Nerevane maumbirwo epithelial tishu. The nemamiriro epithelial uye connective tishu

Jira - kuva masero uye intercellular fuma. Rine zvakajairika zviri nemamiriro anoita rakafanana. In muviri mhando ina zvinyama: epithelial, achitya, tsandanyama uye connective.

Sechivako epithelial dzevanhu nyama uye mhuka akaita, pakutanga kwezvose, localization kwayo. Epithelial zvinyama ndiwo muganhu rukoko masero lining muviri integuments, mucous membranes ari zvomukati uye in. Uyewo, yakawanda simbi mumuviri aumbwa epithelium.

General unhu

Sechivako epithelial zvinyama ane nhamba zvinhu tinoberekwa chete epithelium. The chikuru chinhu ndechokuti jira pacharwo chimiro kuramba rukoko masero kuti vari pedyo kuonana nomumwe.

Epithelium lining hukawanika zvose mumuviri, une chimiro inotungamirwa, nepo muna chiropa, rwatata, thyroid, mate omumuviri, uye vamwe zviri nesumbu masero. Muchiitiko chokutanga nayo anoiswa pamusoro zimba Kamudzira mekuparadzanisa epithelium kubva connective tishu. Asi pane kunze, kana maumbirwo epithelial uye connective zvinyama kuonekwa akapoteredza kudyidzana kwavo. Zvikurukuru munyika nhengo dzinobudisa ino, kuti alternation pamusoro epithelial uye connective tishu masero. Izvi rworudzi epithelium anonzi atypical.

High rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe chinzvimbo - nderimwe chepfungwa epithelium.

Masero Polar pamusoro rinenge iyo anokonzerwa musiyano basal uye apical zvikamu muchitokisi centre.

Sechivako epithelial zvinyama kunonyanya kukonzerwa kumuganhu nzvimbo yayo, izvo zvinozoita inoita epithelium chinhu kubatana inokosha nedanho exchange. zvinyama ichi rinobatanidzwa Absorção de Água muviri kubva ura mumaoko weti kuparadzana ropa uye node, kuburikidza itsvo epithelia uye saizvozvo. On. Newewo unogona kukanganwa pamusoro unodzivirira basa, ndiko kudzivirira munyama kubva kukuvadza.

Mamiriro acho akaita zimba Kamudzira, zvinoratidza kuti rine yakawanda mucopolysaccharides, uyewo richikurukura fibrils yakanaka.

Sezvo vakaisa epithelial tishu?

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako epithelial zvinyama mhuka uye vanhu dzinongoita zvinosiyana chokuti kukura kwayo rinoitwa ose matatu utachiona akaturikidzana. Nyaya iyi ndiwo maitiro chete iyi mhando rejira. Ectoderm tibvunze kuti ganda epithelium, nemumuromo mhango, rebei chikamu yegurokuro, cornea; endoderm - the epithelium of nemudumbu; uye mesoderm - the epithelium of Urinary nadzo uye serous membranes.

In embryo budiriro anotanga kuumbika mu tanga nezvishoma. Sezvo anoumba munhu zvakakwana mari placental epithelial zvinyama, ndicho Thaazhika kupanana zvinhu pakati mai uye mudumbu.

Kuramba kuvimbika epithelial masero

Nesungano pakati vakavakidzana masero pakugadzirwa zvinogoneka nokuda pamberi desmosomes. Ichi chinokosha vakawanda maumbirwo submicroscopic saizi, iyo ine sezvikamu zviviri. Mumwe nomumwe wavo, thickening mune dzimwe nzvimbo, anopindura kuti pedyo hukawanika masero akavakidzana. The mutswe-kufanana musiyano pakati sezvikamu zviviri desmosomes ndiyo carbohydrate kuitika fuma.

Muzviitiko apo intercellular dzezvimwe vari rakafara, desmosomes chiri panzvimbo kumigumo dzakatarira bulging cytoplasm kuonana masero. Kana tikatarisa vaviri bulging nemaikorosikopu, uchaona kuti vane chimiro intercellular mabhiriji.

Munguva duku ura musono kuperera iri nekugadzirwa Fusion foni membranes ose pedyo masero mumunda kunyorerana. nzvimbo dzakadaro kazhinji vachinzi achitevera ndiro.

Pane zvimwe zviitiko apo pasina chinokosha hurongwa kuti kuvimbika. Zvadaro kuonana pedyo masero ari kuitwa kuonana pakati sandara hukawanika kana Achitsaudzira masero. Kumicheto masero anogona imbricate bindepinde.

The nemamiriro epithelial tishu masero

Chaiwo zviri epithelial zvinyama masero vari pamberi ravo pemvura plasma membrane.

Masero munyaya hurumende ichiisa metabolic zvigadzirwa mu plasma Kamudzira pamusoro basal chikamu sero muviri kuchengetwa Kumbofungatira.

Masero Epithelial - vanonzi Sayenzi masero achiumba epithelial tishu. Zvakakurukurwa chimiro, basa masero epithelial zvine chokuita. Saka, maererano muchimiro mugove wavo flat, cubic uye columnar. Musimboti rikunde euchromatin, saka ine chiedza ruvara. Chinoumba munhu panzvimbo guru, chimiro chayo machisi chimiro masero.

