Astronomical Pulkovo Observatory

Pulkovo Observatory - nesangano riri chokuita zvikuru munhoroondo yose Russian yezvenyeredzi. Pakutanga yaishandiswa sezvo nzvimbo zvakawanika, zvakanga zvakafanira tsaukana mabhizimusi tsarist umambo. Observatory akasikwa uye kugadzirisa zvinetso hunobatsira yezvenyeredzi. Huro yaro huru yakaitwa musi 08.19.1839, ari

History of pakusikwa Observatories National

Wakatangwa Peter Mukuru kudzidza zvakawanda sayenzi chaiyo uye dzavo dzinoshanda mafomu. Panguva iyoyo ndakagamuchira kwakawedzerwa kuti kukura nyeredzi uye kuti pave nokubudirira wamambo waaida yakadaro kubva wekushandisa. Vatariri kumativi England uye Denmark, Peter I achaita edza kushanyira nyika idzi akashongedzerwa isinganzwisisiki Observatory.

Muna 1724 akatanga Academy of Sciences. pashure pegore, kuvhurika reRussia yokutanga zvenyeredzi Observatory, razova imwe dzakanakisisa muEurope. Petr Veliky Aizvirumbidza huru yokusimbisa tsika. All zvinowanikwa panguva iyo midziyo yakaratidza pamusoro guru rapanzvimbo tsvakurudzo.

Panovhurwa Pulkovo Observatory

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve inotangwa kuchikoro chitsva yezvenyeredzi. Izvi zvakatungamirira kuti paumbwe sangano ichi chitsva nemunhu. Dzakava Pulkovo Observatory, vane chivako rakavakwa yakakurumbira mapurani A. P. Bryullova. zvikuru nyore nzvimbo akasarudzwa kuti chivako ichi.

Pulkovo Observatory yakavakwa pamusoro pechikomo, ane nekukwirira 75 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Ukuwo Pulkovo akapoteredzwa Mafuro. Izvi zvinobvumira kudzivisa mukuvhiringidza kuferefeta nezvokukanganisa mhute uye guruva uye kuti vabudirire zvinodiwa pachena kuti mhepo zvaakacherechedza. Uyezve, V. Ya. Struve, uyo akazova mutungamiriri tsika yokutanga, aiva nechokwadi chokuti kure kuchamhembe guta guru namanomwe makiromita vachava kubatsira vanoongorora nyeredzi, pasina achivapa mukana kuti unakirwe.

chikuru mabasa

Pulkovo Observatory kubva buri raro akabatanidzwa zvikuru basa iri kukura nyeredzi. Muchiitiko chino, zviri chakakodzera pakuzivikanwa se yokuongorora zvomuchadenga guta guru munyika. Nemhaka kuitwa Observatory V. Ya. Struve aiva ichangoburwa kuitira nguva zvokushandisa uye zvokushandisa. Uyezve, ayo muraibhurari mari kwaisanganisira zvakanakisisa muunganidzwa unyanzvi mabhuku.

Observatory zvinangwa zvayo mubumbiro. The chikuru zvebasa zvakange kugadzirisa pakutsvakurudza netsvimbo iri sezvinotevera:

- zvachose uye panguva imwe chete kuvandudzika zvakawanika dzinobatsira kubudirira nyeredzi;

- Kugadzirwa zvakawanika, migumisiro zvakange zvakakosha kuti Empire, uyewo nzvimbo uye basa rayo mishoni;

- atingaite uvandudze dzinoshanda zvomuchadenga, kwadzakabva wayo rwendo uye jogirafi.

midziyo

Kusarudza inoshamisa Observatory midziyo akaberekwa V. Ya. Struve. Muchiitiko chino, Vasily Yakovlevich aibva kunzwisisa chii wataura sayenzi kudenga panguva, uyewo zvakafanotaurwa kupfuura fungidzira shanduro yaro kukura hwakajeka.

ake tsvakurudzo tsvimbo pamberi V. Ya. Struve akaisa basa kuziva trajectory inofamba nyeredzi, uyewo kuona marefu kuti mitumbi iyi yokudenga. In kukura kwake yakasiyana nedzimwe simba midziyo chakagadzirirwa nechokwadi inodiwa rakarurama remapazi rakachengetedzwa yakavakwa.

zvimwe zvidzidzo

Basa pa Pulkovo akava achikura uye zvakasimba. Mune sixties ari nemipfumbamwe remakore vakatanga kunzi astrophysical tsvakurudzo. Chinangwa chavo chaiva kuwana ari spectral kuongorora uye kudzidza kuchinja kukubwinya akatisiyira miviri. Pakupera rokupedzisira remakore rakatanga kuitwa basa Photographic astrometry mhando uye hurongwa yokudenga. Uyezve, akataura yakaitwa kwezuva uye nematanda paNyika vadzidza kufamba.

