Native nyika - chii? Rinoreva "muchaenga"

Pakutanga, pachoto - mwari pre-Roman, vakarinda imba, kana pane, vakamira vakarinda edibles mhuri nokuti penus rinoshandurwa se "pandiri", uye vazhinji vanodavira kuti zita vachengeti yokudenga zvakaitika chaipo shoko. Gare gare, muna Roman mungano, kwave kunamatwa naPenates, anosanganisira vose vanoitisana eimba. Kazhinji chengetedza mhuri Roman akanga naPenates maviri. Saka anonamatwa madzitateguru.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

Sezvo kakawanda, chaiyoiyo kududzirwa Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti harisi. Cicero anobvumira paumbwe zita kubva pashoko penitus - kurarama mukati. Naizvozvo, nomudetembi wechiRoma, kusiyana Russian, uyo iri izwi akanga kusimba yakakurumbira, asi nenzira yakasiyana dudziro, kazhinji akataura vanamwari izvi Penetrales, kana "rakapinza". Pachoto - munhu mumhuri huMwari kungova navaranda mwarikadzi Vesta - vemba. Maererano nengano, mambo Rome wechipiri, Numa Pompilius akavaka mutemberi wokutanga Vesta, mwarikadzi. Mukatikati chakagadzirwa mugove inonzi Pen (kubva penetralia - zvemukati chakavanzika mupanda dzimba kana tembere). It chakatsigirwa moto usingaperi, uye voruzhinji naPenates yaichengeterwawo. Zvikuru zvinogamuchirika Pfungwa nezvemavambo zita wavamwari uri kubva pamoyo temberi Vesta.

Vachengeti Empire

Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi muRoma yekare Penaty - ari mumhuri zvifananidzo, asi anochengetedza ehurumende uye yose vanhu veRoma kwete chete. Mugore Latin pfungwa iyi sezvinotevera: naPenates Publici Populi Romani.

Nhoroondo kwaita paruzhinji naPenates muRoma yekare haina kuzivikanwa vamwe. Uninitiated nezvazvo dukuduku vaiziva, okuchengetera yavo rave yakafukidzwa chakavanzika. Zvaidavirwa kuti vakauya Eniasi kubva Troy. Uye chii dzinomirira, vanozivikanwa chete nevapristi uye Vestal - Vashumiri kunamatwa Vesta. Asi zvaifungwa kuti voruzhinji naPenates - Nde neKijuni Rome. Ivo dzairinda umambo uye aiva kiyi kubudirira uye rugare rwose vanhu.

Cute, mhuri, mhuka dzinovaraidza ...

Asiwo hwemazuva neterafimi vakanga aida uye kukudzwa. Clay uye matanda mufananidzo mumabhatiri ari oga yokuchinjira mbatya kuchikoro chiri pa wechoto. Hatina dzatoona kuti kunamatwa naPenates akaziviswa pamwe anonamatwa madzitateguru. Pet vachengeti, vari hanya mhuri, vaiva vabereki vakafa kana chete akaita zvifananidzo, zvose vakabatana pasi yakajeka rokuremekedza "yechizvarigo." Uye zvose kumarudzi raiva dzinongoitika uye munogamuchirwazve kwavari, pasinei kure munhu aiva. Native imba, pokugara, shandai kwagara kune vanhu vakawanda chinotungamirira chiedza muupenyu.

Changing zvinoreva izwi

Zvishoma nezvishoma zvazvaiva anodiwa kuimba yababa, kuti zvitoro uye kunodzivirira munhu kubva pauduku, chikatsiviwa mufananidzo wemhuri wechoto. Uye mashoko okuti "chizvarwa nyika" akarega embody vamwari muchengeti. Zvava kwakafanana imba yababa vake. Uye asingadi wose kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanaka, kana akavaratidza munhu-wadhi akamutumidza muchaenga. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuudza backstory. Zvino pane Real Estate sangano rinonzi "yechizvarigo." Eya, Chokwadi, mazita vanyori Aireva unodziya Apartments kuti anogona kuva musha wemadzitateguru, kwete vamwe vamwari. Pachoto vemikova womumwe nguva, mumwe tsika. Asi kuburikidza kwemakore, wakapfuura zvose inodziya uye inodikanwa, iyo chokuita pakati kuunganidza inotenderedza, apo yakanga hwomutambarakede uye njodzi, nekuti iwe uri kwakarinda vanamwari mhuri. Sezvandaudza ava kutandadza ruzivo: "... Ipapo ndakarangarira imba yababa vedu, asati manheru pachoto nyaya refu sei vanhu vakararama mazuva ekare ..." Zvose izvi - vadiwa, chokuita nenzvimbo yokuberekwa uye tifare youduku, kunosanganisira mashoko okuti "chizvarwa pachoto uye musha. "

