Ndeipi yemoto ndiyo yakanakisisa. Mhando huru yemotokari uye madori. Motokari Fuel Types

Upenyu munyika yanhasi haugoni kufungidzirwa pasina motokari dzakasiyana. Dzinotikomberedza kwose kwose, inenge pasina davi rekumhizha rinogona kuita kunze kwekutakura zvinhu. Zvichienderana nemhando ipi yemotokari, kushanda kwemotokari uye kutakura kuchave kwakasiyana.

Basic classification of cars

Yvose motokari dzemigwagwa dzinoiswa maererano maererano nekuenda kwadzo. Chikamu chokutanga ndevatakari vemotokari. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kutakura vanhu, minda yavo duku. Chimwe chikamu chechimiro ichi ndicho nhamba yezvigaro zvevatakuri. Vakawanda vavo havasi vanopfuura mapfumbamwe (pamwe nemutyairi). Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira motokari dzemotokari. Basa ravo nderokuendesa marudzi ose ezvigadzirwa nezvinhu, pamwe chete nemichina. Vane gumi kana kupfuura vanogara zvigaro vanotsanangura motokari dzakadai sebhazi (kana mabhasikoro). Uyewo kune boka re motocycles. Chaizvoizvo, awa mabhiri maviri-maguru kana matatu-mashanduko ekuchinja (zvisinei, ATV ine mavhiri mana). Izvo zviduku muhukuru, masero haadarika 400 kilogram. Makorikari, semi-trailer vanoiswa mune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana. Iyi zvivako zvinoshongedzwa netakiti, kunyanya inotarisirwa kutakura zvinhu (dzimwe nguva vanhu). Ndeipi yemotokari iri nani inobva kune mabasa ayo anopiwa.

Rimwe-magwaro motokari

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chechikamu ndechokushaikwa kwepakati kupatsanurwa kuva makamuri. Iko kuti, motokari yakadaro ine mushambadzi akabatanidzwa, mutoro uye motokari yedhipatimendi. Injini iri munyaya iyi inenge iri mukati memushini. Kubudirira kukuru kwemotokari idzi ndiko kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemukati. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti rudzi urwu rwomuviri runowanikwa mumabhazi uye mumotokari (somuenzaniso, Smart). Izvi zvinotevera kugadziridzwa zvinobvira. Rudzi rwemotokari yemotokari ine zvinyorwa zvakakura zvakakwana. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana nemutsara wechitatu wezvigaro. A minived model minivan - kompaktven. Mumiririri "muduku" we monocabs is microvan. Iyo haina mutsara wechitatu wezvigaro, urefu hahupfuuri mamita mana 4. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kushandurwa kwezvino kuwedzerwa kufarirwa. Iyi yemhando yemotokari yakakodzerwa nemigwagwa yakabatikana mumaguta makuru.

Two-makamuri motokari

Aya motokari akaparadzaniswa kuva makamuri maviri, ayo akaparadzana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe - mutoro-mutakuri uye motokari. Iko kushandurwa kune zvose zvinowedzera uye zvakashata zvakashata. Kune zvakakosha zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ine nzvimbo yakawanda inoshanda, iyo inoita kuti zvikwanise kutakura kunyange yakawanda yemutoro. Zvisinei, kunyaradzwa kwemotokari panguva imwechete kunoderera. Iko kunhuwirira kunofadza muimba yekambani, ruzha rwekumiswa kwemashure. Panewo mungozi yekutakura zvipfeko zvinowira kune vanofamba panguva dzenjodzi. Vamiriri veClassic yemotokari mbiri-hatchback (liftbek), motokari ngoro, minivan, uyewo phaeton. Munyika yose, trunk chivako chakafanana nemusuwo wakasiyana, inenge yakangoita. Mutsara wechipiri wezvigaro unogona kuiswa, nekuwedzera nzvimbo yekutakura. Mamwe emhando idzi dzemotokari dzakagadzirwa nemutsara wechitatu wezvigaro. Zvimwe zvakanyatsogadziriswa uye zviri nyore kugadziriswa - hatchback. Phaeton inoratidzwa nedenga rakanyorova, mukana wekubvisa girazi remukova (somuenzaniso, UAZ-469).