Ataurwa polarity kunokonzera nzvimbo nuclei iri basal kacho mitochondria vari pamusoro payo, kuti Golgi midziyo uye centrioles. In masero, secretory kushanda kuita kunyanya yakatanga zvakanaka endoplasmic reticulum uye Golgi yakaoma. Epithelium kuona mukuru zvokuimba mutoro masero ari maitiro avo ane chaiwo pemavara - tonofibrils izvo zvakapa kuti chipingamupinyi aida kudzivirira masero pamusoro deformation.

microvilli

Vamwe masero, kana panzvimbo dzavo cytoplasm panyika zvingaite duku, akatungamirira outwards, growths - microvilli. Remasangano sumbu dziripo pamusoro apical pemvura epithelium iri ura diki uye zvikuru zvikamu convoluted tubules etsvo. Nokuda yakafanana nokurongwa microvilli iri romukati lining pamusoro intestinal epithelium uye itsvo bhurasho muganhu rinoparadza vari kuumbwa, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa pasi Manyiminya maikorosikopu. Mukuwedzera, microvilli munzvimbo idzi dzine wandei makemikari.

kupatsanura

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako epithelial zvinyama munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana inotipa patsanura navo vanoverengeka chikonzero.

Zvichienderana Maumbirwe epithelium masero zvinogona cylindrical, cubic, uye sandara, uye zvichienderana nzvimbo masero - mumwe-rukoko uye multilayer.

Uyewo secrete munhu glandular epithelium, rinoitwa munyika secretory kushanda muviri.

A chete-rukoko epithelium

Zita rimwe chete paiva epithelium yakajeka, zvose masero dziri pamusoro zimba Kamudzira mune rimwe rukoko. Kana chimiro masero ose ndiro (kureva. E. Vane isomorphic) uye sero nuclei vari panguva iyoyo yakati sandara, uti pamusoro chete musara epithelia. Kana monolayer epithelium masero vakachengeta alternation maumbirwo siyana, nuclei dzavo dziri pamwero yakasiyana-siyana, izvozvo anizomorfny kana pseudostratified epithelium.

stratified epithelium

In multilayered epithelium chete rezasi rukoko neVadzidzi zimba Kamudzira nezvimwe akaturikidzana iri pamusoro payo. Maumbirwe masero dzakasiyana akaturikidzana akasiyana. Mamiriro epithelial zvinyama kwakadai kunoita kuti kusarudza mhando wandei multilayered epithelium zvichienderana chimiro uye mamiriro rokunze rukoko masero: munhu multilayer sandara multilayered keratinizing (iripo keratinized zviyero panyika), Multi neorogovevayuschy.

Kune vanonzi Transitional epithelium lining vari nhengo dzose dziri excretory hurongwa. Zvichienderana kana muviri ipfupi kana rwakatambanudzwa, chinokosha inova yakasiyana chimiro. Saka, rive dete pamusoro epithelium iri ezvinhu kuti aumbe akaturikidzana maviri masero tensile dundira - basal uye chokuyananisa. Uye kana dundira iri compressed (yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa) chimiro epithelial rinenge richikora zvinoshamisa, basal rukoko masero vari polymorphs uye nuclei dzavo vari yakasiyana siyana. masero Coverslips wana peya chimiro uye vari laminated pane mumwe.

Gistogeneticheskaja kupatsanura pakati epithelia

The nemamiriro epithelial zvinyama mhuka uye vanhu kazhinji nyaya kwesainzi uye zvokurapa. Muzviitiko izvi, kushandisa gistogenetichekuyu kupatsanura vanowanzobatwa yakataurwa academician N. G. Hlopinym. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, muri mhando mashanu epithelium. Chokuratidza ndechokuti chii pedzidziso dzekutanga dzichiri munyama panguva embryogenesis.

1. Epidermal mufananidzo, kutanga akapiwa ectoderm uye prechordal ndiro.

2. Enterodermalny mufananidzo, kukura iro kwakakonzerwa intestinal endoderm.

3. Tselonefrodermalny mhando, yakatanga kubva coelomic lining uye nephrotomy.

4. Angiodermalny mufananidzo, kukura iyo yakatanga kubva mugove mesenchyme, achiumba vascular endothelium, unonzi angioblasts.

5. Ependimoglialny mhando, iro rakatanga akapa Neural chubhu.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako epithelial tishu Anoumba mumasero

Glandular epithelium anoita secretory ushande. Izvi mhando rejira ndiyo dzakaunganidzwa glandular (secretory) masero anonzi granulocytes. basa ravo kuti pave kwetunhu uye voga kuti zvimwe zvinhu - zvakavanzika.

Zviri nokuda secretion muviri anogona kuita zvakawanda zvinokosha mabasa. Mumasero secrete zvakavanzika pamusoro ganda uye mucous membranes, mukati in vanoverengeka nhengo dzomukati, uyewo muropa uye node. Muchiitiko chokutanga, tiri exocrine, uye wechipiri - of kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero.

Exocrine secretion kunoita kuti pave mukaka (hadzi muviri), gastric uye intestinal facial, nemate, bile, ziya uye sebum. Zvakavanzwa kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero ndivo mahormone kuti aite humoral murau mumuviri.

The mamiriro kwaiita epithelial zvinyama angava akasiyana nokuti kuti granulocytes anogona kutora zvitarisiko siyana. Izvi zvinoenderana secretion danho.

Vose Mhando mumasero (kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye exocrine) ringaumbwa rimwe sero (sero benyu) kana muzvizhinji masero (zvipuka zvine masero akawanda).