Mukana nenyukireya reRussia. Nuclear zvombo Russia

Pari, zvinogona renyukireya yeRussia ndiyo yechipiri pakukura munyika. Parizvino munyika mune zvinopfuura 1500 zviyero muAtlantic mhosva, uyewo tactical zvombo zvenyukireya kukuru. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvinogona inokosha yenyukireya yeRussia inobva chimiro vanamwari vatatu vatatu yenyukireya, izvo zvinosanganisira zvose mhepo, nyika uye gungwa zvinoriumba, asi mukuru kusimbisa iri siyana kudzivirira enyika munyika anotsanangura, kusanganisira neniwo zvachose nemamwe zvivako zvakohwewa musha Mobile inonzi "Topol ".

chaiyo nenhamba

Sezvo vachiti akazaruka manyuko, Rocket Masimba Strategic akanga ari avo dziripo 385 ano zvivako pamwe IDB, panguva iyoyowo kusanganisira:

• 180 SS-25 zvombo;
• 72 SS-19 chitundumuseremusere;
• 68 SS-18 zvombo;
• 50 zvombo SS-27, zvichibva mumigodhi;
• 15 zvombo SS-27 karavhani.

Kurwisa simba Naval Forces rinosanganisira 12 inokosha chombo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvinogona yenyukireya Russia iri zvichiitika 7 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Dolphin" chirongwa, uyewo 5 'Kalmar' zvirongwa. Pamusoro chikamu Air Force akaisa mberi 77 inorema Ndege.

International kupima

International Commission mubasa mhingaidzo kuti kuwanda zvenyukireya uye zvombo, anoti ari nhaka Russia aripo tactical yenyukireya warheads vangasvika 2,000, apo, maererano nyanzvi, pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka, artificially kuderedza dzingangoitika renyukireya yeRussia. Zvikurukuru, zvinokosha kuziva zvishoma kwavari:

• Strategic nhau zera pamusoro nguva. Vanenge 80% of uwandu zvombo vane upenyu kare.
• Space uye pasi anotsanangura chombo nyevero zviumbu vane zvishoma vanokwanisa, kunyanya pamusoro zvachose kusavapo pakuongorora zvikuru ngozi ane chitundumuseremusere tichitarisa munzvimbo, izvo riri muAtlantic Ocean, uyewo dzakawanda yePacific Ocean.
• Heavy bhomba pfungwa chete pamusoro zvigadziko zviviri, saka muri zvikuru nyore deposition kuti preemption.
• Chombo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vane shoma mufambo, riri chinoshingaira ezvinhu zviviri chete kana kunyange chimwe kanda motokari tichiita achifamba-famba pagungwa.

zvinhu zvakanaka

Panguva iyoyowo, zvinogona remauto yenyukireya yeRussia ane vanoverengeka zvinhu zvakanaka:

• Zvakanga ichangobva kuvakwa kukura ane zvachose itsva chombo yakaoma "yars";
• akatanga kugadzirwa inorema Ndege Tu-160 muenzaniso zvakare;
• akatanga kutiza miedzo muchikepe chombo ezvinhu anonzi "Bulava", pane imwe neimwe pane chombo yenyukireya;
• pakutuma chizvarwa chitsva radar gadziriro kwave akasuma kuti kudzivirira chombo kurwiswa muna Krasnodar nharaunda uye Leningrad nharaunda;
• kupinda muchadenga mumakore okupedzisira rakachengetedzwa wakasuduruka zvakakwana vakawanda satellites "Cosmos" yokutevedzera, vanopinda imwe nzvimbo echelon chepakuvamba yambiro hurongwa, vaimudana "Ziso".

Kunyatsogona urongwa yenyukireya

Tiine 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore, Russia anoti chombo ose zvenyukireya iye anofanira kutevera mutemo containment, asi zvinorehwa ichi izwi iri yakati dzakachinjwa nhasi. Panguva dzose chinyorwa kuti Russia iri mhinduro inogona kukonzera kukuvara atadza, zvishoma nezvishoma ndakatanga kuchinja uye kutambudzwa containment anogona kurondwa pamusoro mashoko, kuchinja dzidziso zvechiuto ano. Zvikurukuru, zvinokosha kuziva kuti dzidziso uto 1993 rinopa mutengo containment haana chete kuipa, asi utsinye yenyukireya, asi pasinei nokuti pakutanga mashoko envisaged mukana yenyukireya Kupindura kurwiswa dzisiri zvenyukireya, pakutanga pfungwa aingova pane zvaunoda kaza nyika vane zvombo zvenyukireya.

