Mhando hormone dzevanhu vavo mabasa. Inoongorora pamusoro mahormone

Muviri - iri kunzwisisa hurongwa, iyo anoita vazhinji remapazi. A rinokosha pakuita zvakakodzera sangano womunhu muviri Makemikari kutamba oparesheni. Ko catalysts nokuti nokukanganisika urongwa, izvo zvinoberekwa kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Kune mhando akasiyana hormone, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo ane chairo basa.

kupatsanura pakati mahormone

Zvichienderana makemikari mamiriro, kusiyanisa marudzi aya mahormone. boka Protein-peptide anosanganisa zvakavanzika mumasero izvi sezvo pituitary, hypothalamus, pancreatic hormone parathyroid. To ichi mhando ndezvaJehovha calcitonin, uko zvinoberekwa thyroid shwanu. amino asidhi nomukaka zvaisanganisira yechipiri boka (norepinephrine uye epinephrine, thyroxine, etc.). Kune mhando steroid mahormone. Ivo synthesized zvikurukuru muna gonads, uye adrenal shwanu (estrogen, progesterone). Makemikari mapoka okutanga maviri kunyanya kukonzera metabolic pezvakaitwa mumuviri wedu. Steroid mahormone kudzora chete siyana kwomuviri uye kubereka kwacho. Zvichienderana chiratidzo kupfuudzwa nzira yacho secretion masero, kusiyanisa lipophilic uye hydrophilic mahormone. Yokutanga rinokwanisa kusvika nyore kuburikidza sero Kamudzira kupinda mwoyo weatomu. Zvapedzisira uyewo kusungira kune receptors pamusoro pemvura STRUCTURAL maatomu akafanana, kutanga kwetunhu dzinonzi samolecular nevamiririri. Characteristically, ari hydrophilic Makemikari zvifambiswe kuburikidza muropa uye sunga wayo lipophilic mapuroteni saka zvifambiswe.

kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa

Ndizvo yakatarwa vose omumuviri uye nhengo mumuviri womunhu kuti secrete chaizvo pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinoriumba - mahormone. Kwemakemikari anobudiswa kwava kukonzera pezvakaitwa zhinji, apo kuunza kunowanzoitika kukura nhengo. It anotonga nemakemikari kuti vaunze simba kunokanganisa psycho-kunetsa munhu. Pakazosvika kwemakemikari anobudiswa mamiriro zvinosanganisira thyroid, parathyroid, rwatata, pituitary uye pineal shwanu, adrenal omumuviri, hypothalamus. Kunosanganisirawo uye nhengo dzakadai testes, ovaries. mahormone All kuita zvakananga kupinda ropa kana node. Chero atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro kwemakemikari anobudiswa ino kungaita zvirwere zvakakomba (chirwere cheshuga, bundu pezvakaitwa, kufutisa, hyper uye hypothyroidism
).

Zvinyama mahormone, marudzi avo uye mabasa

Izvi mhando kemikari anogadzirwa nyama dzomuviri, uye zvazvinoita rinowanzova dzomunharaunda. Dzimwe nguva, mahormone izvi zvinogona kupinda muropa. Histamine - imwe pfuma kuti inoita basa guru panowanikwa neutachiona. Kana kushingaira, rinoita vasodilation uye anowedzera permeability yavo. Histamine kunobatsirawo kuderedza tsandanyama yacho ura, anogona kukonzera kurwadza kwacho vari principales. Kweserotonin ane chiito: constrict midziyo, permeability yavo kunoderedza. Ainziwo kemikari mufaro. Kana zvayo budiriro romuzvarirwo, murume ane mafungiro akanaka, anofunga munhu sefungu simba. Uye histamine, kweserotonin, uye zviri kuitika munyika nokupfuuridzirwa nomunhu kuuropi. Kinins - asi mumwe tishu mahormone. mhando dzavo uye mabasa ndeinotevera. Nanopeptid, kallidin, T-kinin, bradykinin (lowers BP) - vose kupinda muropa, zvichiita kuzvimba zviratidzo. mahormone izvi zvinobatanidzwa murau ropa kutenderera. Chimwe chikamu pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinyama zvakavanzika - prostaglandins. Ivo zvazvinoita kumeso tsandanyama zvomukati, kuderedza secretion pamusoro gastric muto. Control Sero nokupesana zvinhu zvakadai chalones. Rumwe rudzi zvinyama mahormone - gastrin, secretin.

