Nhepfenyuro yenyika ndiyo chiratidzo chekugara kwenyika

Mu macroeconomics kune chinhu chakadai semari yenyika. Iyi ndiyo chiratidzo chezvemari chinoratidza huwandu hwemari inowanikwa yevose vanogara munyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiratidzo ichi chinoratidzirwa sehuwandu kwete kwete chete nemigumisiro yemabasa emari mukati memiganhu yenyika, asiwo kunze kwayo (mari yevagari vanobva kune dzimwe nyika inofungidzirwa), pamwe nemari inobhadharwa kune dzimwe nyika.

Iko mari inowanikwa munyika ndeyemari yemari yemari yakatora yenyika iyo yakapinda mutengo wakazara wenyika yose, uye iyo inobhadhara iyo yakagamuchirwa kubva kune imwe nyika kune imwe yenyika yemari inopiwa kunze kwenyika. Ichi chinoratidzwa chinogonawo kuverengwa semari yemari yose (mubhadharo, mari yezvikamu, zvisungo, chido chekuisa mari, nezvimwewo) yemapazi ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu.

Kwenguva yekutanga yekufungisisa mari inowanikwa munyika yose muga woga kubva pamabasa anobudirira, vakavamba veMarxism-Leninism vakava vatsigiri. Mupiyona, "baba" wechiratidzo ichi waiva U. Petit - munyori wechiEngland. Kuenderera mberi nekudzidzisa kwake kwakagadzirwa nePhysiocrats, A. Smith naD. D. Ricardo. Zvisinei, hapana mumwe wavo akanga ane simba rakakwana kuti anzwisise zvakakwana pfungwa iyi semutengo wenyika. Izvi zvakaitwa chete K. Marx. Ndiye iye akatanga kutarisa kwete mari yezvikamu zvose zvevanhu, asiwo kukosha kwezvakabuda. Marx ndiye akanga ari wekutanga kutarisa zvakasiyana nemafungiro akadaro sehomwe yekushandisa mari uye pfungwa yakadaro sekuunganidza mari. Akapawo tsanangudzo yakazara yechinangwa chimwe nechimwe, achitsanangura basa ravo rinorema. Dzidziso inoshamisa yeMarx yakapfuurirwa naVen Lenin.

Panguva ino, pane nhamba huru yekududzirwa kwekutonga kwevakasika makuru, asi ose, pakupedzisira, ane zvinoreva zvakafanana.

Nhepfenyuro yenyika ndiyo mutsauko pakati pechenesheni chenyika yakachena uye mitero isina kukodzera. Uyewo pano zvinokwanisika kusanganisira rubatsiro uye zvipo zvakapiwa nehurumende kumabhizimisi. Saizvozvowo, kana tikatarisa chiratidzo ichi sechigadziriswa chekambani rose kana kuti huchangobva kusikwa kukosha. Net national product (PPP) chiratidzo chinomiririra musiyano pakati penyika yakawanda yemari inowanikwa uye madhimoni ekuderedza.

Nzira dzakasiyana dzinogona kushandiswa kuverenga mari yenyika. IUSSR yakashandisa nzira yekugadzira. Inopfupikisa zvakakonzerwa nemakambani ose, kushandiswa kwega kwega, kunosangana nemhando dzakasiyana dzeimba. Mushure mokunge, danho rinotevera nderekuverenga zvinhu zvose zvekubhadhara zvinotengeswa pakugadzirwa. Kana kubvisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvekushandisa kubva kune zvakakosha, zvinodiwa zvinodiwa zvinowanikwa - iyo nyika inowanikwa. Chimiro chinoratidzika seizvi:

VP - M3 = ND, kupi

VP - kukohwa kukuru; M3 - mari yezvinhu; ND - mari yenyika.

Mushure mokuongorora imwe shizimusi nekuwedzera zviratidzo zvinoguma, iwe unogona kuwana mari yenyika yenyika.

Purogiramu yakawanda, yakasikwa yegore, ine zvikamu zviviri - zvitsva zvakasikwa uye zvakagadzirwa kare. Somuenzaniso, mufekitari inobereka fenirini, funga nezvezvinhu, zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakashandiswa pakugadzira fenicha. Asi izvi zvinyorwa zvatove zvichitotarisirwa pfiniti. Nokudaro, paunenge uchiverenga mari yakawandisa, mari yepamusoro inogona kuitika, iyo isingagoni kutaurwa pamusoro pemari yenyika (nokuti mari yose haibvumirwi).