Kirch - chechi imwe Lutheran ... chii chiri?

Kirchen kumboda rinonzi Lutheran dzinoiswa hurongwa. Asi ichi handizvo. The German Shoko kirkko rinoenderana Russian pfungwa "chechi." MuTesitamende Itsva riri midzi anokosha - kereke (Kirch) anogona kunzi sezvo nemamiriro uye munzanga kana ungano vanhu pasina vechitendero coloring.

Church-kuvaka kunosanganisira mhando nhatu zvivako: mukereke (Chapel), chechi uye Church. Chapel - munechimwewo chivakwa kuvakwa kuti zvidikanwi. Church - huru pakuvaka yeko. Pakati pavo hakuna minamato kusiyana - ose mhemberero, netsika, sakaramendi anogona kuitwa muna chapero, uye mukereke.

The mukati chechi

Kereke, yakavakwa muna chinyakare manyorerwo, muzvikamu, kwese nzvimbo vechiKristu dzokunamatira. Pari, zvakadai kupesana pakuvaka kereke angave asipo. The mudziyo zvivako, chero kusawirirana kwavo havagoni kuva chipingamupinyi basa. Chii chechi yeLutheran? Setsika, kuvaka chinosanganisira anoverengeka zvikamu:

• Porch - nzvimbo apo ebetsero zvivako zvinosanganisira raibhurari, chimbudzi, kupfeka mumba, imba nokusvika revashandi, etc. Pamusoro peberere makhiriniki shongwe kuti vave belfries ...
• Choirs - nzvimbo pamusoro pesuo, apo pane muviri.
• Petemberi - huru chikamu kuvaka ungano. Kwavari, pane chinokosha zvigaro kana vanhuwo chair - hazvina basa. Asi pakatarisana atari munguva zhinji mudungwe kuburikidza-ndima.
• Atari - tsika mukereke Lutheran, iye vatendeukira kumabvazuva. Kazhinji ndiwo kukwidziridzwa pamusoro iyo pamuchinjikwa kana pamuchinjikwa. Zvinokonzera atari vari akashongedzwa mifananidzo kana mahwindo yakasvibiswa-regirazi pamusoro dingindira Vhangeri. Izvi zvinogona kuva mufananidzo zvakasikwa kana chete hwindo. Kirch - chechi, nzvimbo yokunamatira. Naizvozvo, parutivi rwearitari yaiva papurupiti.

mazita Kirch

• Church anganzi nezita wedunhu, mumugwagwa kana guta apo riri.
• chechi yeLutheran Modern akadana mazita zvinokosha redzidziso dzechiKristu. Somuenzaniso, Chechi Mudzikinuri.
• mazita Chirangaridzo - muna Lutheranism hapana urongwa kwevatsvene, saka Kereke anonzi pakuyeuka vatungamiriri vechechi kana vatongi. Somuenzaniso, Lutheran Church Louise (pakuyeuka Mambokadzi Prussia) muna Kaliningrad.
• Kirch anogona kutakura pre-Reformation zita. Kazhinji ndiwo anokosha kupfuura munhu Testamende Itsva, kana kuti mazita yavatsvene. Somuenzaniso, Lutheran Church of St. Paul muna Odessa.
• Zita rechechi, zvichienderana dzinza chavanopinda vaiva muchechi. Somuenzaniso, chechi German.

Kwakatangira Lutheran Church ari

Muna October 1517 imwe Augustinian mumongi uye muzvinafundo Martin Luther yakabudisa 95 zvichemo. Saka pakanga dzidziso yose, akasiyana zvinodavirwa muchitendero yeRoma. Chii pakutanga zvakanzi zvainanga kuchinja pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kuti paumbwe imwe chechi itsva.

Kirch chepakutanga mupfungwa - hazvisi chete chivako asiwo munharaunda vatendi. Mushure Reformation, Evangelical Church Lutheran (Church Lutheran) rinowanikwa kwose kwose Germany, Sweden, Finland, kubva XVI remakore. Gare gare Lutheran akasimba ari kuchamhembe Germany, muna Livonia. Rinotanga kwakapararira kuvakwa kwezvivako pakunamata.

