Mhando pakuongorora. Types uye siyana Statistical zvichiongororwa

Pashure kuverenga nyaya ino, uchadzidza ndezvipi zvakasiyana siyana, mhando uye nzira pakuongorora. Zviri mubvunzo yavaive yavo nhamba. Tinopa takurukura mhando zvakawanika zvinoshandiswa nebazi iri zivo. Aifanira kusarudza mashoko muunganidzwa Ipfungwa zvikaonekwa kuti pane mhando wandei zvichiongororwa. Vakasiyana kazhinji nenzira iyo zvinhu zviri kucherechedzwa nguva. Kubva nemaonero ichi, zvinotevera mhando Zvingaonekwa: hurongwa, nguva nenguva uye bundu pakuverengwa.

The hurongwa, nguva nenguva uye imwe-nguva ongororo

Enderana pakuongorora, iro rinoitwa dzichimhanya uye sezvo pane zvinoratidza mubereko chinonakidza inonzi ano. Kwakavakirwa ine anodiwa mashoko kuti characterization pamusoro Chiitiko magwaro zvikuru chaizvo wakakwana.

Periodic zvichiongororwa chiri kuitwa kuburikidza zvimwe nguva zvikamu. Somuenzaniso, yevagari vaverengwe.

Kana Maonero rinoitwa nguva nenguva, hakuna kunyatsoteerera periodicity, kana kana munhu-kure, chiri chimwe-nguva akataura.

Discontinuous uye kuramba zvichiongororwa

Mhando pakuongorora mune nhamba dziri dzinounzwa inobva ruzivo kusiyana tichitarisa zvizere mishumo vemo. Kusiyanisa panyaya iyi, discontinuous uye chinopfuurira. Wokupedzisira anonzi, iyo inorangarira zviumbu zvese kubaya vemo pasina anosara. Zvisinei, kwete nguva dzose kukodzera uye zvinoita sangano rake, kunyanya kana totaura unhu kuzvidzora. Kuramba zvichiongororwa iyi nyaya zvinotungamirira ndechokuti yezvinoreva kushandiswa vakawanda kugadzirwa emakambani dziripowo. Saka, zvakakodzera kuti tiite zvishomanana (discontinuous) rucherechedzo. It inorangarira chete chikamu vemo dzakabatana uye zvinopa pfungwa yacho Chiitiko rose, ayo nevamwe zvinhu.

Kuramba pamwe nezvimiro, mhando uye nzira pakuongorora, tinoona kuti asiri chichiitwa pakuongorora ane zvinotevera zvakwakanakira:

1) anoda ndoda kukurukurirana mari uye basa sezvo tichienzanisa yakasimba, nokuti zvinoderedza uwandu muongororo dzakabatana;

2) kuunganidza mashoko ari zvichibvira yakakura chirongwa uye munguva pfupi kuti akazaruka zvizere nemiganhu kunyanya afarira isu pamwe chete kuita zvikuru kudzidza nayo;

3) kwacho Data inoshandiswa nokudzora discontinuous zvinhu agadzirira chaiparira;

4) ichi mhando zvinofanira mumiririri (mumiririri).

Pakusarudza kwacho dzakabatana apo noncontinuous

Discontinuous akataura zvakajeka nezvatinovavarira mune chaiyo chikamu zviyero, izvo zvinoita kuti vawane igadzikane zvatariswa generalize vanhu vose. In muitiro nhamba,-siyana dzokudzidzisa pakuongorora. The chatingatevedzera discontinuous Chokwadi, muduku migumisiro vakawana chaiparira. Kunyange zvakadaro, mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinogona chete kuva non-chichiitwa rucherechedzo.

Zvidzidzo kuti dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa vanosarudzwa nenzira yakadaro kuti, pachishandiswa mashoko unganidzwa pamusoro pavo kuti zvakarurama pfungwa pamusoro mananara mubereko rose. Somugumisiro, mumwe mukuru zviri discontinuous pakuongorora ndechokuti muzvizhinji kuti kusarudzwa zviumbu dzakarongwa nenzira dzinotevera:

- monographic;

- huru muviri;

- zvakabudiswa;

- remibvunzo.

Method chikuru muviri

Selection imwe yakatarwa vezvikwata, izvo zvakazadza vadzidza chikabviswa kunosanganisira nzira huru hondo. Zvisinei, hazvina kudaro unowanzoshandiswa kana rikashandiswa discontinuous chitarisiko uye nzira kuona izvi haripi kusarudzwa chete avo zvinhu zvinomiririra vanhu vose, uye nhengo dzawo dzose. Selection nomukombiyuta huru muviri unoitwa kana kutorwa chinokosha, chikuru uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kuti mukunde pahwaro ari akadzidza zvavo zvachose uremu.

mharidzo tsvakurudzo

Kuti tiwane muzvizhinji kuti maitiro yose chikamu vezvikwata ayo, uchishandisa pakuongorora yakasarudzwa iyo inobva misimboti dzokuenzanisira. In musimboti ichi, kuti kurongwa hunhu Kusarudza runovimbisa kuchengeteka migumisiro, anonyevera kutsvetera.

tsananguro monographic

We kutsivira mhando nokuongororwa monographic tsananguro. Zviri chaiwo pakuongorora iri nhamba mhando. Ichi chidzidzo imwe Generic chinhu, izvo Zvinofadza panyaya nevamwe vose hwakadzama.