The thyroid shwanu. Mhando hormone vavo mabasa

muviri ichi ane chimiro shavishavi uye riri mu pamutsipa (kumberi). The kurema kwayo duku tichishandisa - magiramu anenge 20. Regulation zvepabonde nerevane (kubereka), kuti zvomudumbu hurongwa, metabolic urongwa, kuramba zvisingatomboiti psycho-kunetsa - izvi zvose inotongwa thyroid mahormone. Types kwavo zvinotevera. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine - zvikuru zvakavanzika kuti utano hwevanhu. Nokuti ivo dzakaumbwa, anofanira kuva yakakwana yaunodya kuti ayodhini. Kuitwa mahormone izvi akafanana, asi zvikuru kushingaira triiodothyronine. Chokutanga, izvi zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa munyaya muviri simba. Ivo kukanganisa mwoyo tsandanyama, ura, musimboti tsinga. Uyewo, marudzi aya mahormone vari chikamu kukura yose muviri, kuti kuibvisa dzokubereka nadzo. Calcitonin ndiye anokonzera pamwero calcium muropa, uyewo kutora chikamu mune mvura-electrolyte muviri. Kushomeka kugadzirwa thyroid kemikari kunotungamirira nokukurumidza kuneta kwevanhu, lethargy, zvose metabolic pezvakaitwa vari seiyi. Kana vari anogadzirwa rakawandisa, zvinokwanisika kuti vachengete basa uye kunyanya excitability.

Analysis pamusoro mahormone unobereka thyroid

Kana munhu akamboona kuchinja akadai uremu nokufamba (kana munhu unopinza akagadzirwa uremu), nezvinetso chido chokurara, kumira kumwedzi, kunonoka kukura (zvepfungwa) kuvana, iva nechokwadi kuti taurira bvunzo ropa mahormone zvinoberekwa thyroid shwanu. Pakukurukura yayo inofanira kugadzirira munzira chaiyo. Zvakanakisisa chete chero kurovedza muviri zuva pamberi bvunzo. Chinhu zviripo kubvisa doro, kofi, fodya (kunyange zuva rimwe). Blood zvakabudiswa kunoitika mangwanani, usina chawadya. Thyroid mahormone inogona iri vakasungwa uye wakasununguka hurumende. Naizvozvo, panguva zvidzidzo huwandu vakasununguka thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, uye huwandu antibodies kuti thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin. Kazhinji, pakudzidza anotora zuva rimwe. Zvichienderana zvabuda vakawana tinogona kutaura imwe chirwere.

Parathyroid shwanu chacho zvakavanzika

Seri pose thyroid shwanu zvidiki, rinonziwo riri parathyroid. Ivo dzinoshanda exchange calcium phosphorus mumuviri. Zvichienderana chaiwo munhu, simbi anogona kuva pajira riya-mhando, alveolar kana semurwi hwakasimba. It synthesizes parathyroid kemikari, izvo, kufanana calcitonin paChikoro karusiyamu muviri. Zvinokanganisawo nayo uye skeletal gadziriro, ura, uye neitsvo. Kana kugadzirwa parathyroid kemikari yaputswa, pangava chirwere chepfungwa, mapfupa matambudziko, calcification pakati zvomukati, nemidziyo ropa. Kana gipoparaterioze kuoneka tsandanyama chinyamunhari chinorwadza, kwemwoyo unoraramisa, pangava nomusoro. Kana uine zviratidzo izvi ungafanira kuongororwa kuti parathyroid kemikari ropa. Vazhinji vavo vanogutsikana kunowedzera pamwero calcium muropa, uye sezvo zvakaguma anoita mapfupa fragility.

