Nharaunda yeChelyabinsk nzvimbo: nhamba, basa, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu

Pasi pemakomo eUral, pamuganhu weEurope uye Asia, nzvimbo yeChelyabinsk iripo. Nyika idzi dzakakurumbira nokuda kwezvakasiyana-siyana, mhizha dzine simba uye vanhu. Vagari vomunharaunda yeCheababinsk vanozvirumbidza nevakambozvarwa matarenda, saVi Zhukovsky, D. Mendeleev, I. Kurchatov.

Geography yenzvimbo yeChelyabinsk

Iyi nzvimbo iri pakati nepakati peUreal, pakati pevakidzani vakakura seSverdlovsk, Orenburg, Kurgan mahara, Bashkortostan neKazakhstan. Nharaunda yenharaunda yacho ndeye 88.5000 square meters. Km. Yakawanda yenharaunda iri paTrans-Ural uye nechekuchamhembe kweSiberia Siberia, chikamu chiduku chinosvika kumabvazuva kwekumusoro kweUral mountain range. Kununurwa kwenzvimbo dzomunharaunda kwakasiyana zvikuru: kune makomo, masango, makungwa, makomo nemapani. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yenharaunda iyi ndiGomo Nurlat (1400 m). Nharaunda yacho yakazara mumvura inonzi hydrosi, ruzivo rworwizi runorongwa nenzizi nhatu huru: Kama, Tobol uye Ural. Pano kunzvimbo dzavo dzepamusoro dziripo, saka nzizi hadzina simba iro rinozivikanwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Asi huwandu hwezvakabva kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye hurumende dzinoita kuti mvura iwane zvakanaka munzvimbo.

Pakazara, pane nharaunda dzinenge mazana mashanu dzemazana akasiyana. Iyi nzvimbo inopfuma zvikuru mumaminerari. Muchidimbu chemagnesite, graphite, talc uye dolomite, nharaunda yacho inonyanya kugadzirisa muRussia. Mafuta nemafuta emagasi zvakare akawanikwa uye akavakwa pano. Iyo yakasiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo yeCheababinsk ndeyokuti inowanikwa pakarepo munzvimbo 4 yemasango: masango, steppe, masango-steppe uye gomo-taiga. Nokudaro, kune fuma yakawanda kwazvo nemhuka, uye kune mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekukura mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka akadaro akaita kuti vanhu vagare pano kwenguva yakareba kare.

Mamiriro okunze uye zvipenyu

Nharaunda yeChelyabinsk iri munzvimbo yekunyika yekutonhora kwemhepo ine nguva yakawanda yechando uye yechando inopisa. Makomo eUral haabvumiri kupinda mukati memasasa emhepo kubva kuAtlantic kuenda kunharaunda, uye vanochengetedza anticyclones kubva kuAsia zvakanaka. Ivhareji inotonhora munguva yechando inodarika zvidimbu 17, muzhizha - pamwe ne16. Vagari veChelyabinsk nzvimbo kwemakore mazhinji vakabudirira kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze ezvo uye vakadzidza kukura munharaunda yakawanda yezvirimwa zvekurima.

Ecology mune imwe nzvimbo umo nhamba yakawanda yemakambani ekugadzira uye nemiti ari kushanda zvinokonzera kushungurudzika. Pasinei nekuti nhepfenyuro yehutsanana inotaura kuti zvinhu zvose zviri mumiganhu yezvisizvo, zvisinei, pamusuwo wemaguta makuru ane ziso rakashama raioneka. Uye vagari vanotaura kuti kune zvakawanda zve soti mumhepo, iyo inogara pazvinhu zvose.

Nhoroondo yekugadzirisa

Vanhu vokutanga mundima yeChelyabinsk yemazuva ano vakaonekwa munguva yePaleolithic. Muzana remakore rechi17 nemakore rechi16 BC. E. Pano paiva nehupfumi hwechirevo cheguta, zviyeuchidzo zvekare kare zvinogona kuonekwa muArkaim zvakachengetwa uye mumupanga wePatiev. Mumazuva matsva pano vaigara vaScythia, Saks neSarmatians. Gare gare vakatsiviwa neHuns, Turks uye Protomagyars. Munguva yenyika inobatwa neuto reMongol-Tatar, idzi nharaunda dzakava chikamu cheumambo hwavo. Nhau itsva inotanga muzana remakore rechi18, apo nhare yeChelyabinsk ichivakwa. Muna 1744 nyika idzi dzakava rutivi rwepurovhinzi yeOrenburg. Gare gare ivo vakafanirwa kune mamwe mahofisi ehurumende. Chete muna 1943 nharaunda yakawana maitiro ayo. Vagari venharaunda yeKeababinsk vakashanda nesimba mune zviitiko zvezvakaitika zvenyika, uye nhasi nzvimbo iyo inokosha chikamu chekutengeserana kweRussia.