Ndivo mhando huru vasiri chichiitwa rucherechedzo.

General uwandu hwevanhu uye zvakabudiswa

Generalizing ari muzvizhinji kuti zviratidzo ari mharidzo nzira yakasimbiswa pachishandiswa chikamu (panzvimbo diki - vanenge 5-10%). In yevanhu iyi iyo kusarudzwa chikamu zviyero, kazhinji unonzi mukuru. Chikamu chikwata kuti yave akasarudzwa anonzi yose mharidzo (zvimwe - mharidzo). A kudzidza achishandisa zvakabudiswa nzira rinoitwa pamwe risingamboshandisi zvekushandisa mari uye basa, uye munguva pfupi. Izvi zvinoderedza kunyoresa zvikanganiso uye kunonatsiridza kunyatsoshanda.

Pokushandisa zvakabudiswa nzira uchidzidzira

Richirondedzera Mhando chikuru zvakawanika, hatigoni kugara mharidzo, inova dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Ndiye zvinogoneka chete kana chigadzirwa yepamusoro kuzvidzora chete anogona kuparadza. Miti iyi vakagovera mune departmental uye hurumende nhamba (kudzidza bhajeti vashandi mhuri, vanhuwo zvavo, vashandi, uye dzimba mamiriro). Uyewo nevakawanda vari kutengeserana (kubudirira itsva siyana mufambiro ayo, kudiwa fuma population) uye vamwe.

Zvakabudiswa nzira - chokwadi, boka guru nzira, iyo yakasiyana mumwe. Kazhinji, vari kwakavakirwa nheyo vakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa vemo.

Mienzaniso kushandiswa zvakabudiswa nzira

Mienzaniso zvakawanika vanoratidza kushandisa kwavo. Heino mienzaniso mishomanana vanosarudza uye uchanzwisisa mamiriro ayo nani. Chinonyanya hunonzi nayo yakatanga nhasi nokuti non-kuramba nokuti zvakavakirwa panheyo asingashumbi zvakabudiswa. chikwata chimwe nechimwe pamwe vakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa ine mukana yokuva vakatora. Munguva riparadzirwe rotari Somuenzaniso, vakashandisa nheyo iyi nekuti Mubayiro wakaenzana mukana iripo nokuda matikiti zvose. Kana SWEDERA ndiyewo vakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa inoshandiswa. . Kana zviuru 10 vadzidzi sarudza 1000 kuti kudzidza mabasa avo, zvinogona kuitwa sezvinotevera: pamusoro yoga zvidimbu zvemapepa nyora mazita vadzidzi uye tinongoita Mumuvhomorerewo muna 1000.

Kudzokorora-vakasununguka uye akadzokorora zvakabudiswa

Sezvo kudzokorora-vakasununguka, uye zvinogona kudzokororwa asingashumbi zvakabudiswa. In tsika, kazhinji aidzokorora-akasununguka, kuti rwuripowo mharidzo hadzisisina haana kudzokera shure kune vakawanda vakawanda, uye saka uwandu ichangopfuura kunodzikira dzose nguva. Rotari anokwevera tora nzvimbo zano iri. The yasarudzwa chikwata apo kuzodzosera kusarudzwa zviri vakadzokera zvavo vakawanda. Somugumisiro, nhamba yokupedzisira anoramba kuchinja mune nedanho mharidzo ongororo. Kana isu kuna muenzaniso wedu vadzidzi, tinogona kuona zvinotevera: mune iyi, nokudyidzana pepa nezita rimwe tsaona vakasarudzwa, akadzokera zvakare kutsigira zvakare uye aigona kuwana mharidzo.

Nzira kusarudzwa nyanzvi

Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti hapana zvinhu zvakadai kuronga rinovharidzira komiti kana munhu arege kuva nomugumisiro. Mune mamwe manzwi, zvakafanira kuti vakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa musimboti achakudzwa. Zvisinei, mune tsika dzayo Implementation kunowanzoomera. Kune nhamba, izvo hunodzorwa kusarudzwa nzira nyanzvi. Izvi imhaka ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, zvinoda nzvimbo kusarudzwa zvinhu kuverenga mutengo indices, kana mune paumbwe Zvinoumba "matengu" zvekuongorora mari vapenyu. Kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru zvakarurama Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kuramba nzira vakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa. Zvisinei, kutsvakurudza zvinhu sezvazviri akarasika uye dzimwe nguva kune marudzi akasiyana zvokuongorora notupukanana, nokuti zvinoenderana kana ichi iri nyanzvi zvinodiwa.

