Mudungwe munzira: mienzaniso. Mudungwe munzira muna Russian

Zuva nezuva tine boka guru pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti, dzinowanzotaura inzwi ravo, kunyange zvichireva kuti. Tinoda kuyeuchidza mai vangu kuti iye aiva maoko dzendarama; Tinorangarira shangu, apo ivo kare kubva vakawanda kushandiswa; achitya kutenga nguruve ari baya uye hyperbolizing zvinhu uye zvakavapo. All ichi - mugwara, mienzaniso izvo zvinogona kuonekwa kwete mabhuku asi kutaura kwose munhu.

Chii Achishandisa unyanzvi kutaura?

Shoko rokuti "gwara" rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti tropos izvo zvinoreva "chirungamutauro" riri mutauro wokuRussia. Ivo zvinoshandiswa kugadzira mashoko okufananidzira, avo rubatsiro nhetembo uye prose muri kusimba emashoko. Makwara mumabhuku, mienzaniso iyo inogona kuwanikwa chero nhetembo kana nyaya, vanoumba yoga rukoko mu philology ano. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, kushandiswa mari dzavo rakakamurwa lexical, syntactic uye isina mhinduro nenhamba. Vakaita mudungwe munzira zvakapararira kwete mabhuku, asi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi, uye kunyange pakutaura kwezuva nezuva.

Lexical nzira mutauro Russian

Zuva nezuva, tinofanira kushandisa mashoko ari zvimwe nzira shongedza nayo, kuti zvimwe upenyu. Bright nzira, iyo havangaverengwi mienzaniso iri mabasa ounyanzvi, hapana kumboderera pane lexical nzira.

• Antonyms - mashoko nevakomana zvaanoreva.
• Anoreva zvakafanana - pedyo mukati zvinoreva lexical dzakabatana.
• Tsumo - nemishonga mubatanidzwa zvinosanganisira maviri kana kupfuura lexical zvinhu zviri semantically anogona inofananidza neshoko rimwe chete.
• Mutauro - Mashoko, nevakawanda chete mune imwe nharaunda.
• Archaisms - Mashoko yechinyakare kuti zvinhu kana mananara kuti dzomuzana ano varipo vari mutsika uye upenyu kwevanhu.
• Historicism - shoko kureva yakatotsakatika zvinhu kana zvakavapo.

Mudungwe munzira mumutauro wokuRussia (mienzaniso)

Panguva ino, achishandisa unyanzvi okuti vanoonekwa nemabasa makuru dzenhoroondo. Kakawanda ndiyo nhetembo, ballads, nhetembo, nyaya uye enganonyorwa dzimwe nguva. Ivo shongedza uye kuzvipa mufananidzo.

• Metonymy - kutsiva shoko rimwe neimwe contiguity. Somuenzaniso: Pane New Year pakati pousiku mumugwagwa rose rakabuda kurega hwemoto.
• Epithet - yokufananidzira tsanangudzo, achipa nezvenyaya chimwezve chinhu. Somuenzaniso: Ita Masha vakanga Vakamupfekedza sirika curls.
• Synecdoche - zita chikamu yose. Somuenzaniso: Ndava rorusununguko dzakawanda ukama uye zvidzidzo Russian, uye Finn, uye wokuEngland, uye wechiTatar.
• Kutevedzera - basa zvipenyu unhu chinhu zvisina upenyu kana chinoshamisa. Somuenzaniso: Mamiriro okunze akanga ainetseka, kutsamwa, mupopoti, uye zvishoma vakazotanga mvura.
• Tikaenzanisa - okuti, yakavakwa pamusoro tikaenzanisa zvinhu zviviri. Somuenzaniso: chenyu anonhuwira uye hapana akafanana chitubu ruva.
• Dimikira - tama ehupfumi mumwe chinhu kune umwe. Somuenzaniso: Amai yendarama maoko edu.

Makwara mumabhuku (mienzaniso)

Anomiririrwa pachishandiswa unyanzvi mashoko kashoma kushandiswa kutaura munhu ano, asi izvi hazviiti kutapudza kukosha ravo mabhuku nhaka vanyori makuru uye vadetembi. Saka, litotes uye gudziramukanwa kazhinji kuwana kushandiswa muna satirical nyaya uye madimikira - mune ngano. Shanduro dzokududzira kushandiswa kuitira kudzivisa tataurirwazve ane unyanzvi murugwaro kana kutaura.