Tatu-makamuri kugadziriswa kwemotokari

Boka rinonyanya kuwanda remotokari rine kamuri roga roga rokutakura mitoro, uye yevatakuri, uye yejini. Iyi nzira yekufambisa ndiyo imwe yakachengeteka uye yakanyanya kunyatsogadzikana, inofanira kuongororwa pakutengesa motokari. Mukusangana kwepamberi kana kuputika kubva kumashure, kutanga kwezvose, kana trunk kana injini inowira. Muchivanze, hapana mhere-mhere inogona kunzwika (kugogodza kusimirirwa, ruzha rwejini, etc.). Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwenzvimbo yakasiyana yemutoro, vashambadzi havanzwi kunhuhwira kune dzimwe nyika kubva kutakura kutakurwa, zvikamu zvitsvene (semuenzaniso, mavhiri). Pakati pezvikanganiso zvinogona kutaurwa zviyero zvakakura, izvo zvingangoomesesa kushandiswa. Nechimiro chemuviri munharaunda iyi, pane sedan, coupe, van, pick-up, limousine.

Mhando yemitambo yemotokari (nemufananidzo) matatu-compartment class

Mitsara miviri yezvigaro zvevatakuri, kuvapo kwevana (kana maviri) masuo - izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zve sedan. Iyi motokari inogona kugadzirisa zvakanaka vanhu 5. Nokuti kubvisa chiratidzo chekuvapo kwemuviri wemukova miviri, imwechete kana maviri mitsara yezvigaro. Kazhinji mune imwe kamuri zvinokwanisika kuenda kune vanhu vaviri, sezvo chigaro chemashure chiri chiratidzo. A cabriolet rudzi rwemuviri unobviswa (kana kupfigira) padenga. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuchengetedzwa kwekushandurwa uku kunopokana. Uyewo, kutendeuka kunokwezva maitiro avo, asi zvirokwazvo hazvibatsiri. Nheyo refu, kuvapo kwemapuranga maviri ezvigaro zvevatasvi - izvi ndizvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakimine. Iyi motokari ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kunaka kune vanofamba. Van, mapikorori ane dhipatimendi rakakura (carted or open).

Kuenzanisa kwezvitori

Machinari emotokari yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emhando akasiyana nehukuru, uye maitiro, uye mabasa anoshanda. Kazhinji pamigwagwa unogona kuwana magirini 120-cubic-mita. Kutakura kwavo kunenge matani 20. Mishonga yakadaro inoshandiswa kwenguva refu. Pamusoro pemitoro yakakura kana mutoro mumabhosi, Yumba semi-trailer vanoshandiswa. Vane chikumbaridzo chiduku. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvingave zvisiri nyore (somuenzaniso, paunoshandisa euro pallets). Pa-board machines (shalands, nzvimbo dzakasununguka) dzakagadzirirwa kutakura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu: zvivako zvokuvaka, mabomba, zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunewo marudzi emarori: refrigerators (kutonhora kunogona kusvika kusvika -25 ° C), mishonga ine simba rinokusimudza 3, 5, 10, 15, tani. Nekufambisa kwezvokudya zvinotengeswa zviyo zvinoshandiswa. Pamusoro pemitoro yemvura pane imwewo yemhando yemotokari - motokari yemotokari. Iko ndiko kuti, pamhando ipi neipi yekutakura zvinhu, pane imwe yakakodzera yakasiyana yemori.