1996

Presidential shoko iri kuchengeteka National muna 1996 vakati kuti tinofanira kudzivisa mukana kurwiswa yenyukireya, uye kuti Russia aigona kushandisa iri chiitiko hombe-pamwero inokosha yenyukireya mauto yaiparadza, kunyange nyaya kwakajairika mauto. Uyewo zvakanga kutaurwa kuti nyika iri kuenda kutevera mutemo chokuti pasava nehondo yenyukireya panguva romunharaunda, omunharaunda uye pasi pose mumatunhu.

1997

National Security Concept 1997 rinopa chokuti pasava yaiparadza, kusanganisira kushandisa simba renyukireya riri chiitiko utsinye zvombo kunotungamirira nengozi kuvapo Russian Federation. Saka, Russia anekodzero kushandisa inokosha mauto kwenyukireya pakupindura chero utsinye, kuti, kunyange kana anokumhan'arira haashandisi zvombo zvenyukireya. Uyezve, Formulations izvi zvinopa kuti ndichengetedze Russian kukwanisa kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya pakutanga.

2010

Military Dzidziso of Russian Federation wokurera maererano nomurau purezidhendi, akati Russian Federation anekodzero kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya kana naro kana ayo vatsigiri, kuti zvombo zvenyukireya achasarudza kuti kurishandisa, kana kushandisa chero zvombo zvinoparadza. SNF zvakare zvinogona naro panyaya yaiparadza kuzorwa Russia rinoitwa pamwe kwakajairika zvombo kana kunosanganisira kurwisa nezvokuvapo ehurumende pachayo.

Next, tinotarisa kuti Russia aigona nokuparura Ranwa yenyukireya, uye chine zvechadenga chombo.

MDB-P 36 UTTKh

IDB UTTKh R-36, nani kuzivikanwa nevakawanda se "Voevoda" ari maviri-padanho chombo paShiro-inobva mvura. chombo uyu Kugadzirwa CB "South", riri Dnipropetrovsk kuUkraine achiri muSoviet Union, uye akashandisa chombo ichi muna 1980. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti muna 1988 chombo chinoita zvokukandwa yakanga modernized, uye zvino ndiyo shanduro iyi inoshandiswa pabasa.

Nuclear kurwisa ichi chombo rinogona kushandisirwa pana chinhambwe 15,000 km ane payload pamusoro 8800 makirogiramu. Hwaro chipo chombo MIRV akashongedzerwa quire warheads nomunhu mumwe kukanganiswa.

Simba vebasa renyukireya riri warheads aitwa chitundumuseremusere rinosvika 800 kt, nepo kutanga shanduro yakanga 500 chete kt. Probabilistic kutsauka rainge wakaderedzwa kubva 370 kusvika 220 m.

IDB Uri-100N UTTKh

Vaviri-Danho mvura-propellant chombo, riri kukura KBM muna Reutov, iri Moscow mudunhu. Uyewo seanokosha basa, kubva 1980. Nuclear warhead anogona putika ari chinhambwe kusvikira 10 000? Km kubva kanda site yacho uzvirasire-chombo uremu ndiyo 4035 makirogiramu. Hwaro chipo chombo MIRV ane nhanhatu warheads nomumwe kutungamirirwa chipfuro goho nerimwe riri 400 kt. Probabilistic tenderera Kutsauka 350 m.

Yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs RT-2PM

Solid-huni Danho matatu chitundumuseremusere pasi-kwakavakirwa Mobile sezvo kugadzirwa Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology. Zvinofanira kuva pamusoro nyika zvombo kubva 1988. chombo ichi anokwanisa kurova kubaya, nechokure kusvika 10.5? km kubva kanda site yacho uzvirasire-kurema ndiyo 1000 makirogiramu. In ichi pane chete chitundumuseremusere warhead inokwana 800 kt, nepo mukana dzeraundi Kutsauka 350 m.

ICBM RT-2PM1 / M2

Solid-huni Danho matatu chitundumuseremusere paShiro-yakavakirwa kana Mobile sezvo kugadzirwa Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology. Kushandiswa maoko Russian kubva 2000. Nuclear warhead anogona rova atambudzwe riri kure kusvika 11 000? Km kubva panzvimbo yayo kanda, apo kuva payload pamusoro 1200 makirogiramu. The chete rwisana chikwata ane kukwanisa kweinenge 800 kt uye probabilistic dzeraundi kutsauka rinosvika 350 m.

