Morphological howa chokuratidza

Nokufamba hunobatsira basa evanhu kumhuka pfungwa chimiro. In rondedzero mhuka iri pfungwa kare kuiswa Aristotle. Zvisinei, nguva zvakakwana refu, tsanangudzo "rudzi" haana rusununguko zvesayenzi kugutsikana uye rinoshandiswa senzira musoro izwi. Status kupatsanura chikwata anoongorora pfungwa awana mukufamba taxonomy. Dzhon Rey (Chirungu zvakasikwa) akakurukura pfungwa chakafanana sezvo chimwe chezvinonhuwira taxonomy. Panyaya iyi, masayendisiti zvitatu zvinokosha unhu chikwata ichi rave dzinounzwa. Saka, tarirai, maererano Ray, ndiyo-siyana zvinenge, izvo kubudikidza zvakafanana mavambo inozivikanwa. Ichi hurongwa chikwata anosanganisa morphological uye vasiri maitiro yakafana nhengo. Uyezve, iye ari rinozvibereka hurongwa.

Origin Rey vaiona huru chakarurama. Somuenzaniso, imwe mhando zvakasikwa vaiti miti yakafanana kuti bereka kubva mbeu warwo mhando.

A chinokosha rokuwedzera pfungwa kwemarudzi, uyewo kwayo kudzamisa kuitika kuburikidza nebasa Linnaeus, uyo akaratidza kuti mhando ariko zvokutanga uye irambe chairema zvakasikwa, vakaparadzana nemamwe marudzi. Pfungwa iyi yave kushandiswa sezvo huru kupatsanura mhuka uye zvinomera. Zvisinei, tichitarisa nguva sechinhu migumisiro rokusika chiito.

Lamarck akazivisa zvaainyora nzvimbo kuti zvakasikwa pane kuramba taxonomic vamapoka nemhuka. Forms vari dzichichinja, kushandura, zvinochinja kuva nemamwe marudzi. Panyaya iyi, maererano Lamarck, mutana enderana kubatana haangaparadzaniswi kubva mutsva. Nokudaro, zvakasikwa French vakagumisa kuti nokumunyima chaiyoiyo kwemarudzi, nharo kuti pfungwa pakukura.

YaDarwin dzidziso yakavakirwa imwe nzvimbo. Urongwa uhwu kwave nesayenzi isimbiswe. Maererano Virtual mhando chaiyo nokuda nhoroondo kukura vakadhakwa rwokuzvarwa vakasarudzwa. Mune misoro kudzidza enderana dzakabatana akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze maererano yaDarwin dzidziso. Nokudaro, kudzidza chaiitirwa mhando morphological kuti zvinodiwa, uyewo experimental, masero kudzidza marongerwo nenzira kwayo inotungamirwa. Zviitwa izvi zvave mukuenderera mururamisire yevagari chine chokuita enderana kubatana sezvo huru chimiro kukura uye kuvapo makemikari nyika yose.

Nhasi, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti makemikari svikiro chinosanganisira zvakasiyana siyana muupenyu siyana. Panguva "mhando" imwe zvakasikwa chakajairika mune zvose zvakasikwa. Vaiona enderana chikwata yakaumbwa achitevedza shanduka kuchinja kunokonzerwa nenjodzi dzinongoitika vakasarudzwa. Somugumisiro, zviri imwe danho (kubatana) kukura zvipenyu uye Nde chimiro nezvokuvapo upenyu panyika.

Humwe howa yakasiyana nevamwe vari kutaridza nevakawanda maitiro - zvinodiwa. Pamwe chete, izvi zvinhu zviri kuumbwa chokwadi enderana dzakabatana.

Morphological dzekuziva nadzo zvipenyu zvichienderana nokuvapo vose vanhu rimwe marudzi mamwe nhaka unhu. Vanhu mukati chete Unit zvakanyatsorongwa, mune mamwe mazwi, vane zvemukati uye kwokunze mamiriro akafanana. Morphological chokuratidza mhando anoonekwa kuti zvikuru nyore nyore chiratidzo. Uyezve, ichi chinoratidza taxonomists kare kuiswa nezvimwe zviratidzo panguva imwe nguva yakanga zvinokosha. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti morphological chokuratidza mhando iwayo hama. Nyaya iyi iri inodiwa asi kwete zvakakwana. The morphological mhando yokuedzwa haabvumiri kusiyanisa enderana dzakabatana kuva nouchapupu kufanana yakarongeka, asi regai interbreed pamwe mumwe. Somuenzaniso, mashoko hurongwa chikwata-Paarismängud. Saka, zita "anopheles" zvinosanganisira anenge gumi nemashanu dzemarudzi vari indistinguishable chitarisiko, asi kare vaiona imwe mhuka. Unowanikwa kuti vanenge 5% vezvikwata vose enderana dzomuzana. Saka morphologic dzekuziva kwemarudzi ingasava chete chinoratidza kusiyana.