The Nhaka of Teutonic Order

The Kaliningrad Nharaunda hwaponeswa chaizvo Kirch iyoyo. Mukuwedzera, nhaka yacho German inoti vakanga German chechi yapfuura kumwedzi. Munzvimbo iyi, chechi yokutanga akazviratidza XIII remakore. Teutonic Order muna 1256 akavamba Kirch Shtayndamm, makore mashanu gare gare - Porkshen Kirch, muna 1288 - Kirchen MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT. Vanopfuura 60 chechi yeKatorike, yakavakwa ne Teutonic Order, akachengetedzwa zvino munharaunda yacho Kaliningrad nharaunda.

Teutonic Order uye vakaisa Königsberg Castle. Church, raibhurari, panosvikira imba, Castle shongwe, pokugara, youmambo Apartments, O Tower - rokuti zvikamu zvayo aimbova kunoshamisira. Zita wenhare akapa zita reguta inovakwa pedyo masvingo wenhare. Konigsbersky Castle - yekare zvinotyisa muguta. Muna 1967, vakasarira urongwa mokupera nomukondombera kumusoro. Ndiani akasarudza kuti vaigadzirise.

Zvinokonzerwa East Prussia

Kubva XIV remakore, nokuumbwa mumaguta German munharaunda East Prussia, yakatanga kwose kwose uye kuvakwa machechi Catholic. 120 Kirch richiripo kune chipo nguva.

chechi

Yokutanga Catholic Cathedral yakavakwa muna 1380. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Church yavakwazve uye vakaramba wemasaini mukati Pamifananidzo. Kirch - ndiwo musimboti yeko upenyu. Saka, panguva Order kuti Cathedral rikakamurwa 2 zvikamu: mumwe akanyengetera Knights mune dzimwe - ungano.

Nokukurumidza, kurutivi Church akakura chivakwa yunivhesiti, raibhurari ane yakasiyana muunganidzwa wemabhuku uye zvinyorwa. On shongwe dzaro akaiswa unoshamisa wachi, pashure Church rukaporeswa uye waisa imwe nhengo itsva.

Nhasi muna Kaliningrad Catholic munharaunda iri diki. naizvozvo kwakasarudzwa kuti ari church imwe mhando centre-temberi, apo vachanyengetera pedyo vamiririri nokureurura siyana. Zvino ari Chiesa mabasa raMwari Anopera Mapurotesitenzi, Orthodox uye nevaKaturike. Kuronga Concerts uye makareverera kurwisa nhengo uye weclassical.

Juditten Church

Juditten Church - pamwe ichi ndiyo Chivako mukuru Kaliningrad, izvo zvinogona kuponesa. Gore kuvakwa - 1288. machechi Mubatanidzwa Catholic kwemazana emakore kuti vauya pano vazhinji vechinamato. Pakupera ari XIV remakore yakavakwa belfry pamwe mabhero maviri, akaita inopenya uye akapfuma Pamifananidzo mukati kereke vari Prussian yekare zvivezwa - "Madonna pamusoro kirisendi mwedzi", iro rwunoverengerwa nezvishamiso zvikuru uye kuporesa.

Kirch akaramba zvachose sanganisika pashure hondo, vagari German kwayo kunze basa kusvikira 1948. Asi chivako yakaparadzwa kwazvo vatama kubva Soviet Union. Pakutanga 1980 kuitira kudzivirira kubva pakuparadzwa kukwezvwa, Kirche akadzokera neChechi yeOrthodox. Zvino hoyu mukadzi St. Nicholas wemamonk.

Attractions XIX-XX remakore

chivakwa enhoroondo pamusoro Kaliningrad - chechi yeLutheran Mambokadzi Louise. In rukudzo youmambo yakanga yakavakwa muna 1899. Munguva 60s zviremera yaronga kuputsa chivakwa, asi akaponeswa, refitting Chivako chiri chidzoyi yemitambo.

Catholic Chapel St. Adalbert yakavakwa muna 1904. Makore 30 gare gare zvakanzi vasiyana chivako kumativi mahwindo uye vakavakazve aritari. Chapel akagamuchira mamiriro kereke. Munguva yehondo, ivo kuda chikamu rave dzaparadzwa ndokuparadza, uye ari mutana chikamu chechi akagadzirisa prosthetic kambani. Zvino dzimba kwokubatsira ari Research Institute.

