Ndivanaani Gauls muRoma yekare?

Kuti tinzwisise kuti Gauls, zvakakwana kureva yekare nhoroondo Europe. madzinza izvi vaigara chii zvino France muna V-I emakore. BC. e. By mavambo ndivo vaCelt, izvo zvinoita pamwechete ipapo varidzi UK uye Ireland. The Gauls vakanga uchikundwa nevaRoma, kana pane, Yuliem Tsezarem. Zvadaro zvishoma nezvishoma Romanized uye vakarasikirwa midzi yavo.

mavambo

VaCelt - ndicho kuti Gauls ari Mupfungwa yakazara kuti urudzi yavo. Kuva nhengo nevakawanda tsika dzechihedheni dzokuEurope kuchamhembe Rome, vakanga zvose maitiro zviri boka iri. Gauls sorudzi yakaumbwa muna VII remakore BC. e. munzvimbo pakati Rhine uye Upper Danube. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vakatamira kumavirira uye vakagara munzvimbo vemazuva ano France.

The IV remakore BC. e. Gauls akaita dzakawanda hasha mishandirapamwe pamusoro vavakidzani vavo. Mugore 397 BC. e. Ivo akarwisa Etruscans, vaigara pamahombekombe erwizi Po, uye muna 390 BC. e. kunyange akarwisa Rome, kunyange kuedza kwavo guta, wakaguma kukundikana. Murongi uye inspirer mushandirapamwe kuItaly aiva mutungamiri Brennus.

Simuka uye Fall

Kumabvazuva, nzvimbo dzokugara vaHedheni yakasvika muBohemia uye Danube. Muna III remakore BC. e. ivo vakarwa Macedonia, simba pashure dzinotevedzana hondo. Ndivanaani Gauls? Vaivawo varwi inokosha. mabasa avo vari kushandiswa Carthaginian rwevanhu Hannibal, kwemakore akawanda akarwa weRoma Republic. The Gauls vakanga paku kubudirira uto Punic mu Hondo Cannae muna 216 BC. e.

Flowering boka iri akawira madzinza III remakore BC. e. At kukokwa gavhuna weBhitiniya Nicomedes I pakati Gauls, iyeni takatamira Asia Minor. Ikoko pakuzivikanwa se mabhisikiti, yakavambwa ezvinhu matsva rinonzi muGaratiya. Muna II remakore BC. e. VaCelt vakatanga kutambura kukundwa navavakidzani vavo. akarova miviri pakupera ichi remakore Gaul. Kune rimwe divi Romans pakupedzisira akakunda ano kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Pane idzva Republican rweRoma Narbonne Gaul akasikwa. Ukuwo pamusoro vaCelt, kumusoro uye kumabvazuva vakarwisa madzinza German (Teutons uye Cimbrians). Vakaparadza kukadzikama pamberi Gaul. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vaCelt dzakamanikidzwa kubva Central Europe uye Germany.

romanization

Dzinouraya kune Gauls aiva kukundwa vari kurwa vaRoma mumakore 59-51. BC. e. Hondo Republic akaraira Yuliy Tsezar. Mukuru yakakunda Gaul zvose uye akaita chikamu kusaroora. Zvisinei, Caesar akaziva kuti nhokwe kuti kukunda chokupedzisira hakuna zviripo. Chekutanga, Gaul haana pakarepo akava rweRoma. Chechipiri, inenge chetatu marudzi vakagamuchira chinzvimbo pakati vatsigiri reRepublic, kana kungoti vakasununguka vanhu. Ndicho kuti Gauls muRoma yekare.

