Mhuka - ndiyo mirairo mhuka .... mammalian mhando

Mhuka kana mhuka - ndiwo zvikuru kwazvo akarongeka vertebrates. Kugadzirwa tsinga, zvokudya mhuru mukaka, mhenyu kubereka, inodziya-bloodedness akavabvumira kupararira dzakawanda munyika uye tora dzakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo. Mhuka - imhuka kuti kurarama mumasango (dzomusango, Stony, hares, makava, mhumhi), makomo (makwai, mbudzi dzomumakomo), steppes uye Semi-mumarenje (inosvetuka, hamsters, squirrels, saiga zvayo) muvhu (nhuta makonzo uye moles) mumakungwa uye makungwa (Dolphins, hove huru). Vamwe vavo (semuenzaniso, zviremwaremwa), vanopedza nguva yavo vanoshingaira upenyu mudenga. Nhasi tinoziva kuti ariko vanopfuura zviuru 4 marudzi emhuka. Mirairo mhuka, uyewo unhu hwemhuka - ichi zvose ichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Ngatitange nematsananguriro mamiriro avo.

zvekunze mamiriro

izvi mhuka muviri akafuka mvere (ayo zvisaririra zviri kunyange hove huru). Kusiyanisa zvinonyadzisa bvudzi kururamisa (nomuzongoza) uye dzakaonda ichitenderera (undercoat). From kusvibiswa uye nokurasa undercoat inodzivirira nomuzongoza. Shinda mammalian pabutiro anogona chete umbwa (semuenzaniso, nondo) kuti musana, kana undercoat (sezvo moles). Mhuka idzi nguva nenguva rakateurwa. In mhuka, sezvamakaropafadzwa arambe achirema dzinosiyana makushe, uye dzimwe nguva makara. Ganda mhuka ndivo bvudzi follicles, ziya uye mumasero sebaceous uye okunatsiridza dzavo (samafuta uye odorous gland), horny zviyero (kufanana muswe kuti beavers uye makonzo), uye dzimwe nyanga inotungamirwa kuitika paganda (nyanga, mahwanda, zvipikiri, nenzara). Tichitarisa mamiriro ari mhuka, tinoona kuti makumbo dziri pasi muviri uye zvinopa mhuka idzi yakawanda kufamba akakwana.

marangwanda

The dehenya wavo dzinokudziridzwa cranium zvakasimba. In mhuka, mazino vari shaya masero. Kazhinji vanenge rakakamurwa mudzi, canines uye incisors. The remuromo nomuzongoza rinoumbwa zvinenge zvose mhuka nomwe vertebrae. Vari movably zvakabatana mumwe, kunze maviri sacral uye caudal, izvo zvikure pamwe kuumba sacrum - imwe pfupa. Mbabvu vari zvine kune thoracal vertebrae, idzo yemanyorero kubva 12 kusvika 15. vakawanda mhuka bhandi forelimb fomu aiwanzopiwa wokushanda chipande uye clavicle. Shomanana mhuka zvinochengeteka rarira mapfupa. The chiuno ine mbiri mapfupa pelvic fused pamwe sacrum. Marangwanda muzvidimbu - zvakadai mapfupa uye madhipatimendi, uyewo mamwe vamiririri mana makumbo marefu vertebrates.

Chii mhuka anoona?

Mhuka - imhuka, vane nzeve kubatsira kunhonga munhuhwi, uyewo kuona nhungamiro yavo. meso avo kutsumwaira uye eyelashes. On maoko nemakumbo, dumbu, riri musoro ndebvu - refu, zvinonyadzisa bvudzi. Mhuka kuzvishandisa kunzwa kunyange zvishoma kubata kune nyaya.

Mabviro mhuka

Uyewo shiri, mhuka - ndivo vazukuru nezvinokambaira yekare. Izvi runoratidzwa yokufanana zvemhuka ano vane nezvinokambaira ano. Zvikurukuru, kunoratidzwa muna tanga mudumbu kukura. Kunyange zvakawanda uchapupu zvakafanana chakawanikwa navo mhuka-kufanana dzvinyu, yakatotsakatika makore akawanda apfuura. Uyewo kuti ukama zvinokambaira nayo ndechokuti pane mhuka kuti mazai ane zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri. Vamwe mhuka idzi vane cloaca, mapfupa dzakabudirira rarira uye zvimwe zviratidzo okunyevera yakaderera sangano. Zviri pamusoro yinotheria (zai kwenheyo). We vachakuudza zvakawanda pamusoro pavo.

yinotheria

Zviri subclass kupfuura chinyakare mhuka kurarama nhasi. Pamwe chete zvinhu kare ambotaurwa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti havana kugara muviri tembiricha. Mammary shwanu yinotheria vasina minyatso. Young vakarangana kubva mazai, licking mukaka kubva raamai mbava.