Zvinonzi kuti pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri ari Pulkovo Observatory achiri mumwe kupfuura munyika. Zvisinei, mamiriro yokuongorora zvomuchadenga muzinda wenyika, akanga atova akarasika. Pulkovo Observatory ari supervisory urongwa kwazvo, asi hazvina kumira pa musoro Newest dzinoitwa basa nesayenzi. chinangwa chacho chikuru chaiva kuunganidza siyana observational Data uye kujekesa mamwe mashoko.

The Soviet kumwedzi

Mumakore simba Soviet ari Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory kamwe zvakare munzira nokukurumidza kupora uye kugadzira mabasa ayo. MuSoviet Union akazarura nzvimbo itsva pakuongorora miviri yokudenga. Akakurumidza akatanga kuonekwa uye ezvemuchadenga mifananidzo.

Pulkovo Observatory vaakagamuchira itsva wakaoma, izvo akabvumira kuti matambudziko akawanda zvesayenzi dzisinganyatsooneki. Chaioneka muNzvimbo pakagadzwa hombe rezuva kugadzwa - littrovsky spectrograph. Akarega kare muna 1923 kutanga kudzidza zuva kutenderera. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvichiitika kudzidza mananara kuitika mumuviri yokudenga. Izvi anobvumirwa kuita spectrographs tridtsatidyuymovom refractor.

Chimwe chishandiso itsva takagadzirira iyi Observatory muna Pulkovo. Vakava boka astrograph. Ari akabvumira kutanga-siyana zveBhaibheri pamusoro Galactic rima nyaya, uyewo nemamiriro hweGwara Way. Mukuwedzera, Observatory iri vakagadzirira pamwe chinokosha zvivako uye namano kuti zvinokosha astrometric ano uye Astrographic tsvakurudzo.

Panguva udzvanyiriri kuitwa makore Stalin kutonga, akakuvadzwa uye Pulkovo. vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi zhinji vakapomerwa munyaya masangano zvemagandanga uye vakaurayiwa.

Kubva pakutanga hondo 1941-1945, ari Observatory akanga pasi German kubhomba. Somugumisiro zvose zvivako ayo akaparadza, asi vakawanda midziyo uye rakasiyana raibhurari nekuponeswa.

kupora

Munguva yehondo, vamwe vashandi Observatory vakaenda mberi, nepo vamwe vaigara uye aishanda Tashkent Observatory. Mushure Victory Great, vanoongorora nyeredzi vakaramba kushanda, gara pamukova kwakavakirwa kweArctic Institute, riri pana Fontanka, 38.

Kubvira muna 1946, kudzorerwa Observatory panguva yekare nzvimbo. Muna 1954 zvakanzi rakavhurwa. Nokufamba basa kwakaita ichadzorerwa pre-hondo masangano functionality. Zviridzwa vapenyu kwakaguma kushanda ezvinhu, upgraded uye akatanga kushandiswa pakutsvakurudza zvakare. Mukuwedzera, midziyo akanga vaisanganisa dvadtsatishestidyuymovym refractor teresikopu, munhu Photographic polar teresikopu, akatisiyira interferometer, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Migumisiro yebasa

Pulkovo Observatory, izvo kare zvinopupurira kukosha kupfungwa ichi, kufambidzana nomumwe anoramba pokutsvakurudza basa iri fronts zhinji. Zviri pano kuti nzira yambokurukurwa pamusoro muchadenga zvaanorumbidza, nokupa kuona chaiyo nzvimbo chenyeredzi. Uyezve, masayendisiti ari Pulkovo Observatory kuumba Directory, izvo zvinogona waizoratidza anodudzira emapoka uye nyeredzi. Data nokuti mhedziso iyi vakava Photographic zvaanorumbidza. Masayendisiti Observatory akadzidza nyeredzi yavo yemapuraneti gadziriro. Zvabuda avapo munguva refu chichiitwa oparesheni. Uyewo dzidziso mumhepo refraction yambokurukurwa.

