Ndiani nyanduri, zvakasiyana kubva munyori

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo, uyo ari nyanduri, hazvina kukwana kuti uratidzike muduramanzwi. In shanduro kubva muchiGiriki - nyanduri. Asi kwete chinhu senhetembo yatinoti nhetembo, uye kwete chete mashoko tenzi muridzi izvozvo. Kazhinji vadetembi Rank vanhu kukwanisa ichiteverwa zvakajeka kubudisa kunaka kwenyika, pasinei nzira zvokuratidzira.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Akawanda zviuru apfuura European mundima amarudzi vaCelt vakararama, vasingazivi arufabheti. Vakasiya hapana zvakawedzerwa zvinyorwa, asi magamba vakaberekwa avo fungidziro zvinoratidzwa pakati nengano kuMiddle Ages: n'anga Merlin, Prince Ayzenherts, Tristan uye Isolde. Nemhaka vadetembi, bards, kupfekedza akapoteredza kuitika chedetembo, nhoroondo akasvika kuvaverengi vemazuva ano uye akawana ungira mumwoyo yavo.

Musiki, ane chipo rinoshamisa, iyo muganhu pamwe chomweya - nyanduri. Zvinoreva shoko zvichishandurwa sezvo vaCelt vekare, saka Kuwedzera nekudetemberwa vaiita zvose zvitsva vapristi druids. Legends chomutambo achiperekedzwa nembira, izvo chaizvoizvo anonakidzwa vagari vanhuwo.

Pasinei ndiro rine chokwadi ari wokufananidzira mharidzo, uye tsika mumaoko pasi prose. Kusvikira XIX remakore ingano zvose inonzi nhetembo. Nhasi tinoshandisa izwi chete yakamanikana pfungwa shoko.

nhetembo Features

Okugadzira zvinhu vadetembi - ndiko nhetembo: nhetembo, ballads. Ane Midzi yekare, ndiko:

• mesmerizing kunaka inzwi;
• rinopa zvinoshamisa mumhanzi chokutaura;
• Kunoratidza manzwiro munyori, akazarura musuo kupinda pakadzika mweya wake;
• Zvinobatsira kunzwisisa vamwe vanhu tsitsi nani;
• nemachira fadza;
• Rinomiririra imwe Kufananidzira inogonesa kunzwa pane imwe chete zvakasikwa.

Izvi zvinoitwa nokuunza mariri kukura itsva, kwete zvinodiwa pakutaura kwezuva nezuva: meter, senhetembo, mutinhimira. The kujairika sangano Kutaura unoratidza nhetembo ari chaiye mabhuku okugadzira zvinhu mhando, kusiyanisa zvichibva prose.

A mudetembi uye nyanduri: misiyano

Nhasi, kombiyuta anokwanisa kunhonga kunonyanyisa nhamba nekudetemberwa uye kuumba "ounyanzvi" wechokwadi, rakanyorwa iambe pentameter kana. Asi mabasa akadaro nyore kusiyaniswa kubva vechinyorwa hungiso. Hapana kunzi unyanzvi uye kushambadza masirogani kana rekuremekedza kukwazisa nhetembo, akaita kuti kurayira. Ndiani nyanduri uye chii musiyano zvayo chero nyanduri?

Yotunga munyori nguva dzose kuchikosha kuti maonero vaverengi uye chaidzo nyanzvi. mutengo wavo muchimiro mashoko: "Imi muri nyanduri yechokwadi" - ndiyo inonyanya dhigirii kurumbidzwa uye kuzivikanwa unyanzvi. Chii zvinhu nokuti ichi kugutsa okugadzira zvinhu ake?

• manzwiro munyori chinofanira kuva akajeka uye anobata parukungiso kwemweya muverengi.
• Anofanira kuva mupfumi fungidziro, funga kunze bhokisi mifananidzo.
• Kuti kukwanisa kuona hunoshamisa zvakazara, kutsvaka madimikira dzinonakidza uye epithets.
• Kuva mupfungwa uye rakavhurika munhu, kukwanisa kunyora mwoyo, kwete pfungwa.
• Nakidzwa musicality uye nepfungwa mutinhimira.

Prose uye Poetry: kusiyana

The dimikira chinangwa saka kazhinji raireva munhu anokwanisa akanyatsodengezerwa kuratidza pfungwa, zvaikurudzirwa kunaka kuratidzwa zviitiko. Asi mabhuku zvakadaro akagoverana zvakajeka modes romubati zvakasikwa, izvo zvaisanganisira vanyori uye vadetembi. Musiyano chokuita chimiro mharidzo pfungwa uye nokutaura kuti anofanira anogona anounzwa tabular muchimiro:

Writers vanonyora prose (pfupi nyaya, enganonyorwa), uye vadetembi - nhetembo. Asi vatenzi chaiye kweshoko iri generalist.