• Litotes - unyanzvi musiyapaduku. Somuenzaniso: Tine fekitari kushanda murimi mudiki ane nzara.
• Kupfupisa - yokutsiva mazita yakananga kurondedzera mashoko. Somuenzaniso: Kunyanya nhasi, yellow usiku chiedza (the Moon).
• Zvinofananidzira - mufananidzo abstrakti mufananidzo chinhu. Somuenzaniso: Human unhu - nemanomano, woumbwende, nenhetemwa - zvinoratidzwa muchimiro negava, tsuro, nebere.
• Gudziramukanwa - mazvokuda mhamhidzirwa. Somuenzaniso: shamwari yangu iri kusimba makuru nzeve, kukura musoro.

chirungamutauro

Pfungwa munyori ose - kuti zvinoshamisa muverengi uye hakurevi mhinduro matambudziko wakabvunzwa. A ndozvinoitawo runowanikwa kushandisa basa uri mibvunzo isina mhinduro, unodanidzira, rokukwirira default. izvi zvose - vakaita mudungwe munzira zvirungamutauro, mienzaniso izvo zvinogona avanoziva wose. kushandiswa kwavo mukutaura kwezuva nezuva vachifarirwa, chinhu chikuru - kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvakakodzera.

mubvunzo wokuti rakaiswa kuguma chirevo uye haatarisiri mhinduro kubva reader. Anoita tifunge nezvematambudziko kukurumidzirwa.

Isina mhinduro Kudanidzira rinoguma Zvinokosha nemutsetse. Achishandisa mufananidzo uyu, munyori zvinoda chiito. Kudanidzira kunofanira kureva "muhwezva".

Mienzaniso isina mhinduro nyaya dzinogona kuwanikwa Pushkin ( "To Chaadaev", "Kuna Gungwa"), Lermontov ( "Kufirwa nyanduri"), uyewo mamwe Classics zhinji. Hazvina rinoshanda kwete chairo munhu, asi kune rudzi rwose kana nguva yose. Kuishandisa ane oumhizha, mumwe munyori anogona mhosva kana nekusiyana, kubvuma zviito.

Isina mhinduro runyararo ari kushingaira kushandiswa lyrical digressions. Munyori haadi kutaura pfungwa dzake kuburikidza uye anopa kukonzera zvinotevera kufunga zvakanaka.

syntactic nenhamba

nzira yakadaro nokuramba kuvaka vaitaura uye anosanganisira shoko murayiro, kuti inogara nyora mavanga; ivo pave inonakidza uye dzinonakidza magadzirirwo vaitaura, saka munyori ose anoedza kushandisa mudungwe munzira idzi. Mienzaniso kunyanya kuoneka kana kuverenga chigadzirwa.

• Polysyndeton - achida kuwedzera kwenhamba mibatanidzwa vari kuroorwa.
• Asyndeton - hapana mibatanidzwa ari enumeration zvinhu, zviito, kana zviitiko.
• Syntactic parallelism - kuenzanisa vaviri mananara dzavo dzakafanana mifananidzo.
• Ellipsis - achida kusiya vakawanda mashoko mumutsetse.
• Inversion - kutyora hurongwa mashoko pakuvaka.
• Parcelling - chiziva weboka mutongo.

zvirungamutauro

Mudungwe munzira mumutauro wokuRussia, sezvinoenzanisirwa kumusoro, ndiye kusingaperi, asi musakanganwa kuti kune mumwe conditionally dzinounzwa chikamu achishandisa kutaura. Artistic Nhamba basa rinokosha mune zvokunyora uye achitaura.

• Anaphora - uchidzokorora pakutanga kutaura zvikamu.
• Epiphora - kudzokorora wokupedzisira kutaura zvikamu.
• Graduation - zvishoma nezvishoma uye nguva vachiwedzera kudenga kubva pane imwe pfungwa kuenda kune imwe.
• Pun - kushandiswa mune kumwe cheteko chete vachiridza mashoko anoreva zvakasiyana.
• Zvinyorwa zvokupikisa - nomusiyano wakakura pakati.
• Oxymoron - tichibatanidza pakatarisana zvine musoro mashoko.

Zviri mienzaniso tropes

Kusekondari, vakapedza kudzidza nevanhu mano uye philologists zvinokosha kuziva-siyana achishandisa unyanzvi kutaura, uye apo anoshandiswa mabasa chekare uye akararama. Kana muchida kuziva zvakawanda, ndedzipi nzira, tafura mienzaniso iwe kutsiva dzakawanda chaiko uye akaoma nyaya.

Basa pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti

Kushandiswa tropes mukutaura kwezuva nezuva kunosimudzira mumwe munhu anoita ake kuverenga uye vakadzidza. With dzakasiyana-siyana achishandisa unyanzvi okuti anogona kuwanikwa chero mabhuku basa, nhetembo kana prose. Mudungwe munzira kwokufananidzira, mienzaniso iyo inofanira kuziva uye kushandisa ose kuzvipira kuremekedza munhu asingadi kuva inonzwisisika kupatsanura, nekuti gore negore, nyanzvi dzemitauro, masayendisiti kuramba kuongorora nzvimbo iyi mutauro wokuRussia. Kana yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, vakanga vapora chete dimikira, metonymy uye synecdoche zvino mazita yakawedzera kupfuura zvakapetwa kagumi.