Transnistrian hondo: saizi, akafanana

Kuparara Soviet Union yaiva nekaupenyu pasingashandiswi ropa. Vagari venyika chinoda, achangobva vaionekwa hanzvadzi, ruzhinji vaitsigira pfungwa kuparadzana dzinozvitonga inoti netariro yokuti upenyu ichava nyore, dzakapfuma uye zvakawanda vasingakendengi. To simba munyika dzakawanda vachangosvika vakakwidziridzwa vezvourudzi nounyanzvi se vanotsigira hweruzhinji uye vanonzi "tsika dzokuMadokero."

Next akatanga kurwa kuti chakaitika mune yaimbova Soviet Union iri panguva iyoyo, kuti zvimwe zvinovhiringidza. Vari vaguely kunzi interethnic kurwisana, asi havasi muduku kudeurwa kweropa hondo vemo. Handisi kugara parutivi uye akadzikama uye murunyararo Moldova. Utungamiri The zvokuvhoterwa wacho akasarudza vagadze hurumende kubatana nechisimba pasina kufungisisa zvimwe zviri nhau kukura munyika. Kusiyana muchiuto uchinzvera ichi ikoko hondo Transnistrian, munguva pfupi zvava kupfuura zvakanaka munharaunda, uye zvinobudirira vamutye kurwisa. Uye nhasi, anenge kota zana?

History of Moldova uye Transdniestria

Sezvo nguva Dacia Moldova haana anotonga mamiriro. Vazhinji nharaunda ano vaiva 1940 woumambo Romania, uye dzidzo yenyika muSoviet Ukraine ane chete kodzero kuzvionera. Shure maviri zvawataura wataura hapana chinochinja mumhanzi neDare Hurumende USSR, yeRomania hurumende rakapiwa nzira yose Bessarabia, achiratidza mumwe ungwaru. Zvikasadaro, Dzvuku Army, hapana mubvunzo, kuti vakashandisa simba kuti kuwedzera miganhu USSR. Pakutanga June 1940 VII Session of USSR Supreme Council pamutemo akasimbisa Moldavian SSR sechikamu mukuru wehurumende ari mubatanidzwa. The MSSR zvaisanganisira 6 Aimbova mumaruwa Romanian uye 6 SSR kumatunhu kare akaumba zvionera zvokuvhoterwa MASSR. Pashure pehondo, muganhu Moldova kwakaita, asi chete zvishoma. Sezvineiwo akachinja 50 fung - 80 ndipo uye national Kuronga vanhu mumaguta Tiraspol uye Bendery vaitama nyanzvi uye pamudyandigere vechiuto nevamwe kumatunhu ari USSR. Panguva yakaoma yokurwisana vazhinji vavo akaumba rekuUnited hondo Transnistria.

Mapfumbamwe rokutanga gore

Muna 1991, pashure risiti National rusununguko, zvakava pachena kuti chikamu chikuru chavagari Moldova vanorota reunification pamwe Romania. Pasi pfungwa iyi rakaiswa pamusoro enhoroondo nechigadziko, kusanganisira nhema dzinoti vanonzi ukama hwaivapo pakati pamarudzi mbiri, mumwe European mukuru, uye mumwe, duku imwe. In nyasha dzidziso iyi akati, uye akapotsa kwakakwana nezvezvisikwa mitauro, vakawanda guru vaizviti vechitendero, uye kufanana tsika zhinji. Zvisinei, paiva nomumwe. vanhu vakwegura kuyeuka kuti vari Romanian vokuMoldova youmambo kubatwa somunhu mhando zvisikwa zvakasiyana zvemarudzi, mujenya yaiva dzinoreva basa iri musango.