Mechanical (enderana) Kusarudzwa

Kazhinji, mune tsika, zvokuimba (enderana) vakasarudzwa. Toti, kubva 10 zviuru. Vadzidzi vanofanira kutora chiuru. Muchiitiko chino, saizvozvo vose vakomana vari akarongwa earufabheti uye akabva atora zvose chegumi chazvo.

Sezvo penguva iyi nyaya akaenzana 10, kuitwa pamwe 10% kuongorora (10,000 yakakamurwa 1000). Kana ari pamusoro gumi aiva mudzidzi rechitatu (unogona kusarudza nemijenya), vakasarudzwa zviri iyi ichava rechi13, yechi23, 33th ... 9993rd. The hurongwa selection, tinoona kuti vakawanda vanochengeta mechanically akakamurwa dzinoverengeka mumapoka, rimwe hadzisisina yabviswa nerimwe (mu muenzaniso uyu - mumwe mudzidzi). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvemaziso (enderana) Kusarudzwa anogara kudzokorora-free. Zvinokoshawo kuti asimbise kuti vakasarudzwa chikwata kana kuparadzirwa zvakaenzana mhiri yevagari.

Nzira rucherechedzo mune nhamba

Zvakakosha kusiyanisa nzira uye mhando Statistical rucherechedzo. Last, zvatichangobva kuona, tava kuenda zvino kudzidza nzira. Chokwadi ndechokuti siyana pakuongorora vangazivikanwa pasinei nzira uye pakuwana zvikuru mabhuku mashoko. Sokuona ichi, anokudzwa vhidhiyo pakuongorora, ongororo uye yakananga rucherechedzo.

Zvakananga - ndiwo murindi riri anoitwa kuverengwa, kuyera tsika dzimwe hunhu nokuda readout mano vanhu kuitakura (ainzi Registrar).

Nokuda kuti dzimwe nzira uye mhando Statistical zvichiongororwa hazvigoni kushandisirwa, voitakura kunze kazhinji achishandisa imwe nyora mibvunzo ongororo. In rinokosha pazvinhu mhinduro. Munokudzwa, zvichienderana mapiro zvavari vagamuchira, uye tsamba vorega, uyewo kuzvipira nzira. Takurukura muchidimbu tsanangura mumwe nomumwe wavo.

Rwendo nenzira chaiyo repamutemo (forwarder yemabhuku) nomuromo. munhu uyu anozadza kubuda pokuongorora chimiro kana chimiro.

Dzomupepanhau nzira kurongwa tichibatsirwa munhu no muongororo anoumba rimwe boka revanhu akagadzirira zvakanaka (anonzi correspondents). vanhu ava maererano chibvumirano vanofanira kupedza chimiro uye ipapo kuidzosera sangano. Muongororo yakaitwa kubudikidza vaizviita cheki kunoitika kana kwete kupedza fomu nomazvo. Kufanana dzomupepanhau muitiro nemibvunzo akazara vacho pachavo, asi avo muunganidzwa uye kuparadzira, uyewo kudzora zvakarurama uye akazadza mirayiridzo kuitwa counter.

Marudzi zvokuongorora iri nhamba

Uchifunga siyana, nzira, mhando Statistical pakuongorora, hatina achingotaura pamusoro siyana. Ivo vatatu: Register zvikuru-rakarongeka zvichiongororwa uye nhau. Sezvaunogona kuona, mhando uye siyana Statistical nekuonekwa - kwete zvimwe chetezvo. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa musiyano therebetween.

Kuzvidavirira - huru muchimiro cherechedzo. Achibatsirwa ehurumende nhamba miviri kubva mumasangano uye mabhizimisi mashoko ari muchimiro chasainwa vakuru vanhu rokuzvidavirira magwaro.

Zvikuru-rakarongeka nekuonekwa - kuunganidzwa kwemashoko zvichaita kuronga masangano Statistical chidzidzo handina kufukidza nhau zviitiko, kana kuti kupfuura kunyatsodzidza rokuzvidavirira data, avo kunatsiridzwa uye chivimbo chakasimba. Zvinotora chimiro dzakasiyana-siyana kuongorora uye kwevanhu.

Isu zvinorondedzerwa anenge ose makuru nzira, mhando uye marudzi Statistical rucherechedzo. Pakanga chete rokupedzisira chimiro - zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo. Zvinotora nzvimbo panyaya kuramba richiona pamusoro pezvakaitwa achitora nzvimbo kwenguva refu, vane chaicho pakutanga, budiriro uye magumo. Akaramba zvinhu mamiriro dzakabatana ngadzirambe pamwe chete. In Statistical tsika, kusiyanisa mabhizimisi evoruzhinji uye uwandu hwevanhu evoruzhinji. Ekupedzisira vanogara actualized uye zita mazita vagari munyika. Enterprises rinopa makambani nemarudzi ose mabasa kwoupfumi uye tsika zvimwe zvinhu zvechadenga nechimwe chikwata.

Saka, takurukura siyana, nzira, mhando Statistical rucherechedzo. Ichokwadi, hatina akabata pamusoro pavo zvishomanana chete, asi tataura chinonyanya kukosha.