Muitiro Romanization akanga zvishoma nezvishoma. Mukuwedzera, chehurumende vakaisa mutero vade uye kuhondo nokuda Gauls. Izvi zvakaitwa yekufadza vaCelt uye kudzivirira kumukira nezvombo. Asi kusagutsikana utongi Roman vachiri. Muzana I remakore muGaul akaputsa yokumukira akawanda. Zvisinei, dzaiitwa mumapoka maduku kana mumapepanhau, kana kunyadziswa zvechiuto uye havana nokudenga National hunhu. Gaelic akazofa pamusoro VI remakore. It chakatsiva anotaurwa Latin, iyo yakava akatangira French ano.

Varanda Gaul

Kuedza kupindura mubvunzo uyo galls izvi, zvakakodzera kutarisa maumbirwo vanhu zvavo. Kufanana nevanhu vakawanda kare, vakanga rakakamurwa vakasununguka uye varanda. Zvavakaita zvakanga zvakafanana nezvaiva varanda Mediterranean. Nhasi, akavimbika kupfuura zvinhu pamusoro galls zviri manotsi romutungamiriri Yuliya Tsezarya. Zvinokosha kuti iye akapotsa haana kutsanangura ukama chokusarudza vanhu uye varanda, sezvo mirairo iyi vaiva dzakafanana Roman.

Kana kufa Jinda, pamusoro matsva guva akapisa varanda vake. Varanda rudzi urwu kwave zvishoma, sezvo vakawanda vasungwa vavo Vakabayira vanamwari vechihedheni, uye ivo vaiva boka chikuru varanda akatora itsva.

Ziva uye murombo

Free vagari Gaul yakakamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu: asi druids (vapristi) kuziva uye vanhuwo zvavo. Muchikamu Panyanzvi nzanga akanga asiri pakati. Society akanga chaizvo stratified maererano zvakanaka. The chete mukana nyore vanhu vaiva varombo vanhuwo zvavo vake vakawanda. Vakasara avo ezvinhu akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa.

Ndivanaani Gauls nyika? Vakanga kuti vaCelt, avo mirairo yenyika zvakadai kuti vanhuwo vanhu zvakanyanya pachena mabasa, mukusiyana kune imwe vaRoma, apo paiva democratic masangano. Kudzivirira zvavanoda vanhuwo akatevera patronage yomuchinda murume, uye chaizvoizvo akawira muusungwa.

danho akadaro aigona kusundira chikwereti Gaul, kukuvadza kwemitero, uyewo kushungurudzwa nevamwe vanokudzwa navo. Free vanhuwo vaigona kuva varanda. Ukuwo, magariro erevheta ari muchiuto basa pamberi pavo aigara yakazaruka. Noumhare uye heroism inowanzonzi haana kudzokera chete rusununguko, asi ivaiwo chikamu kwamachinda. Vanhu vakamhanyira mukuru uye nedare, rinoumbwa vamiririri anokudzwa zvikuru uye simba mhuri.

Hondo Gauls

Panobva wehondo Gallic aiva vamabhiza. VaCelt vakasiya kushandiswa kwengoro. Basa iri vamabhiza kwaiva nyaya nomukurumbira, vakazongofa ropafadzo munzanga. Kuedza tsanangura kuti Gauls uye Thracians uye nevamwe vanhu kare, kazhinji kare vanotaura nayo kumutungamiriri kuongorora. Zviri yakatofanana vanhu. vamabhiza Beloved nzira dzakanga nokukurumidza kurwisa vakaungana kuti tibatane vatasvi. Vavengi kazhinji haana kuchengeta zvakasimba yakanyatsobatana musoro kwakadaro uye vakatiza.

