The Roman Republic

Mushure kudzingwa ane anomanikidza uye okumanikidza Tarquinius Superbus kuRoma hurumende Republican. (. 509 - 27 BC) Roman Republic yakaitwa maitikiro maviri munhau yacho: vanonzi mangwanani (509-265 BC.) Uye mushakabvu (264-27 BC). Republic. Panguva inotungamirwa yaro muRoma nokukurumidza kutanga kugadzira, izvo vakabatsira zvikuru munzanga kuchinja.

The mamiriro ezvinhu weRoma yekare iyi anosanganisa zviri revatongi uye democratic. The neropafadzo kwamachinda muridzi - mupfumi vapfumi slaveholders.

Ndakamira muRoma vaiva avo chete vakanga rusununguko, mhuri uye nekodzero. The yose vakawanda yakakamurwa kupinda akasununguka uye nhapwa. Aimbova, akavapindurawo, chakaita kuti mapoka maviri kirasi: pamusoro mupfumi romuranda-varidzi uye madiki vaburitsi (varimi uye mhizha, iyo iri pedyo uye omumaguta murombo). Varanda vakanga anazvo neHurumende kana private vanhu.

Roman Republic akavaita huru kushandiswa kirasi. Uranda mabhuku vakatorwa senhapwa muhondo, uyewo kutanga kuita samoprodazha. Simba varidzi varanda vasina kurambidzwa.

By norudzi zvose vakasununguka Vagari reRepublic yakakamurwa vagari uye Rukodzi runonzi (navatorwa). Vagari vave varanda uye reVakasununguka, asi vakanga zvakawanda kodzero dzavo.

Pashure II -II mu. BC chero kirasi ropafadzo - ava vanokudzwa (vapfumi patricians uye plebs muromo) navatasvi (wezvokutengeserana uye mari zivai Varidzi). Kubatanidzwa paungano, uyewo kuchengeta gosdolzhnosti kugona saimba chete - musoro wemhuri.

Enyika yeRoma Republic zvokuti. The soro mamiriro zviremera zvinotevera: dare, vanhu congresses uye akapedza kudzidza. Assembly People yaiva mhando nhatu: centuriata, tributa uye kuriatnye. Huru basa rakanga reDare misangano centuriata. Pakazosvika pakati III. BC Gungano mamiriro achinja. Ivo wakatozviitirwa vakaisawo kwete chete vairemekedzwa uye akapfuma nevaranda, uye mumwe nomumwe nematomhu wezvizvarwa vakapfuma akatanga kuratidza chete nhamba emakore. In kutsanangurwa kugona kwavo kuitwa mitemo, yapinda muhondo, zvichemo ezvirevo rufu.

Kukosha mune socio-enyika upenyu reDare Seneti. Kunyange zvazvo zviri pamutemo kwaiva Advisory muviri, asi ayo simba uye mashandiro vaiva zvemari, zvemitemo, chitendero Chitendero mapindu, ruzhinji kuchengeteka uye dzimwe negwaro.

Public hofisi makadanirwa magistracy. Vakanga rakakamurwa dzose (munhuwo) romukova consuls, censors, vatongi, quaestors, etc. uye hunoshamisa (hunoshamisa) akasikwa panguva ezvinhu okukurumidzira: hondo etc. kumukira Maererano weSeneti, vanofanira kugadza vadzvinyiriri.

The Roman Republic kwaibva mauto, iyo vakaita zvikuru rinokosha muupenyu ehurumende. Panguva iyoyo wokumwe mutemo akanga dzinoratidzwa anenge enderera hondo. Paiva hondo pamwe muCarthage kuti nhaka Western reMediterranean (makore anenge 120, kubva 264 BC kusvika 146 BC, rwakatora Punic Wars). Uyewo panguva iyi azvidavirire hondo neSiriya uye Macedonia. By 146 BC Roman Republic chigaro ukuru kwayo pamusoro Mediterranean.

Development muranda munzanga nguva zvokuvhoterwa kwakakonzera kusembura yake mumagariro uye neboka kuzvipokanidza. In II. BC. e. dambudziko kwakatanga polis sangano.

Pokuwa zvokuvhoterwa Akaperekedzwa zviitiko zvakadai maviri Sicilian muranda kumukira pasi murayiro Spartacus (74-70 gg.do BC), kurwisana pakati makuru nemadiki Varidzi, Revolutionary kwebasa vokumaruwa plebs vanotungamirirwa nomudzimu Gracchi hama omubatanidzwa hondo obscheitaliyskim kupandukira simba reRoma, yakaguma pakatangwa udzvinyiriri pakati Musandu, uye ipapo - Kesari.