Basa iri pazita pakutaura. Kushandiswa emazita mukutaura

Category zvikamu kutaura mumutauro wokuRussia nderei Morphology. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vari rakakamurwa makirasi mana: akazvimirira, basa, modal (kana chiyamuro) Mashoko uye anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira. Wokutanga inoshanda kuti pazita. Kazhinji, unogona kunzi sezvo huru kwomutauro pfungwa.

Pazita sechikamu kutaura

duramazwi yedu ine zhinji mashoko anoratidza zvinhu, kungava vanhu, mhuka, zvimwe zvinhu kana zvinhu. emazita All izvi. Uyezve, pane zvisiri pachena, kusanganisira pachavo maitiro Somuenzaniso, kuvimbika, mutsa, negodo; vavete, kumhanya, kutamba, kuzvivaraidza. emazita vakadaro zvakare nyaya zvinhu sezvazviri uye anopindura mubvunzo "uyo?" kana "chii?".

Mashoko ose aya dzinonzi zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu zvinhu izvozvo morphological Mapato akadai munhurume, nhamba uye nyaya. Nokudaro, vari rakakamurwa nevanhukadzi matatu (rume, zvechikadzi, pakati), dzinosiyana nhamba (rimwechete uye muzvizhinji), uyewo nhanhatu nyaya.

Pazita sechikamu kutaura It ane kutanga chimiro muchimiro chezvinhu nominative kuchisazitasingwi: mudhori, musikana, chando, mufaro, shuga.

Basa iri pazita pakutaura

In Russian, nokuti mumwe 100 Mashoko pamusana 40 emazita. Idzowo 40% of lexical mamiriro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anenge ose shoko wechipiri nyaya kana pfungwa kuti anopindura mubvunzo "uyo?" kana "chii?". Nekuti zvakaoma kuona zvinoitwa pazita pakutaura.

Kazhinji, pasina ichi zvivakamutauro dzakabatana vangadai vasina zvizere chirairo. Mushure mutongo, sezvinoita mutemo, pane Links pakati zvinhu uye ukama pakati pavo, saka anenge mumwe nomumwe ane pazita, uye kazhinji kupfuura mumwe. Zvinorehwa chikamu chino kutaura inozivikanwa nyanzvi, akati VG Vetvitsky, zvaraireva se "chikwata chevaimbi zvivakamutauro" ose kufamba ari vakatarisa "kwaya" zvose - nemataundi mashoko nhaka chimiro uye anobvumirana naye.

It inoita basa rinokosha uye unoreva zvakawanda pamusoro emazita, uye kushandiswa kwawo senzira kuratidza mutauro (madimikira, epithets, kuenzanisa), uye kuvapo vazhinji, kwete chete zvakananga, asi yokufananidzira.

Kushandiswa emazita mukutaura

chikamu ichi wemigove rwokutaura mitsetse anoita chinhu chinokosha basa pakugadzirwa predicative zvigadziko. Somuenzaniso, imwe pazita anogona kuita chete inokosha izwi iri nominative mutongo. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiwo akatorwa naAlexander Blok, "usiku. Street. Lantern. Pharmacy ... "

Basa rokuti mune mubvunzo hakusi kudaro shoma. Somunhu Predicate, rinogona kwakunoitwa nominative munyika dzinonzi bicomponent zvirevo: "Mukoma wangu - mudzidzi", nokuumba kuti oblique nyaya rinoshandiswa senzira Distributor anotevera tsika:

• chinhu ( "Masha anozadza Diary");
• Nyaya ( "musikana waipenya uye kufara");
• attributive ( "Cabinet mukuru wakapamhama zvakakwana");
• Adverbial ( "Tose vakaungana pasuo").

Nokuti kuti pazita ane muchikwata che munhui uye nhamba, ine mano kubatanidzwa pamwe dzakasiyana siyana nekambani naye mashoko: akanaka (s) Mapfekero (I), akanaka (s) mufananidzo (s), akanaka (f) ruva (s).

Kushandiswa kongiri emazita

Zvichienderana hunhu vakaratidza tsika chikamu chino kutaura rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda, pakati zvinova unit (pizi, mashanga), zvinhu (mukaka, uchi, sirivha), kuunganidza (mashizha, jecha, mhuka). Asi zvichida kupfuura vazhinji uye kwakapararira pakushandisa kutaura - emazita, izvo zviri pakati kongiri uye zvisiri pachena.

The mutsara "kongiri emazita" nechekare zvakakwana kuona zviri muboka. Pfungwa iyi akadana zvinhu zvakasiyana uye mananara chokwadi. Mumwe peculiarity yavo kuti mashoko muchikwata-chaizvo emazita vari zvakakwana pamwe chero sezviverengo - zvose quantitative uye ordinal, uye rezvizhinji: nendumure maviri, mwana wechipiri, maviri nendumure; pencil maviri - wechipiri pencils.

Chechipiri chine - kukwanisa kuumba zvinochinja muuzhinji: ispăşire - nendumure pencils - mapenzura.