The Pulkovo Observatory inoitwa dzakatevedzana zvidzidzo zvakange hunoshamisa nyeredzi matongo. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera: kumhanya kuonekwa, izvo dzitendererane mapuraneti makuru, asimbise experimentally kusabatana pamarin'i puraneti Saturn, uchapupu kuti nyeredzi yokutanga spectral zvidzidzo tenderera ari kumhanya, uye etc.

matavi

Home Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory ane mahofisi. Ivowo basa inokosha. Saka Observatory nyanzvi ndakazvisika Kislovodsk Mountain Astronomical Station, uyewo murabhoritari muna Blagoveshchensk. Bazi Simeiz muna 1945 vakava nhengo Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.

aona Pulkovo

Main Astronomical Observatory weRussia - inzvimbo anonakidza zvikuru. Visitors havagoni kubatsira kunzwa kuti vari zvakasiyana chaizvo.

Pulkovo Observatory anoronga excursions kwete chete zuva asiwo usiku. Kwavari pane rokutanga chinyorwa. The nguva kungava chinhu. Zvose zvinoenderana kuda nevashanyi.

Excursions muna Pulkovo Observatory iri vhiki yakatarwa chete kana mamiriro ekunze akanaka. Asi sezvo mutemo, mapoka kuunganidza pakupera kwevhiki. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vanoda kushanyira Observatory musi weMugovera neSvondo Entry chinotanga Wednesday kana Thursday.

Pulkovo Observatory Tours zvinopiwa nemapoka kuumbwa, izvo zvinosanganisira uye makirasi chikoro. Nyanzvi dzezvomuchadenga uye masayendisiti vashanyi zivisa nhoroondo pakusika tsika. Vaudze pamusoro zvinofadza mananara kuchengetwa muchadenga, uye akabva abvumirwa kunyange kunakirwa miviri yokudenga, achidongorera panguva teresikopu, yaiva pasi retractable remba uye Kukosa denderedzwa. Panguva dzakadaro, chero sightseer vanogona kunzwa sokuti musayendisiti chaiye. Pamanheru rwokuparidza vashanyi rakazaruka anopenya pamusoro nyika yose nenyika dzinotenderera pariri pamusoro murima denga, uye nyeredzi masumbu. Panguva excursions aida kushanyira Observatory Museum uye vanoona firimu muchadenga zvinhu 3D.

Fun uye kufamba kuburikidza Pulkovo chikomo. On ndima yayo unogona kuona zvivako zvakawanda oddly zvakaumbwa uye vasingazivikanwi chinangwa. Mukuwedzera, mupaki chisingazivi ukasvikira ruzha rweguta, kune vazhinji mapuroteni. Vanogona zvokudya zvakananga kubva mumaoko. Duration of revashanyi riri maawa maviri, uye rinodhura - mukati rubles mazana mashanu.

Interesting uye zvinoshamisa nzvimbo ndiye Pulkovo Observatory. Kero tsika - Pulkovo Highway 65.

miziyamu

Tours ichiitwa kuti vakuru nevana, vashanyi pamwe kare nyeredzi Russian sainzi, uyewo yaro chipo vazive. Exhibits Anowanikwa miziyamu, riri huru pakuvaka Pulkovo Observatory, - a kadambari uye kuyera midziyo, kuongorora zviridzwa, optics kubva materesikopu kupfuura kare emakore. Rinotaurawo akaisa Portraits pakati vanoongorora nyeredzi uye masayendisiti kare.

Museum of Pulkovo Observatory iri munzvimbo kujairika. Nepakati ayo Round Hall inopfuura ari Meridian. Inonzi "Pulkovo".

Kungwarira matsva Zvakawanikwa uye kuitika nezvenyeredzi zvino haana kudaro kuoma. Pulkovo Observatory ane paIndaneti (http: // www Gao Spb kuti ru ...). Kushanyira izvozvo, unogona kudzidza pamusoro ichangobva muchadenga mabhuku, verenga nhau uye kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro kare uye chipo "sayenzi yokudenga."