Sagrada mhuri chechi yakavakwa muna 1907. Maererano mapurani, iyo Kirk Catholic aifanira kuva imba mhuri ungano, apo akatonga mweya rudo rwechiKristu. Pane yaiitwa chete mitambo kubhabhatidzwa uye muchato. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II chechi ainyatsoziva tagovera uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuparadzwa. Muna 1980, pashure penguva yakareba rokuvakazve Regional Philharmonic Society yakavhurwa ikoko. Set Czech nhengo pamwe 3600 pombi.

Catholic Lutheran Church of St. Joseph nheyo muna 1931. Chivako chaiva Uriri nhatu neshongwe uye denderedzwa padenga. Munguva WWII chechi yeLutheran wakatambudzika zvishoma, uye pashure pehondo, ipapo akaisa Railway Club. Muna 1969 chivako rakavakwazve uye akariisa dzokuchengetera kuti dziri ikoko panguva.

Kirch, kuita ikozvino sezvo kereke Orthodox

Ponarth Church Lutheran-Lutheran - ndiyo chivakwa yakaisvonaka kwazvo Gothic manyorerwo. It yakavakwa 1897 tichiregeredza yomunharaunda bhurure, vagari uye hurumende subsidy. Lutheran muviri chechi akapa vaJudha munharaunda yeguta. chitendero kukudyira anenge asina kukuvadzwa muhondo. Pashure pehondo, pamwe spire kereke yakanga yabviswa, uye nzvimbo waishandiswa sezvo okuchengetera nzvimbo. Muna 1991 chivako wakapiwa Chechi yeOrthodox, uye zvino ndiyo kereke Orthodox Dzokuberekwa Mhandara Yakakomborerwa.

chechi Rosenau Lutheran wakaradzikwa muna 1914. Asi nemhaka yehondo (World First) kuvakwa kwetemberi aifanira umbomiswa. Muna 1926 kuvakwa chechi yapera. Panguva chechi Second World Lutheran akapotsa haana kutendera uye chaishandiswa somunhu yokuchengetera. Makore 25 apfuura chivako wakapiwa Chechi yeOrthodox, uye zvino pano chechi yeOrthodox Mutsvene Mhandara.

Church Lutheran of Cross yakavakwa uye vagadzwe 1933. Munguva yehondo iye akagamuchira zviduku zvakakanganisika, uye mushure Second World War okumusoro akanga chitoro. Muna 1988, imba wakapiwa Chechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia, vagadzwe 1994, nhasi chinhu Orthodox Holy Cross Cathedral.

Nzvimbo wokupedzisira yokunamatira, izvo vokuGermany yakavakwa muna Königsberg, aiva Church Lutheran yaKristu. Ravakarivaka rwekuita nzvimbo isina frills uye kunatsiridzwa. Chivako akasikwa 1937. Kereke chingava vanhu 720 panguva. Pashure pehondo, vachivaka chakatorwa nokuti Imba Culture. Chivako chiri mumaoko Roc, asi, maererano Executives, apo pano iyerere kirabhu.

Huripo Lutheran uye Catholic makereke

Zvino Kaliningrad mu muChechi yeKaturike 2 arrival: Family Mutsvene uye St. Adalbert. Zvivako Church zvakavakwa muna 1991 uye 1992. "Caritas West" Catholic Center wo yakavhurwa 1992. It unoshanda muguta uye bazi Catholic College.

The Evangelical Church Lutheran muguta chakamuka chete muna 1991. VaLutheran nokuunganidza chivakwa kuchechi Prospekt Mira. Vanewo Provostry (chechi weruwa) umo vakanyoresa basa "Chiedza East".

Chii chechi yeLutheran? Kutozosvikira Reformation, chechi yeLutheran rinonzi Church munyika German. Germany - the nzvimbo yechizvarirwo shandurudzo. Mushure iye vaKaturike vaLutheran vakadanwa Kirche (chechi) chivako yavanofanira tinamate. Kirchen yava kunzi Lutheran Church iri uye dzimwe German. YeRoma chete, zvichienderana nyika, inogona chechi kana yeko. Somuenzaniso, nokuti vagari Belarus, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia Catholic Church - chechi iyi.