Administrative division uye neguta reKeababinsk

Nzvimbo yeChelyabinsk (maererano nemurairo wa2006) inogoverwa mumasitadhi gumi nematanhatu uye maguta makumi maviri nemaviri emumatare. Munharaunda yemaguta 27 chete uye misha 1244 yakasiyana-siyana. Kana tikatarisa vanhu veKeababinsk nzvimbo nemaguta, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti maguta makuru munharaunda iyi Chelyabinsk (1 mamiriyoni 200 vanhu vanhu) uye Magnitogorsk (417 000 vanhu). Mamwe emisha yacho ari maduku zvikuru muhuwandu hwevagari vemo. Maguta ane vanhu ve100 kusvika 200 zviuru zvitatu bedzi: Chrysostom, Miass, Kopeysk. Zvizhinji zvezvose munharaunda yemataundi maduku ane vanhu vanopfuura makumi maviri nezviuru. Vatungamiri, avo vane unyanzvi hunosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu munharaunda yeChelyabinsk, vanocherechedza simba rehuwandu hwevanhu uye zvinyorwa kuti kune tsika yekuderedza nhamba yevagari vedzimba duku munzvimbo. Vagari vemumisha vari kuwedzera kuenda kumaguta vachitsvaga basa.

Population dynamics

Kurongedza zvakananga vanhu veKeababinsk nzvimbo yakatanga muna 1959. Zvadaro nzvimbo yacho yaiva mamiriyoni maviri evanhu 976 zviuru. Kwemakore makumi matatu anotevera nyika yakakura zvishoma, uye muna 1991 kwaive nemamiriyoni 3 evanhu 700 000. Kubva perestroika, nguva refu yekuderera kwenhamba yevanhu vari munzvimbo iyi yatanga. Kwemakore makumi maviri iyo yakaderera nema 300 zviuru zvevanhu. Kubvira muna 2012, kukura kunononoka kwakatanga, uye nhasi vagari venyika yeKeababinsk vanosvika mamiriyoni mazana mashanu evanhu zviuru mazana mashanu. Kuwedzera kukuru kweizvi kunoratidza maguta makuru munharaunda: Chelyabinsk neMagnitogorsk.

Economy of the region

Iyo nzvimbo inoratidza hutano hwakanaka huri kubudirira. Iko mashizha makuru munharaunda iyi metallurgy, kuvaka makemikari, makambani emakemikari, magetsi, magetsi eredhiyo, nyukliya inoshandiswa, uyewo mabasa uye kushandiswa. Kuzvikudza kwenharaunda iyi - metallurgical enterprises, munharaunda yacho inoshandisawo 16 mabhizimusi makuru emabhizimisi, ayo anogadzira zvinenge 60% zvezvinhu zvose zvemidziyo zvenyika. Pachikonzero chekuita kwayo michina yemasallurgical kune 9 mabhizimisi makuru ekuvaka mabhizimusi. Dhipatimendi rekushandira munzvimbo yeKeababinsk inofungidzira kuti 48% yevagari vemo vanogara vachishanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira munzvimbo. Nzvimbo yehupfumi hwenyika iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma mune zvekudya uye zvebasa. Kurapa kwekumba kunobata basa rakanaka rekupa iyo nzvimbo nezvinhu zvakakosha michero: miriwo, chingwa, nyama, mishonga yemakaka.

Basa revanhu

Nhamba dzinoratidza basa rakagadzikana revanhu veKeababinsk. Muna 2016, kushaya mabasa kune 2%, iyo inowanikwa muzana wekwenyika. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabhizimisi ezvemabhizimisi zvinobvumirwa kuwana basa kune vose vanokwanisa uye vasina kudzidza, varume nevakadzi. Dambudziko rezvemari munyika inoita kuti basa risanyanya kuoma, saka kushaiwa kwemabasa kwakawedzera 0,5% kwegore. Zvisinei, nhamba dzinoratidza kuti mumataundi maduku uye misha yekumaruwa basa riri kuwedzera, iro rinotungamirira kumabasa ekushanda kwevanhu. Vagari vanogadziriswa zvakare munharaunda yacho: vanobva kumisha vachienda kumaguta. Chikamu chevanhu vanoita zuva nezuva kuenda kunzvimbo yebasa muguta.

Nhamba dzevanhu vanoona nezvehuwandu hwevanhu vemuChelyabinsk

Nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo yehuwandu hwemunharaunda inoratidzwa neKeababinsk - vanenge 2200 vanhu pa 1 sq. Km. Km, muMagnitogorsk iyi parameter inenge vanhu 1000, uye kuwanda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu munharaunda yacho chete vanhu 39 chete pa 1 sq. Km. Km. Kuparadzaniswa kwepabonde pakati pevagari vemo munharaunda yose-yeRussia: varume 1,594 vanokwana vakadzi 1,844. Izvo zvakakosha mumamiriro ehupfumi munharaunda inoita kuti chokwadi chekuti chizvarwa cheChelyabinsk chinowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuberekwa kwekuzvarwa mumakore achangopfuura kwave kuchikura, asi zvakadaro haukwanisi kupedza kufa. Nokudaro, kune zvishoma zvishoma zvisina simba zvehuwandu hwevanhu vanogara munharaunda yacho, asi mamiriro ezvinhu akachengetedzwa nekufamba.