The monotremes - chimwe chikwata kunovasiyanisa subclass ichi. Izvi zvinosanganisira 2 mhando: yacho echidna uye platypus. mhuka idzi dzinogona ikozvino kuwanika Australia, uye zvitsuwa yakabatana nayo. Platypus - svikiro kadikidiki mhuka. Iye anoda kugara menzizi pano munhu Semi-hwemvura mararamiro. Gomba rakacherwa vapinde pamawere pamahombekombe, anopedza nguva. Platypus chitubu hadzi mazai (kazhinji vari vaviri) rinokosha buri, asi akashongedzerwa nesting kamuri. Venyoka - burrowing mhuka. muviri wavo yakafukidzwa zvakasimba shinda netsono. Nhunzvi yemhuka muvete chete zai, izvo vakagovera muhomwe - mafuro ganda, riri pamusoro mudumbu. Hatchling, vakarangana pairi, kusvikira muhomwe kusvikira muviri hariwaniki tsono.

marsupials

Mhuka vanosanganisira marsupials yokuzviparadzanisa vari kuvabereka muduku saibva ipapo anopfeka navo chaiyo mubhegi. Vari havaratidzi yakatanga kana kwete placenta aumbwa. Marsupials kunyanya kupararira Australia, uyewo pazvitsuwa yakabatana nayo. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - the marsupial Bear (koala) uye hofori kangaroos.

Mbeswa

Insectivorous - chikwata kuti rinobatanidza yekare chinyakare placental mhuka: hedgehogs, shrews, moles, muskrats. Munyaradze zvavo elongated, ane elongated proboscis. In meno duku insectivorous, uye tsoka dzavo digits shanu. Vakawanda vavo vari pedyo muswe mudzi kana muviri mativi vari mumasero odorous.

Shrew - duku vamiririri insectivores. Yavanogara nomumatondo, nemiti, batana masango. zvisikwa izvi voracious uye kurwisa mhuka duku. Munguva yechando nguva, vari tichigadzira chando unotii uye kuwana nezvipembenene.

Moles - mhuka, kutungamirira munhu pachivande mararamiro. Vanopaza nemakumbo avo pamberi vakawanda maburi. Pamusangano nhuta meso havana ruzivo dzakabudirira uye nhema Dots. In paucheche ndivo nzeve. Short gobvu bhachi rine zvimwe negwara uye inonyatsoenderana naka kuti muviri kana uchifamba. Moles zvinoshingaira gore rose.

cheiroptera

Yokuzviparadzanisa zviremwaremwa zviremwaremwa kana zvinosanganisira nhengo dzaro mhuka svikiro uye zviduku hukuru, izvo vanokwanisa yakasimbisa kutiza. Munguva subtropics uye dzinopisa vari kunyanya vazhinji. Meno izvi mhuka Mbeswa mhando. Rakajairika munyika plecotus Leather yedu, vechornytsi. Vamiririri zviremwaremwa kugara attics mudzimba pamihoronga miti, mumapako. Masikati vanosarudza kurara dzinochengeterwa dzavo, uye mambakwedza kuuya abate nezvipembenene.

nemakonzo

boka iri rinounza pamwechete chetatu mhuka marudzi kuti vagere redu nhasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapuroteni, squirrels, makonzo, mbeva, uye dzimwe mhuka svikiro uye diki kukura. Nemakonzo vari kunyanya - mhuka herbivorous. Ivo vakava zvakasimba incisors (mu nechimwe rushaya - maviri), kuti molars kuva sandara dög pemvura. No Midzi incisors ose nemakonzo. Vari kuramba richikura, kuzvicheka-acharodza uye kusakadzwa pasi nokudya zvokudya. Ruzhinji nemakonzo ane refu ura pamwe cecum. Nemakonzo vari arboreal (dormouse, kubhururuka squirrels, squirrels), uyewo Semi-hwemvura (muskrat, Nutria, beavers) uye Semi-pevhu (muvhu squirrels, makonzo, mbeva). mhuka iyi iwane. Vazhinji vacho vaduku vari bofu uye mushutu. Izvi zvinowanzoda kunoitika muna matendere, zvanza uye maburi.

