Mujinga Tver. Kana vanyori achauya kune nekubvirana?

Tver chawo - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu nharo nguva nhoroondo Russian. dzakaitika Most vari kurerekera munenge imwe nhoroondo nguva (kuguma XII- pakutanga XIII remakore), asi mumwe nomumwe mutsvakurudzi pachake pfungwa maonero.

Pamutemo pakuvambwa musi Tver

guta rimwe nerimwe nokuti zvivanakire mhemberero imwe gore chepamutemo kuvambwa musi. Gore kuberekwa guta Tver pamutemo muna 1135. Mune mabhuku basa kuti Vsevolod Mstislavovitch "manyorero" kutanga kutaura nezvazvo Mikoko shure Tver nguva ino. Ipfungwa zviri chokwadi? Chekutanga, hapana panotaurwa chaiyo pakati Tver nzvimbo yeguta, nekuti tiri kutaura pamusoro mari nemitero, iyo vakauya "Tver muenzi." Muchiitiko chino, rinogona kuitwa, zvichida haana pamusoro guta riri truest pfungwa shoko, uye pamusoro yokugara, iyo gare gare akanga tinoshandurirwa kuguta Tver.

Chechipiri, "manyorero" harirevi nhamba nhoroondo sayenzi rondedzero zvinyorwa. basa iri Kwakafanana zvake prose, akanyorwa mumutauro yekare. Hazvina zvakafanana nokuti Kuparara yaMakoronike rugwaro data, uye nhoroondo iri yaiteverwa. By zvinoratidza zvose, "manyorero" Hazvisi kukirasi yaMakoronike, saka zvachose kuvimba bhuku iyi haisi zvakakodzera.

Ko Tver akatamisa kubva nenzvimbo?

In rechitatu XX remakore rokutanga kwakanga imwe shanduro inotsanangura hwaro Tver. Chokwadi chokuti dzekare akabvuma: zvichida aripo nzvimbo guta dislocation - haasi wokutanga uye wechipiri. yepakutanga chaizvo Shanduro yacho, asi waivapo. Sezvo masayendisiti anotsanangura maonero avo? Inenge munzvimbo iyoyo nzizi mbiri - Tvertsa uye Tmaka. mangwanani Kucherwa izvi dzakapinzwa mumakore iwayo, izvo zvinoratidza kuti wokutanga (Tver) yaiva confluence pamusoro Tvertsa mukuru Russian rwizi Volga. Zvichipomerwa yechipiri yezana XIII remakore Tver kutamiswa kuna Cape, iyo yakaumbwa panguva confluence of Volga rwizi Tmaka. Version, Chokwadi, dzinonakidza, asi dzikapfeka ayo chokwadi, zvino nyaya zvinokosha kutaura kunyangarika guta kwaita mumwe chete zita. Kuma1930 vakanga kakawanda kuitwa matongo Zvakafukunurwa, zvakazoita shanduro iyi yave akarambwa chose sezvo untenable.

1181 - gore Tver hwaro

Hatina kakawanda akasimbisa kuti nhoroondo mabhuku uye manyuko, pane shanduro dzakawanda pamusoro kuonekwa muguta Tver. Ngatitarisei mumwe wavo. A anozivikanwa wenhoroondo Russian V. N. Tatischev wake "History" kwakaratidza kuti mujinga Tver kwakaitika muna 1181. Akawana ari Chronicle anopa mashoko kuti ichi ndicho gore hondo Prince Vsevolod III akakunda guta Torzhok. Akaenda kure nokuda chinhambwe kubva muguta, muchinda akarayira varume ake kuvaka hwakasimba. Translated kubva yekare Russian rinoreva "nhare". Zvichienderana yakasimba uye Tver consonance mazita, guta nheyo muna 1181 tinofanira kubvuma zviri zvechokwadi. Maererano nedzimwe dzekare, vari kuita zvidzidzo chaiyo rokupedzisira Tver nharaunda, pakuvaka chaiko haana kutanga muna 1181, uye muna 1182. Panzira, kana isu kutaura pamusoro consonance mazita, kwete vatsvakurudzi zvose dzinobvumirana kuti shoko "Tver" rinobva zita "zvikukutu".

magwaro okutanga kuti taura Tver

Zvichienderana umbowo, nderechokwadi risingagoni akapokana, Tver nechigadziko vanofanira kureva kutanga XIII remakore. Somuenzaniso, unofanira kuteerera gwaro kubva 1208 - chesungano pakati muchinda Vladislav III uye vagari veguta Novgorod. Prince akadzvinyirira zvikuru veko. varume vake kubirwa vanhu Novgorod, uchinyali zvose zvipingamupinyi, nekunhonga mutero guru.

Novgorod Residents vakakurudzira kuti kudzivirira inozivikanwa Prince Mstislav kubviswa. Mubati weguta Svyatoslav, mwanakomana Vsevolod, pakuiswa asungwa, uye Novgorod mauto vakatuma kudzivirira rukudzo guta ravo. Uyewo zvakaitika kundosangana hondo Vsevolod, asi kurwa kwacho haana wakaitwa nokuti mumisasa vose maiva musoro vanhu. rugare chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pamusangano mauto pedyo Tver. Zviya, kwete chete bhuku iyi inogona vaifungidzira kuti musi Tver nechigadziko - ndiko nehasha kutanga XIII remakore. Muna Tver Kremlin panguva tsvakurudzo inoitwa muna 1983 uye muna 1985, yakanga vakawana birchbark manyoro, yakanyorwa anenge makore 1200-1220.