Kushandiswa chaihwoihwo emazita

Mazita izvo vamwe pfungwa husingaoneki, zvakare, ndiyo marongera yakasimba wokuRussia nemashoko. Mashoko aya - emazita, mazita kana kuratidzira zvimwe zvisiri pachena, chiito kana mamiriro (kurwisa, mufaro), unhu kana unhu (dzetsika, runako, yellowness).

Kusiyana abstrakti mazita chaiwo akashandiswa chete chete muchimiro - kana chete chete (kunyarara, Gloss, kuseka, zvakaipa), kana chete kakawanda (mevhiki, mazororo, sarudzo, yorubvunzavaeni). Uyewo, havagoni kubatanidzwa pamwe mufundisi nhamba. Usati, kunyarara matatu, maviri Gloss. Vamwe abstrakti emazita anogona kushandisa yakawanda adverbs - a shoma shoma - zvikuru, zvikuru, "Uye yakawanda vana vakauya mufaro!", "Achaunza dambudziko," "Uye zvakadini aiva nemhanza"!

Dzimwe nguva, kuti tizive chinhu chesamende kuratidzwa chaihwoihwo unhu, inogona kushandiswa muzvizhinji chimiro ichi: chando - akatinhira January frosts, yakadzika - kusvika zhinji yakadzika, runako - kunakidzwa runako zvakasikwa, etc.

Most kakawanda emazita mukutaura

Kana tikaedza kuongorora mashoko ose paavhareji Russian, tinogona kugumisa pamusoro kukurumbira mamwe mashoko anoshandiswa mariri. Zvinowanzoshandiswa, saka kutaura, emazita zvezuva nezuva. Muhurukuro chero munhu icharira mazita midziyo (chipunu, banga, forogo, mapoto, nezvimwewo), zvokudya (chingwa, mukaka, soseji, Pasta, etc.), Words chokuita basa, zvekufambisa, zvidzidzo.

Kuti uone kuti inowanzoshandiswa mukutaura kana kuti zita (zita pfungwa), philologists-masayendisiti kusika tsika maduramazwi. Vamwe vavo chete emazita, saka, kunobva pakudzidza yakadaro kuzochera zvimwe mhedziso. maduramazwi izvi zvinonzi maitikiro.

gore, vanhu, nguva, zvisinei, upenyu, zuva, ruoko, basa, shoko, nzvimbo: Mune rimwe mazita aya ezviuru emazita vakapiwa mashoko anotevera akanga kupfuura kakawanda.

Nouns mukutaura hwemwana

Kubva pfungwa nemaonero masayendisiti, kunyange chinyakare murume, achiziva nyika yakatipoteredza, kuongorora hunhu uye ayo mananara, achivapa zita ravo. Mazita aya pamusoro nguva yakatarwa mumutauro amarudzi, ndinosika nemashoko ake. Saizvozvowo, emazita kuonekwa mukutaura hwomwana. amai, baba, mukadzi, Kitty, etc.: anoita izvi kutanga ataura mashoko kwavari Kid kufanana vekare vanhu, zvakare, nechido achitarisa tarisa uye anoda kuziva zita iri kana kuti chinhu, uye ipapo mamwe yepamusoro pfungwa.

Saka, nokufamba kwenguva, kuitika vana associative Links, chakazovapo kunowedzerwa pamwe emazita itsva. Somuenzaniso, mwana anoziva uswa, uye ipapo kana anoziva kuti iye ane imwe ruvara, zvikamuka, uye shoko "munyoro." Shoko "rusvingo" zvichienderana acho anova "nyama" - zvidhina, ibwe, namatanda. Uye mashoko aya, zvakare, vari zvishoma zvinosanganisirwa duramazwi kwemwana.

mhedziso

Noun, kureva chinhu kana chiitiko, rinoati ari Mupfungwa yakazara. Saka, zvingava mazita zvinhu uye zvinhu (dhesiki, notibhuku, bhuku, wenguo), zvinhu (pendi, furawa, alkali), zvisikwa zvipenyu zvipenyu (murume, katsi, Starling, bacillus), zviitiko, mananara, chokwadi (dhanzi, dutu, mufaro), nzvimbo mazita, mazita uye surnames evanhu, uyewo unhu, zvivako, zviito, inoti (mutsa, pfungwa, kufamba, hope). Mienzaniso yose iyi unoshamisa tishandise emazita.

Uchibatsirwa zvavo zviri nyore kufamba mumigwagwa guta, kuverenga zviratidzo, nekuti mazita nemasangano nemasangano anomiririra chikamu ichi kutaura. Saizvozvowo, nyore kufungidzira ichakurukurwa mubhuku kana nyaya (musoro, sezvo mutemo, pane pazita). It anganzi dangwe, rakajairika, kupfuura yakazvimirira, chinonyanya kukosha uye vaitungamirira mugove girama.

Hazvibviri kuti anobvumirana L. kubvuma, rinorondedzerwa basa rimwe pazita iri kutaura, achihudana chingwa mutauro. Zvinokosha chigadzirwa ichi muupenyu hwomunhu hunokosha chaizvo, uye muchikwata ichi muna kushanda mutauro.