Kunyange zvakadaro, pfungwa akaita akabatwa pfungwa uye Supreme Council zvakakomba kubata mubvunzo zvichibvira kusangana, kwete kunyange kubvunza kana vachida "mukoma guru" kuti vabatane pamwe "muduku". izvi zvose zvakatungamirira kuti vagari Dubossary, Tiraspol uye Bender vakaratidza kusawirirana kwavo kosi vakadzinganiswa hurumende of Republic of Moldova uye akasika Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. Ichi chitsva quasi-hurumende idzodzo awana zvose zvaiva nechokuita anotonga nyaya mutemo dzakawanda, de jure haisi yakadaro. Kutaura zvazviri Transnistrian hondo (zvino rainzi Republican Guard) hwagadzwa September 24, 1991. Pasina aifanira kurwa.

hondo

Papera rinenge gore, June 19, 1992, zviremera zvomuMoldova vakasarudza kudzorera miganhu kuvimbika nechisimba. Wokutanga kurwisana kwakaitika Dubossary muna March 1991, uye iye zvino vakanga kumucheto Bender. Kupikiswa mapurisa zvomuMoldova uye vamapoka muchiuto yakapiwa mauto Transnistrian zvamazvirokwazvo Boka nevarwi vanozvipira, kurutivi dzakanga asvika nharo munharaunda Cossack dzakabatana. Kuwedzera uwandu vanyatsowana kwakabatsira vakawanda vanobatwa pakati rehurumende kwevanhu uye eChechi kurutivi yokurwisa. Rechi14 hondo Russian muna Transnistria haana kutora kutaurawo, asi armories ayo vakatorwa pasi kudzorwa TMR Sun Mugumisiro kwemakore yehondo vaiva nezviuru akafa kumativi ose, uye stalemate pamberi. Mumwe wokutanga kuedza nechisimba kumanikidza vanhu "kuda nyika" Saka, muna 1992, akaratidza zvakakwana kusabetsera weuto kuvhiyiwa kuzorwa anopamba rinotsigirwa vanhu. Chidzidzo ramangwana haana kuenda sezvinoita "kushanda" anoenderera nhasi.

wokutanga mukuru

The Republican Guard akasikwa achitungamirirwa varwi nyanzvi chechikoro Soviet, chii vaiva vose vehondo muna Transnistria. mutevedzeri mutungamiri Republican Guard, Colonel SG wokutanga wavo akanga Borisenko, uye ipapo Stefan Kitsak, musoja Afghanistan, akanga ashumira kare muna rechi14 zamnachshtaba mauto. Ndiye akasika sechivako muchiuto uye akapedza wokutanga kuroorana mabasa. In kuwa 1992, pambiru Defence Minister chikatsiviwa S. G. Hazheev uyewo zvikuru vanokwanisa mukuru, uyo akapa vazhinji hwake kushumira muSoviet Army. Vachitungamirirwa ake, vakanga kurongwazve muchiuto vari harimboonekwi zvokuvhoterwa, izvo zvakaita muuto Transnistrian akava akaoma simba kuti akapfuudza revarwi kugona kuti muvengi kunge huru romunharaunda, pasinei nokuti iye anenge aine zvisingachashandi zvombo ivhu anogadzirwa USSR. Pari nemauto pamusoro Moldova, avo mwero kukura uye nezvombo, akasiya kuedza rechiuto mhinduro kune miganhu dambudziko.

zvinogona muvengi

Uto Romanian muna Transnistria haana panguva hondo, asi kubatsira vari kuronga kuti "wokusunungurwa chirongwa" vatariri nyika ino, zvingangoita kuti, uyewo vazvipiri vasvika. Mumakore kubva muzhizha hondo 1992, dzidzo munyika NATO uye Russian Federation zvave vakuru vazhinji muchiuto kweMoldova. Zvisinei, The mugumisiro kudzidziswa uku, zviri pasi, sezvo chombo, dziri chokwadi dzinoshandiswa kweuto nenyika ndivo yechinyakare. The chikuru echoto nomurayiro vashandi runoonekwa kuva chikoro uto Alexandru cel Bun muChisinau. Moldovan National Army (US) zvinosanganisira maviri mhando Mauto (nyika uye mhepo), ayo mudonzvo kwete anopfuura mana uye hafu mauto chiuru. US kweSangano rakakamurwa zvikwata zvitatu:

- "Moldova" (Balti).

- "Stefan cel Mare" (Chisinau).

- "Dacia" (Cahul).

Inosanganisirawo hondo Moldova anochengetedza runyararo rechiuto (22th), iyo "enda" anenge zvose vakashumira kwemwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga (zvachose vanounganidzwa kuti gore).