The yakanakisisa Vamiririri

Pakati Classics wenyika nhetembo - Pushkin uye Lermontov mazita, Pasternak uye Ascension, Dante uye Goethe, Byron uye Petrarch. Achitendeukira unhu hwavo, unogona kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, uyo ari nyanduri. Ndivo zvose rakajeka rokusika hunhu, takaberekwa tine mupfumi fungidziro uye Anovagarisa kunze mupfungwa vazhinji. Kana ivo vanoda, chinhu chaizvoizvo, kupukunyuka dutu chido, anoremedzwa negodo, kushaya reciprocity kana nekusagona rokubatanidza yemberi dzavo. Dzavo pfungwa mutinhimira uye mutinhimira kutekeshera mutsetse ose. Haizi tsaona dzakawanda mabasa avo vari nyore akatakurwa navanhu mumhanzi, akatendeuka nhetembo kupinda nziyo uye kumabasa.

Geniuses mashoko, ivo zvachose nokudenga. Saka, Pushkin - munyori mumwe yakanakisisa nhetembo mu "Eugene Onegin" nhetembo. Akanyora kuti kutamba, kwete vakabva pachikuva kubvira 1870, - "Boris Godunov". Senziyo kubudikidza Mussorgsky, neOpera mumwechete zita Nyasha dzemutendi chikuva yakanakisisa zvokuridza dzemitambo zvenyika. "Dubrovsky", "Snowstorm," "The yaKaputeni Mwanasikana" - mimwe zvakanakisisa mabasa uri prose. Vazhinji vanodavira risingaenzaniswi yokufungidzira M. Lermontov "Hero Chenguva Yedu". Asi panguva imwe chete ari makore 27 iye akasiya akapfuma nhaka mundima, naro riri akataura kupenya vanyori lyric munhoroondo mabhuku nyika.

Shoko rokuti "Mudetembi" munyika yekare

Nechekare munguva dzekare, hachishandi vakafunga kuti vanofanira kutakura basa ravo kuti muverengi. Horace (Ancient Rome) akataura kukudziridza unhu uye wakanaka kuravira. Ndokusaka rwunoverengerwa pamwe chokwadi kuti anzwirwe tsika chinyakare munzanga. Chimiro nhetembo kunokosha, uye inofanira kufanana, asi zvinokosha kuti vazadze anorayiridza kugutsikana. Kuti aite izvi, hachishandi vanofanira kudzidza uzivi uye hunhu hwevanhu. Mudetembi haagoni kuva mediocre. basa rake - kuti kuita zvakaisvonaka, hariguti kubudirira diki.

Kugadzwa Nyanduri

Horace akafunga zvakagadzira yakanakisisa vamiririri mabhuku XVIII-XIX remakore. Pushkin nemabasa mangwanani akaisa chinangwa kuva inspirer kuti "mutsvene freemen", vachirumbidza rusununguko pfungwa zvinhu uye. Mumakore akazotevera Nyanduri uye nhetembo dingindira yazova mumwe kiyi basa rake - vaiva "Muporofita" ari nhetembo, "The nyanduri", "Monument", umo akadzokorora maonero ake. Maererano naye, mudetembi pamusoro vamwe vanhu, asi anondimutsa inzwi raMwari, haafaniri kuedza avaruramise. Achitaura mweya, kwete pfungwa, munyori ndehwokuti kumutsa munhu akanakisisa, uye kuti kunoita kuti ave murume.

Lermontov yakatanga kunzwisisa nyanduri Pushkin somugari uyo anotarisirwa kusangana revanhu. Asi zviri pachena kuti ari murwi uyu, iye achagara oga. Dambudziko racho rinogona kugadziriswa chete kuburikidza convergence, saka Nikolai Gogol akataura kuti nyanduri vanosungirwa kuona marwadzo uye zvinotarisirwa nevanhu.

afterword

On the nyanduri, uyewo munyori, hazvibviri kudzidza. Iyi haisi basa kuti chingadzidzwa nokuda kuwana mamwe unyanzvi. Saka, tinofanira kuberekwa, nokuti nzira chaiyo yokunzwisisa upenyu, unyanzvi, uye tarenda kwevanhu, pekusadziviririka zvakafanorongwa kuti hazvingadziviswi. Sei kupindura mubvunzo, uyo ari nyanduri, kufungisisa nhasi?

Yevgeny Yevtushenko detembo 's "anotanga" rinotiyeuchidza kukurira "kushaya hunhu" uye "rekuremekedza" uye kwete kutya "murombo ngaigadzirwe unyanzvi." A nyanduri wechokwadi haagoni kuva Dimikira kuburikidza uye kuburikidza vatsungirire muupenyu. Munyori ichaitwa sezvo munyori chete kana anosangana achaita anoshandawo pamwe nevaverengi, uye anofanira kuva vakatendeseka pachake.

nguva chete vachakuudza kuti anokosha nhetembo yake nokuti vanhu vakawanda uye kwete chete nokuda rudzi urwo nde-.