Pfungwa dendere mhuri

Hapana chinoshamisa pakuti yokuRussia painter guru, mumiririri chikoro muiti wechokwadi kuti kupenda Ilya Efimovich Repin wakati akasarudza kuvaka neimba kuti aizova dendere mhuri, akatumidza zita rake kuti vanamwari vekare uye muchengeti aisiya mifananidzo yavo pasuwo wemunda. Muna 1899, apo akanga atova yakakurumbira rokupenda Repin anotenga 50 km kubva St. Petersburg nyika, anovaka imba uye nokungwarira anoshongedza ndima. Kusarudza dzakawira musha Kuokkala nekuti kubva 1898 Ilya Efimovich Repin akashanda se Rector of Academy, mabasa aiva nezvakawanda. Kuti tiwane kubva mumusha kunzvimbo basa rakanga chaizvo nemhaka kuchiteshi mutsetse, uye nzvimbo pachayo yakanga private uye akanyarara.

yakakodzerwa rokuremekedza

Zvose Zvakazoitika sezvo chinangwa: pokugara, apo iwe nguva dzose uchida kudzoka aine yakawanda mhuri rudo uye shamwari, apo uri nguva dzose pamwe kubudirira. Nguva pfupi pashure muchidzidza hondo mhuri akava purofesa uye musoro wekishopu iri Academy of Arts Akanaka. Manor pamusoro Repin "naPenates" kwazvo mupenyu kusvikira zita raro. Makore 30 kufara aipedza imwe rokupenda guru pano. Iri raiva musha chaiye the artist, aida pano ose rekona, pakona rimwe nerimwe akanga zita rayo. Repin akararama pano kusvikira parufu rwake, kwakaitika September 29, 1930. Aiva nemakore 86 okuberekwa. Maererano chikumbiro chake, akavigwa pano, mu munda, rakatevera kumba uye Chugueva ondomoka. Kuokkala musha Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Repino, uye ikozvino pane zvinozivikanwa zvose Russian miziyamu "naPenates", iro rakaumbwa muna 1940.

Kuzvininipisa uye democratic mores Manor

Zvinosuruvarisa, munguva yehondo, imba vakapisa pasi zvachose, akatambudzika pfuma yake yose. Vakagara pomuouki, wakasimwa pakarepo pashure kumariro. Pashure pehondo, kuti Manor yave kunatsiridzwa chose, uye miziyamu itsva yakavhurwa 1964. Zvino iye yeUnited mapurani shongwe. Pairi unogona kutaura kwenguva refu. All kupfuura akakurumbira uye zvakanakisisa varume nguva vaiva yavatezvara the artist. Repin akatora on Wednesday, mamwe mazuva akashanda. Repinsky ezvinhu vaizivikanwa vose misoro, vaeni vakaungana pfuma pashure maawa 3. Repin yaitova munhu, yakasiyana uye chivako chake "naPenates". Ndima yayo aiva mitemo yayo. Varanda yokudhirowa haina rakaitirwa musimboti, asi vakadzi vaviri kubatsira pamba, vaigara ipapo ane akamira yakaenzana varidzi, Vose vakadya patafura imwe chete. Service munhu zvachose wairambidza. Nokuti kutyora yemafambisirwo ezvinhu akapa chirango ari muchimiro paruzhinji mashoko achishora matanho ake.

Kukwezva venhau Repin

Izvi democratic ukama pasina nevaikudzwa, akaita Repin "naPenates" iri kunyanya anoyevedza. The chadenga unofadza zvikuru. The nyore uye mwero zviri muridzi, vasina dundundu pamusoro zvemashoko acho ezvinhu uye chidhori nguva yake, kushayikwa pretentiousness mu kwezvakatipoteredza - zvose zvakabetsera pakagadzwa noushamwari pakati wehondo uye vaeni wemunda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, vakadhakwa zvakataurwa A. N. Beketova uye Lva Tolstogo, uyo akashandisa kuuya pano vaenzi wokuurayira isina kudya zvokudya, zviri pfuma dzaitongwa kudya miriwo. Zvakawanda zvinhu chakaitwa maererano yokunyora nokudhirowa womufananidzo. Kuti tafura vaenzi akanga mubhedha uye kutenderera. Pauriri vokutanga kuisa zvokudya uye neimwe vaenzi nekuvhura pfundo aigona kuuya kwake achida Pudding. Chete muna 1918, apo kusawirirana akasimuka pamwe zvigadzirwa, tafura yakanga vakashumira dzose zvokudya. Panguva iyoyowo muganhu Finnish akavharwa, "naPenates" vakanga vakawanda Repin uye vazhinji Russian munyika ino chimedu yokumusha. Iye ikazopiwa kuchamuka kwake kunozivikanwa Artist womunyika Academy. Nokuda painter chikuru zita Manor rake yakawanikwa noupenyu kwayo. Kana vanhu kutaura kana kunyora prices uye capitalized shoko "naPenates", zvinova pachena kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro yavatezvara them Repina.

Zvino miziyamu-pfuma, iri pakero: 197738, St. Petersburg, Repino musha, Seaside mukuru, 411 - anogamuchira vashanyi ose zuva kunze neMuvhuro Chipiri, kubva 10 am. Service chete kutenderera.