Main types of machine engines

Nyaya inonyanya kukosha yekugadzira yemotokari ndiyo injini. Ndiye iye anopa uye anorongedza basa rehurongwa hwose. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari dzemotokari. Injini inopisa inopisa inoshanda pamafuta akaita se petrooline. Inotungamirirwa kuburikidza nechitsiko. Injini injini ine injectors, iyo inokonzerwa nei mafuta. Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza pamafuta emafuta, unofanira kusarudza sarudzo iyi. Carburetor mhando dzemotokari dzemotokari dzinenge dzisiri kushandiswa mumazuva ano. Mavari mune zvakaoma kuranganisa mune chimwe chigadzirwa chemafuta ane oksijeni. Pamwoyo webasa repiston, kana diesel, injini ndiyo inoshandiswa kupisa mafuta, kuisanganisa nemumwe. Somugumisiro, motokari inoshandiswa.

Icho chaunofanira kusarudza

Mhando dzose dzeenjini dzine mavara emhando. Diesel motokari haibvumi kukufambisa nekukurumidza, sezvo kufamba kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera kuparara kwepistons. Imwe injini yakadaro yakaoma kutanga mumvura inotonhora, zvinenge zvichidikanwa kuti upfuure nehuwandu hwemafuta. Hakuchina matambudziko akadaro mune petrol engines. Zvisinei, kune dambudziko ne spark plugs. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, injini dzakasvibiswa dzakaonekwawo: papamhanho inomhanya motokari yemagetsi, pakukwira zvakanyanya injini ye petrol inoshandurwa. Muchiitiko ichi, kukanganisa kukuru kwemotokari yakadaro inodhura mari yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa. Nokudaro, kusarudzwa kworudzi rwejini kunobva pane zvinodiwa zvomunhu, chinangwa chemotokari.

Ndeapi mavhiri aripo

Chimwe chinhu chinosungirirwa che gear inotamba yemotokari ndiro gumbo. Achitenda kwaari, chikamu chacho chinoitwa, marwadzo anotonhora. Zvichienderana nechinangwa, kusiyanisa magumbo ekufambisa, izvo zvinoshandura torque kuti ishandise simba, uye rinotungamirirwa. Rudzi rwakabatanidzwa runoita mabasa eaimbove panguva imwe chete. Kutsigira mavhiri uyewo varanda, nerubatsiro rwemotokari. Pano panewo maitiro ehupenyu. Muchikamu chino, tsanangura maitiro akadaro emavhiri emotokari: vakataura, diski, vasina kuve. Mune fomu yekutanga, chinhu chekubatanidza chebato uye rim is spokes. Kushandisa kwavo kwakakosha, kazhinji magumbo akadaro anowanikwa pamitambo yemitambo. Mumakumbo asingadziviriki pamwe chete nechibato chikamu chekubatanidza chakaitwawo. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvakajeka, mashoma maduku, mari inowedzerawo. Kazhinji kazhinji inoshandiswa pamakumbo. Zvisinei, mhando dzemhando dzemotokari dzinotakura mavhiri.

Motokari matairi, marudzi avo uye kushandiswa

Matayira akanaka - chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha (uye kwete zvisingabhadhari) chikamu chemotokari. Ivo vanobatanidzwa mumagadzirirwo ekudzivirira, ane mhosva yekuchengeteka. Vanofanira kusangana nezvimwe zvinodikanwa. Kutanga, zvakanaka kupa rubatsiro kumugwagwa, kuva nehuwandu hukuru, nguva ye inertia. Iyo yakaneta yakanakira zvakanaka, inogara yakasimba, isingachinji, isingagumi. Zvichienderana nechinangwa, idzi marudzi ematairi emotokari anozivikanwa: makori, motokari. Panewo chikwata chekuisa chisimbiso: kamuri, matairi asingasviki. Zvichienderana nehukuru, zvinokonzerwa zvakakura, zvakakura-kati, zviduku. Uyewo, matairi acho ndeawo, akazara-maitiro, akaderera, ane-low profile, arched, pneumatic rollers. Nekukosha kukuru imufananidzo uri pamusoro pavo. Muchiitiko ichi, tinokwanisa kusiyanisa mhando idzi dzinotevera dzematairi emotokari: nehutano hwakasiyana, hutungamiri, husingaenzaniswi. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ayo motokari ichashandiswa, kusiyanisa pakati pematayari echando, mazhizha uye matese ose emwaka. Mataire emhando yekutanga anopa huwandu hwakanyanya mumamiriro okunze akaoma. Matairi echando akagadzirirwa mumigwagwa yakanyarara yakafukidzwa nechando. Uyewo kune zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi rose rairebhu uye rubber yenyika yepamusoro-soro.