lagomorphs

boka iri inobatanidza mhando dzakasiyana shiri, tsuro uye pikas - mhuka, zvakafanana zhinji kuremekedza nemakonzo. Zviri yakananga dentition chikuru chinokosha lagomorphs. Vane 2 aricheke diki shure 2 pamusoro guru. Tsuro (tsuro, tsuro) kufura omuti kuti nemiti uye vaduku miti, uswa. Vakabuda zvokudya mumadekwana uye usiku. Young vari kuberekwa anoona zvakanaka, pamwe gobvu mbava. Kusiyana shiri, tsuro kuchera burrows that yakadzika. Female kuberekwa kupfeka uye vechiduku bofu anoita dendere kuti pasi, iye kuminyuka kunze mazamu wake, uyewo uswa.

Mbeswa

Vamiririri boka iri (mabheya, weasels, the marten, yokuSpain, makava, makava, mapere) kufudza Kazhinji shiri nedzimwe mhuka. dzinodya dzimwe mhuka zvavangauraya nokushingaira vakatevera. Meno mhuka idzi rakakamurwa incisors, canines uye zvizvarwa. Chinonyanya dzakasimukira ndivo canines, uye 4 molars. The vamiririri boka iri pfupi ura. Izvi imhaka yokuti dzinodya dzimwe mhuka kudya nyore digestible uye mukuru-mafuta zvokudya.

pinnipeds

We avapo pinnipeds hanya. Vamiririri dzavo (walruses, nemicherechedzo) - guru dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya zvomumvura mhuka. Neapo zvinonyadzisa nebvudzi akafukidza muviri vakawanda vavo. Makumbo yemhuka idzi dzakachinjwa kuti flippers. A gobvu rukoko mafuta ari rakachengetedzwa pasi ganda ravo. The wemhino akasvinurira chete panguva inhalation uye nedzinovengwa. Kana mitambo yomumvura makomba nzeve dzakavharika.

cetacea

Izvi zvomumvura mhuka - hove huru uye Dolphins - tiri chikamu kukupfura ichi. Muviri wavo hove-kufanana chimiro. Izvi zvomumvura mhuka nokuda kworutivi havafaniri bvudzi muviri - Vanochengetwa zvakapoteredza muromo chete. The flippers tinoshandurirwa forelimbs uye hadzi vasipo. Kufamba cetaceans inokosha chaizvo muswe simba, iyo inoguma iri caudal zenze. Wrong kutaura kuti zvomumvura mhuka - hove. Ndivo mhuka, kunyange kunze akafanana hove. Vamiririri cetaceans - the mhuka pakukura. Blue whale anosvika kureba mamita 30.

artiodactyls

In chikwata ichi zvinosanganisira mhuka svikiro kadikidiki uye makuru omnivorous uye herbivorous. Tsoka dzavo vane 2 kana 4 minwe, vakawanda akafukidzwa namahwanda. Maererano STRUCTURAL zviri mudumbu uye zvokudya nzira zvavari rakakamurwa asiri ruminant uye ruminant. Ekupedzisira (makwai, mbudzi, nondo) matanda chete yepazasi shaya molars zviri pahupamhi dög pemvura. In non-ruminant chete-kamuri dumbu, uye meno ake vari rakakamurwa mudzi, canines uye incisors.

solipeds

Tinoramba kurondedzera mapoka mhuka. Solipeds - ava mhuka, samabhiza, mbizi, nembongoro, tapirs, rhinoceroses. Netsoka dzavo vazhinji vavo vakava pamusoro munwe, iro pane wandisa namahwanda. Nhasi, ari mabhiza dzomusango vakapunyuka bhiza Przewalski chete.

primates

Izvi ndiyo zvikuru dzakabudirira mhuka. Yokuzviparadzanisa zvinosanganisira prosimians uye tsoko. Vane prehensile mapazi pamwe digits shanu, napagumwe roruoko anodzivisa vamwe. Anenge zvose primates vane muswe. Ruzhinji vavo kurarama subtropics uye dzinopisa. Ivo vanogara mumasango, uko vanogara diki emhuri kana makwai.

Mhuka, shiri, nezvinokambaira, amphibians - vose inogona kurondedzerwa yakareba chaizvo nguva. We chete zvishoma kutsanangura mhuka, akarondedzera huripo dzakabatana. Mhuri mhuka dziri-siyana uye vakawanda, sezvo iwe achangobva kuona. Kujairirana nayo, tariro wanga zvichibatsira.