ZvomuMoldova Uto Matangi imomo, ndege uye helicopters dzinoturwa asi yokufananidzira.

Branch mamiriro huripo zuva PMR

Chaizvo nenhoroondo zvose anotarira Transnistrian hondo, izvo vaisvika 7.5 zviuru vanhu. Zvinoriumba chinoitirwa vanopinza uye chibvumirano nenheyo. Kwesangano mamiriro kazhinji nowenyika zvomuMoldova, pamwe emunharaunda zvetsandanyama nemapfupa dislocation. Brigades (mapoka) dziri mana mumaguta pakukura (Tiraspol, Bendery, Dubossary uye Rybnitsa). In nomumwe wavo - matatu michini inifanduri battalions, izvo, akavapindurawo, dzine mapoka mana. Mukuwedzera, chikwata anopinda dhaka bhatiri uye vakaparadzana platoons (imwe engineering kukurukurirana). Uwandu mumwe weboka - rimwe uye hafu mauto chiuru.

Matangi uye atirari

Source PMR maoko mikombe simbi zhizha hondo 1992, izvo haana nguva yokubva muchiuto rimire Transnistria. Matangi mhando nhatu (T-72, T-64B uye T-55), yaipedzerwa yavo vanofungidzirwa kuva makumi manomwe, asi avo ezvinhu zvakanaka, maererano nenyanzvi, hapana anopfuura 18.

Heavy atirari anewo mu sezvamunoita 40 hurongwa BM-21 "Grad", vatatu gumi nevaviri pfuti uye howitzers uye mumaturi pamusoro calibres siyana, ZSU "Shilka" uye kuzvidzora propelled pfuti.

Kunze inorema zvombo dzinoshandiswa weuto PMR ndiye uye chiine nzira kuparadza izvo nekusimba vanobudirira munguva anoitika zvakapfuura emakore - MANPADS ( "Arrow", "tsono", "Arc"), RPG (7, 18, 22, 26, 27) uye LNG-9. Kuti tikurire Motokari warrior (iro Moldova ane kushanda kwete, kunze BMP uye BMD) zvakagadzirirwa Anti-tangi asingandirayiridzi zvombo "Fagot", "Baby" uye "Competition".

avhiyesheni

Chokwadi chokuti Transnistria une mhepo simba pachake, vanhu vakafanana vaipemberera musi paruzhinji mazororo, umo vagari Pridnestrovie kunoratidza hondo. Zvisinei, Kuronga uye zvekushandisa nezvikepe, ndizvo chaizvo aizvininipisa. Mashoma ndege uye helicopters, 29 vavo zvaikodzera navanoita AN-2 uye AN-26 zvakagadzirirwa mitoro uye yokufambisa kana kumhara parachutists (VDV ndiyewo iripo), uye nemitambo Yak-18.

Mune zvinhu hwemazuva rwisana zvakananga rutsigiro mauto vangava rotorcraft, uyewo kweSoviet, izvo, Zvisinei, kuchiri mubasa munyika dzakawanda - the Mi-24, Mi-8 uye Mi-2.

Panyaya Air Force pamutemo Moldova ndiro mukuru, ane Zvisinei, mumwe pasi kurwisa ndege-interceptor third-29, akavasiya zvishoma, kunyanya mune zvakanaka. Ruzhinji Soviet motokari nemauto chatengeswa kwose.

chengetedza

Pane chimwe chinokosha icho akasiyana ehondo yekudyidzana zvombo Moldova uye Transnistria hondo. PMR nhamba iri chiitiko kutyisidzira kungawedzera zvinopfuura zvakapetwa kagumi nokuda kuunganidza vana reservists. Dziine kudzidzisazve varanda uye varume kudanda, uyewo avo mari dzinoitwa nguva dzose, uye voruzhinji vavo muchiuto havatsvaki kunzvenga, kusanganisira vaya chepamusoro muhurumende. Uyezve, pane kuparadzana Cossack hondo, chikwata of Interior hwoUmambo uye KGB. Vakaparadzana rechiuto chaiyo "Delta" uye "Dniester" vashandi ne vakanyatsodzidziswa nyanzvi, mumwe zvake ari mapurisa, anonziwo kuonekwa vapfumi. Enzanisa - mukuru kuunganidza kweMoldova kuchengeterwa pedyo zviuru zana vanhu, kunyange zvazvo water drainage vomuUmambo kubva nyika zvakakwirira chaizvo, uye kuyera nacho chinangwa zvakaoma, zvose quantitatively uye qualitatively. Fees nokudzidziswa reservists munyika kwave kwemakore akawanda.