Mafuta emotokari

Mafuta makuru emotokari yemotokari ipetroli, mafuta anonzi diesel. Muchidimbu chemafuta chinonzi petroleum, kushandiswa kwemafuta akaoma kunounza peteroli, iyo inoshandiswa iyo inoshandiswa kubva pane zvose zvakagadzirirwa uye kushandiswa kwekudzivirira. Inoratidzirwa nhamba ye octane. Iyo yakakwirira iyi index, iyo yakanyanya kukurudzira kudonation ndiyo iyi yemotokari yemotokari. Kuumbwa kwe petrol kunogonawo kujowa ne antiknock. Ihu hunhu hwehututi hunobata zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kwejini. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti petrol haifaniri kunge ine mvura, yakasvibiswa mumvura alkali, acids, mamwe magetsi inclusions. Imwe mhando yemotokari yemotokari - dizizi - inova chigadzirwa chekuchenesa mafuta. Muchikamu chacho mune cetane uye methylnaphthalene. Kukwanisa kwechizizi kuzvidzora kunofanidza ichi chikane nhamba. Kubudirira kwekushanda kunobva kubva kune makumi mashanu kusvika kune makumi mashanu. Ihu hunoti huni huripo hunoenderana nezviratidzo zvakadai sekushisa kwemhepo, kufema, kupisa kwemuganhu we filterability. Iyo yakagadzirwa sarufa inofanira kujekeswa zvakajeka. Iyo yakakura, yakasimudza chiyero chekugadzirisa kupfeka kwejini.

Zvimwe mafuta - gas

Iyo inobatsira zvikuru iyo yakasvibisa gasi ine kuchena kwayo. Muchizoro ichi hachina kutungamira, sulfurati yakagadzikana haigone, hapana zvimwe zvakasvibiswa. Saizvozvowo, injini ichashanda zvakajeka uye yakareba, nokuti huwandu hwemari inokonzerwa necarbon inokosha zvikuru. Zvakakosha kuziva uye kuti mafuta akadaro ane mari shoma (inofananidzwa nepetori). Yakagadziridzwa kunyange kutakura mitero inoshandiswa chete pamhepo yakasvibiswa. Kazhinji, mishonga iyi inoshandiswa mukati memabasa. Mhando dzakawanda dzekurima zvekurima dzinoshandawo pane mafuta aya. Iye zvino haisi dambudziko rekugadzirisa motokari yemhando iyi yemafuta. Mari yezvinhu zvakadaro haisi yakakwirira. Zvisinei, zvakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza mikana yekushandisa petroli. Mushonga unenge une gesi cylinder, carburetor, reducer-evaporator.

Ndeipi motokari iri nani

Paunosarudza motokari unofanira kutungamirirwa nemabasa anoiswa pamberi pemotokari. Kana kuchengetedzwa ndiyo nyaya huru, saka zvakanakisisa kusarudza mamiro emotokari matatu. Zvimwe zvezvemari (maererano nemafuta anoshandiswa) injini dzedieleri. Zvakakodzera kubhadhara motokari nemagetsi. Kusarudzwa kwegori kunobva pane zvachaendeswa. Chigadzirwa chemotokari, miviri yomuviri wayo uye injini - izvi zvinoratidzwa zvinotorwa munyaya imwe neimwe.