The kwenguva vanhuwo zvavo: kuti akapa vanhu abolition kuti serfdom?

Manifesto 1961 nokusingaperi chakagumisa serfdom muna Russian Empire. Chii chakachinja nadzurudzo iyi kwevanhuwo zvavo? Chokutanga, wokupedzisira nhare, aichimbova pfuma vomuridzi womunda, rinenge chinhu anowana munhu rusununguko. Chechipiri, iye akagamuchira kodzero dzokurasa pfuma yavo pachavo. Chii agara chinokosha nokuda murimi? Chokwadi, nyika anodyisa uye anobvumira kuti kurarama basa ravo.

Murimi vaigamuchira kubva womunda kushandisa, nokuti iyo barshchina kubhadharwa zvakavakodzera kana, mune chokwadi, zvishoma yakasiyana yapfuura mitoro. Saka, vanhu vanorarama nezvinhu zvavo itsva rusununguko haana kuchinja zvakare. Kazhinji kwenguva murimi mudiki akagamuchira mugove kunyange duku kupfuura kupatsanurwa saka kure. Uyezve, zvakanaka nyika vaiva landlords, vanhu vagamuchirawo varombo, dzine mabwe uye zvakavaomera nzvimbo nzvimbo.

The nadzurudzo vaifungidzira kuti kwenguva vanhuwo zvavo zvichava muridzi wayo mugove. Kuti aite izvi aifanira kubhadhara muridzi mari wemunda uye munda mapindu, pamwe zvikuru inflated. Zvakaitika kuti panguva iyoyo waanoripira nokuda kwavo rusununguko pachavo. Hurumende pakarepo kupa mari kuti landlords, uye vanhuwo zvavo vakanga kwemakore 49 mari kwaari zvakakwana uye zvinopfuura 6% pagore kuti kushandiswa chikwereti.

The muridzi nokuda kuchinja rinoita kurasikirwa kwayo pfuma - serfs, asi akavatengesa akaipisisa ndima yavo chikuru bidder, izvo zvinopfuura ndanyarara hangu nokuda kurasikirwa ake. Avo vasina kutenga nyika, kubhadhara kwayo kushandisa zvakavakodzera kana akashanda ari aimbova tenzi.

The kwenguva murimi mudiki ainzi "muridzi" ane nomunda pakarepo pashure mururegerero mutengapwe akapedzisa. Zvisinei, muridzi wayo dzakazara, akava chete pashure kubhadhara zvikwereti zvose. Tinogona kutaura kuti panguva iyoyo akarega kuva nhare uye akava akasununguka murume, nokuti kunobva pachido panyika, zvakasara mumaoko Varidzi.

Rakanga vaifungidzira kuti kwemakore 20, murimi dzose vanomboenda kupa mari muridzi nokuda mugove wavo. Zvisinei, chaiwo misi vasina kuisa, saka vazhinji vakanga vasina kukurumidza kutora chikwereti, kuramba barshchina kana zvakavakodzera kubhadhara muridzi kushandiswa munyika. By 1870 atenga kunze kunyika chete inenge hafu. Mumakore akatevera makore gumi nerimwe, nhamba yavo yawedzera 85%. Just ipapo paiva abolition ari kwechinguva ehurumende vanhuwo zvavo. 1881 gore apo mutemo wakadzikwa pamusoro fanira kudzikinurwa munyika mugove nekuda maviri akatevera. Munhu asina kuitwa panguva ino yokudzikinurwa kutengeserana, varasikirwa nyika yavo. Saka, pakupedzisira, chikamu ichi vanhu yakanyangarika ne 1883.

Manifesto pamusoro 1861 akapa vanhuwo zvavo rusununguko pasina chero mamiriro, asi muripo chikwereti kubva ehurumende kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti mukutanga remakore rechi20, vanenge 40% wavo vaitova Semi-serf, kuramba kushanda kuti landlords kubhadhara chikwereti. State kwenguva wakagara ari kwenguva pfupi hurumende vanhuwo zvavo, chete kwema pamwe nenyika kwokurangana purofiti vanenge mamiriyoni 700 rubles.