Chii kuita Russian muna Transnistria?

Mauto Russian muna Transnistria wakatangwa muna 1992 sezvo chikamu anochengetedza runyararo mauto. The vomunzvimbo akakwazisa nayo sevaponesi dzavo, uye kunyange zvakananga mukurwa varwi Armed Forces havana kubatanidzwa, asi mukukunda Transnistria zvikurukuru chikwereti navo. Kana, pamberi kuparara Soviet 14th Army aiva chidhakwa-basa sando pamwe, asi nhasi riri anenge zvachose kubvisa mundima Russian Federation. Uwandu uto Russian muna Transnistria iri pari kwete proveschal varwi zviuru zvitatu uye zviuru zvavo vasiri varwi. A chinokosha inorwara vacho vagari vemo akatora citizenship mhiko yacho uye Russian Federation. Zvavari kuita uye rudzii basa vari?

peacekeepers

Anochengetedza runyararo rechiuto aripo Transnistria kubudikidza OSCE murayiro zvinosanganisira 335 servicemen Russian. Kunze izvi, vadyi kudzora zvinhu kuitwa nevamiririri vehondo zvombo Moldova (453 vanhu), PMR (490 pers.) Uye vanocherechedza kubva kuUkraine (10 pers.).

Munguva yose iyoyo yakapfuura kubvira pakatanga ari mapazi hondo anochengetedza runyararo simba, kwete nyaya kuroorwa kushandiswa zvombo, hapana munhu akaurawa.

Vashoma murwiyo uye ayo mabasa vari zvakasimba nevamwe rakakomba nharo pamusoro akaparidza Moldovan, uye pamisi ichangobva kupfuura, Ukrainian vezvourudzi zvekungofungira pamusoro zvichipomerwa hasha hunhu chokuvapo wokuRussia munzvimbo.

Security chengetedzo № 1411

Uto Russian muna Transnistria anoita chimwe basa rinokosha. Kwete kure kune musha Rybnitsa Kolbasna kuti yaizova unremarkable kugarwa kana nemakapoteredza vasiri riri monstrous zvombo chakazara nharaunda 130 hectares. Kune Mabhomba uye vazhinji nevamwe muchiuto pfuma kubviswa Eastern Europe uye zvakachengetwa kubva kare. The zvachose kurema zvinoputika zviri zvombo, anopfuura 20 kilotons, kureva simba pedyo mabhomba bhomba "Kakomana" paHiroshima. Chii chokuita nhumbi ichi ngozi nhasi, hapana anoziva. Storage mamiriro achiipa pamwe roga gore, midziyo kazhinji kuparadzwa. Chete nhamba watopiwa akachenurwa, asi nguva ikako hwakanyarara.

83rd uye 113th vakaparadzana motorized Guards uye 540th rechiuto vebasa uye kudzivirirwa haabvumirwi kuitika tsaona yakaipisisa.

Chii chakazoitika?

Nhasi, Transnistria rakamanikana kanyika nyika sandwiched pakati nyika utsinye, Moldova uye Ukraine, chaizvoizvo akazivisa blockade pamusoro harimboonekwi zvokuvhoterwa. Pakadaro, ona PMR hondo kumusoro takamuka. Vesa kumwezve kurwisana nezvombo munharaunda yaimbova USSR, kunze kunotadzisa chimwe chete simba - vanoyananisa. A kuedza chechipiri nokusangana Transnistria pamwe Moldova angaita guru mudambudziko. Mubvunzo sei zvinobudirira kukwanisa kushandisa PMR mauto nhasi haisi hwatakazvarwa. Chinhu chikuru - kudzivisa hondo zvachose.