Sezvineiwo, dzimwe nguva Gallic inifanduri akarwa kunyange ruoko kuisa. The melee aiva mumaoko nenhoo, yaiitwa pamusoro musoro gobvu chivako kufungisisa kurwiswa uye nemiseve. Ndivanaani Gauls, uye ravaigara? namagariro avo akapararira pamusoro yose France ano uye Belgium. Paunoenda varwi pakuparwa pamwero mukuru hondo (somuenzaniso, panyaya yevaRoma kurwiswa), muuto havasi chete vamiririri nenzvimbo dzakasiyana munzvimbo nemapoka evanhu, asi vanhu munzira dzakasiyana kushandisa rechiuto unyanzvi. Kazhinji, chikuru hondo uye kudiwa kushandisa reserves, kashoma nyanzvi yakanga inifanduri ake.

chitarisiko

Kushaya mashoko akavimbika zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti mutsika yanhasi yakaumbwa mune kwakajairika nenzira Gaul chisingazivi nguva dzose uwirirane chokwadi chenhau. Somuenzaniso, muHedheni izvi (sezvo Middle Ages) ichifananidzwa varefu achena vanhu. Zviratidzo izvi ndezvemamiriro northerners zvose European. Zvinhu izvi vari kurerekera weGermany uye Air.

Asi ndivanaani Gauls, uye zvavakanga vakatarira akaita? Skeletal zvisaririra kuwanikwa nevanochera panzvimbo kupaka, dzinoratidza kuti nezvavanenge sezvamunoita zvakanga zvakasiyana chaizvo. The Gauls vakanga kwete chete marefu uye akanaka. Panguva iyoyowo vanyori vekare vakaona tsika dzavo mukuru nokungwarira kuongorora kuchena yavowo.

Zvikurukuru, Gauls vaiva bvudzi refu (kusanganisira murume), vashamba nesuko mvura (izvo, sezvinei, zvakakonzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwokungoderedza shag). ivo vakada mhando dzose ndebvu uye mustaches. Dzinowanzoitwa nenhumbi akafanana zvamaoko nezvomumutsipa. Gauls shangu dzaiva emapuranga inotsika. Chinokodzera yakasiyana kushanda uye mukurumari, sezvo izvi muHedheni nounyanzvi nyanzvi kugadzira nzvimbo dzomuviri.

chitendero

Kunzwisisa nzvimbo chomweya muupenyu vaHedheni rinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti Gauls. Life uye chitendero rudzi urwu kunge akanyatsotevera zvakanyatsobatana. Chinhu chimwe kutenda Gauls vaiva chitendero zvakasikwa. Verenga miti, masango, mashiripiti zvirimwa. The vaCelt vainamata mvura - zvitubu, nzizi, madziva, nzizi nemakungwa. The Gauls vaidavira kuvapo zvitubu uye vakafunga nzvimbo ino, zvakavigwa pakadzika mumatenhere, unoyera.

Ndivanaani Gauls muRoma yekare uye kwavaigara, vanyori vezvakaitika ano vanoziva chete kuburikidza Chidimbu ruzivo. Izvi zvinoshandawo chitendero. Knowledge nezvezvinotendwa kugashidzanwa pakati Gauls kubudikidza nemumuromo retelling. Naizvozvo, pashure pokufa yebudiriro akasasiya zvinyorwa nechitendero vahedheni Rakanyorwa.

Druids

Kirasi revapristi zvakasiyana kubva Gauls insularity, sezvinoita ndudzi dzakawanda kare. Zvisinei, zvakanga vapristi vavo noruzhinji zvinhu. Chekutanga, zita ravo haana nhaka, chinofanira chichiwanikwa zvakadzama ruzivo kutenda kwavo. Chechipiri, kuti Druids havana chete vaprista. Vakaita sezvo vatongi, vanorapa uye nyanzvi.

In tsika dzavo vapristi vaishandisa mistletoe. Zvaidavirwa kuti gwenzi ichi ane mashiripiti ehupfumi. Mistletoe yaishandiswa kurapa uyewo mijenya, uye zvichaitika. Druids kuita chibayiro. For mhemberero dzakadaro chakaitwa "The Wicker Man" - kamuri iri muchimiro muviri, umo vanhu vakaurayiwa nokuda mutsika zvinangwa. avake Izvi rakagadzirwa wakagadzirwa nembariro. Sezvineiwo, Druids vachiri cannibals.