunozivikanwa "Sacred Band kweThebes."

Nezvenyaya iyi varume vakasarudzwa mazana matatu, mubati Suite uye yakanaka kukamurwa mutemo.

Philippe haana kudaro vazhinji inorema inifanduri, kufanana nevaGiriki. Saka akatanga rinokosha nzira. VaAtene vaizivikanwa ferocity kwavo pakurwa. Putsai morale yavo zvakanga zvakaoma. Zvisinei, rinorema nadzo nokukurumidza vane varwi aneta. Saka, vakawanda vakatora mari yakakura peltasts. Izvi varwi vekare vechiGiriki chiedza. Vakanga vakabata mapfumo nenhoo chiedza chedebwe. Panguva iyoyowo, akarwa pasina zvombo. Peltasts haana kutsvaka mukati merima muhondo. Vakakanda miseve muvengi kure. Kuwedzera izvi, veMakedhoniya vakanga vaishandisa zvipfuramabwe vachirwisa. Masoja aya haana zvinoda zvishoma kana pasina midziyo kunze chaiwo muhomwe. Vakanga vaisa matombo kuti vaishandisa zvipfuramabwe vachirwisa atemwa muvengi ane chaiyo tambo - muchipfuramabwe.

Alexander Mukuru akatungamirira zvakanaka-bapiro mauto - vamabhiza.

kurwisana

Hondo Chaeronea akatanga musi 2 August. Mauto yabuda pamberi. Philip akatungamirira phalanx. Akarayira vamabhiza maneuverable rworudyi bapiro Alexander Mukuru, mwanakomana Firipi, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore 18 okuberekwa. VaGiriki akamira pachikuva, sezvo zviri nyore kuti varwise. VokuMakedhoniya vo yabuda mubani. VaGiriki akaraira Hores, Marshal Stratocles, Theagenes nevamwe unhu vakakurumbira.

VaGiriki kutanga vakatamira kurwisa. Senguva dzose, vakanga vachitarisira kuti nhamba uye Qualitative ukuru kuonana mutsetse. A maminitsi mashomanana anonongedzera yokutanga kudivi kurwisa rakakiyiwa muhondo dzinotyisa. Coalition mauto inishuwarenzi kuramba zvakasimba mashandiro uye kuvhara muvengi.

Mhiri pakatarisana hondo yakatanga mikukutu kurwisana. Kakawanda, ivo akakunda vaya vaigona kuchengeta chete hurongwa uye kusunda muvengi nhovo rusvingo, nguva nenguva achikanda zvibhakera. Nokuda nechisikirwo iyi hondo yose ehondo akanga akasungwa uye kunyimwa mikana kufambisa. Harungashandurwi mugumisiro kurwa Aleksandr Makedonsky. Hondo Chaeronea vaGiriki sokuti kuhwina. Ivo achinyatsokumbira vakarwa uye chakatsindirwa vokuMakedhoniya. Zvino Firipi akapa kuti shure. Advanced Mauto akatanga shure uye zvakasimba yakavharwa pamisara yavo.

vanyatsoparadzwa

VaGiriki akazviona, akashatirwa. Paiva kuchema "kudzingana Macedonia mwoyo!" Hoplites vakamhanya achitevera. Zvisinei, kutonga kwacho yakatyora chinyakare hurongwa. Mambo aiziva nemigumisiro izvi, sezvo vakashandisa nzira dzakafanana mune hondo pamwe Thracians. Kamwe vaGiriki vakaputsa ayo kuitira, peltasts uye vaishandisa zvipfuramabwe vachirwisa vakatanga kukanda mapfumo kuuya. Panguva iyoyo, Alexander uye vamabhiza akakwanisa kupaza mauto muvengi uye vaswedere vokuAtene kutiza. Kukundikana zvaireva parutivi kurwisa kubva kurutivi uye zvakatipoteredza, vakakoniwa kuramba hoplites. Vakatanga kutiza, vachisiya nhoo dzavo. Uye kurasikirwa nhovo raiva guru chinyadzo kuti murwi. Uye kuratidzwa "kudzokera kuna nhovo kana nhoo."

migumisiro

Maererano Diodorus, ikawira pamusoro chiuru nevaGiriki muhondo, akaonekwa kaviri muutapwa. Yakaparadzwa Sacred Band kweThebes zvachose. Haana kudzosa pasi, uye vachikushira miseve veMakedhonia nevaGiriki. City Chaeronea maigara tsarist mauto musi iwoyo. Nzira huru weGirisi wakavhurwa. Pashure pokukundwa Union of Maguta Chaeronea Macedonia pamepu kuti Europe yakawedzera kusvika hafu. City-inoti vakanga akunda uye wakanyengwa kubhadhara mutero. Uyewo Continental Hellas akapika mhiko kuna mambo Macedonian (kunze Sparta). Negore Hondo Chaeronea nyika yokutanga vakadzidza pamusoro Aleksandra Velikogo.