ICBM RS-24

Intercontinental hwakasimba mafuta ballistic chombo karavhani, akashongedzerwa multiple reentry warhead. Kukura runobva kuna Moscow Institute of Robotics. MBR ari nadzurudzo PT 2PM2. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti michina zvechadenga chombo kunge Classified.

SLBMs

Vaviri-Danho emura ballistic chombo yakagadzirirwa zvikuru ano zvombo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Strategic renyukireya mauto ari mhando yakatanga muna KBM muna kuChelyabinsk mudunhu. Zvinofanira kuva mubasa kubva 1977. Russian mauto inokosha yenyukireya achisunda chombo yakaoma D-9R, kuva kwayo sezvamunoita panguva zvitundumuseremusere maviri akafanana "Squid".

chombo ichi ane mhando huru matatu muhondo michina:

• monoblock musoro chikamu, ine yenyukireya mutariri inokwana 450 kt;
• MIRV musoro matatu simba zviumbu 200 neimwe RT;
• MIRV rine warheads nomwe, neimwe iri simba riri 100 kt.

RSM-29RM

The-Danho matatu emura ballistic chombo rakagadzirirwa nezvekutanga yepasi pemvura yakatanga munzvimbo KBM kuChelyabinsk. The kunzwisisa muenzaniso D-9R ine, panguva yayo miviri maoko panguva imwe chete "Dolphin" zvakagadzirwa rinoshandiswa muchiuto kubvira 1986.

chombo ichi kunoratidzwa embodiments zviviri chikuru midziyo:

• MIRV, rine warheads ina inokwana 200 kilotons;
• MIRV vakapakata warheads gumi 100 kt.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kubvira 2007 mashoko zvombo Zvishoma nezvishoma chikatsiviwa shanduro dzakachinjwa inonzi R29RM. Muchiitiko chino, musiyano mumwe chete anopa revarwi midziyo - iri sere warheads vane simba iri 100 kt.

F-30

P-30, nani kuzivikanwa so "Bulava", ndiwo Russian kukura kupfuura ano. Ballistic hwakasimba-propellant chombo zvichiitirwa kuiswa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. chombo ichi ari kugadzirwa Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology.

The chombo iri akashongedzerwa zvenyukireya inoperera gumi utungamiriri nomumwe kuti vanokwanisa kugadzirisa kukwirira uye kosi. Uchishandisa siyana chombo haasi asingasviki 8000? Km ane zvachose rikaposherwa-kurema 1150 makirogiramu.

budiriro tarisiro

Muna 2010, chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa, pasi izvo zvinogona renyukireya yeRussia uye United States zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera pamusoro manomwe akatevera. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo vakatenderana kuti mapato achaita zvinoenderana kurambidzwa pakatanga inokosha tsamwisa zvombo, sezvinotevera:

• Kuwanda bhomba renyukireya uye mhosva pamusoro muAtlantic ICBM uye BPRL havachiri kupfuura 1,550;
• uwandu muAtlantic SLBMs, IDB uye rinorema bhomba hakufaniri anopfuura 700 inokwana zviyero;
• uwandu vasiri kutumirwa kana muAtlantic ICBM inoremerwa bhomba - asingasviki 800 dzakabatana.

nyanzvi pfungwa

Nyanzvi dzinoti: panguva hakuna kuti Russia iri vatanga kuwedzera kugona yenyukireya. Kunyanya, pakupera 2012 in Russia yakanga wakapindwa anenge 490 muAtlantic pakukurukura nemotokari uye 1,500 zvenyukireya warheads muAtlantic pamusoro pavo.

Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa Research Service muUnited States Congress, ari Implementation yesungano ichi uwandu vatakuri muRussia achaita kuderera kusvika 440 zviyero, apo uwandu warheads panguva 2017 kuchasvika 1335 dzakabatana. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pane zvakawanda zvachinja mashandiro yekuverenga. Somuenzaniso, pasi chibvumirano chitsva, mumwe nomumwe muAtlantic bhomba chimwe chikwata mutariri, kana iri chokwadi chete Tu-160 anogona kutakura mungarava panguva iyoyowo 12 zvenyukireya zvombo uye B-52H - uye pa 20.