The mahormone neve adrenal mumasero

Adrenal - peya mitumbi izvo dzinongoda pamusoro neitsvo. Mhando idzi pamusoro hormone vavo mashandiro ndeinotevera. Cortex mumasero unobereka zvinhu izvo waidzora kupanana zvinovaka muviri uye zvicherwa. Uyewo, kwakadai mahormone kudzora padanho shuga. Brain Ball adrenal synthesizes epinephrine uye norepinephrine. Kazhinji, anobudiswa ne simba mupfungwa kwehasha (kutya, ngozi). Kana umbowo mahormone kupinda ropa, ikawanda BP, kwemwoyo unoraramisa, anowedzera excitability Kanotokonya nhengo pakunzwa. Nokudaro, muviri anogadzirira aifanira kutama zvinhu zvinoshungurudza. The adrenal mumasero kubereka glucocorticoid mahormone (cortisol) inodzora carbohydrate muviri. wevasungwa kwavo kunoenderana nenguva masikati; kunonyanyisa huwandu cortisol iri akacherechedza panguva inenge 6 o'clock. Makemikari mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) chengetedza munyu exchange. Pamusana kwavari, kuti mvura rakaramba mumuviri. Also dzoga adrenal androgens akadai androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (Dhea). Ivo waidzora sebaceous mumasero anoumba libido. Mune Kuongororwa ropa riri adrenal mahormone anoyera kuongorora akakwirira. High ayo kugutsikana kunogona kuwanikwa shwanu anomera. Uyezve, imwe nekumwisa kemikari ichi kunotungamirira mutsekwende panguva pamuviri (zvinoguma nokupfupfudzika, mwana zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, pamwechete placenta matambudziko). Kana paine kugunun'una pamusoro yakawedzera bvudzi kukura pamberi pakuyaruka, kumwedzi zvirwere, tsandanyama simba - angada bvunzo kuti cortisol ropa.

Rwatata. Mhando hormone vavo mabasa

Kunze chokwadi kuti rwatata ave achishingaira muzvirongwa dzinotsanagura kugaya, uyewo unobereka mahormone kuti zvinokosha muupenyu nemuviri. Vose vawe zvakananga kupinda ropa revanhu. muviri ichi unobereka kwemarudzi aya mahormone: jekiseni, c-peptide, glucagon. The chikuru basa jekiseni - vanogadzirisa padanho shuga. Kana zvaipesana kwetunhu ayo pezvakaitwa zvingamuka chirwere cheshuga. Jekiseni zvakare zvarinoita kugadzirwa vanoshingaira yeimwe ari nemudumbu, inonzi estrogen usage. Zvingava mumuviri vakasununguka uye vakasungwa chimiro. Kana yakawanda jekiseni haina kukwana, muitiro rokutendeutsa shuga kupinda mafuta uye glycogen runovhuniwa. Saka muviri anogona kuunganidza muchetura (semuenzaniso, acetone). Glucagon - aivawo yakaoma chinhu mumuviri wedu. Zvaanopa simba pfungwa lipolysis, kunowedzera muropa shuga yomuropa. Uyewo naro zvinoderedza padanho calcium muropa phosphorus. Mhando pancreatic kemikari chiito vari pedyo pedyo zvinodyidzana. Pamusana simba ravo kubatanidzwa kunosimbiswa munhu optimum pamwero shuga.

Mashandiro anoita pituitary mahormone

Pituitary - kwemakemikari anobudiswa shwanu randinogara rine mberi uye neshure mugove, uye vashoma mugove therebetween. The muviri anoyera magiramu 0,5 chete, asi mabasa yaitwa zvakanaka kunokosha. The pituitary shwanu synthesizes zvinotevera mhando mahormone dzevanhu. Adrenocorticotropic hubbub zvinoita adrenal cortex. Rinotaurawo zvarinoita paumbwe rwe-melanin. Luteinizing kemikari kunokanganisa zvakakodzera nokushanda kwenhengo dzokubereka nadzo. Nemhaka kunomutsa ovulation, zvinoberekwa androgens. Thyroid kemikari secretion anoona thyroid pakugadzira zvinoshingaira zvinhu. Somatotropin ave achishingaira munyaya kukura Muviri puroteni usage. It kunogonawo kukanganisa padanho shuga, lipids kuora. kemikari Izvi anokonzera dzose kukura womunhu muviri mumuviri. Kuwedzera kwaro mwero kunotungamirira gigantism. Kana kukura kemikari iri pazasi dzose (mu vana), kuti akacherechedza stunting. Zviya, yakasiyana siyana kukura kemikari (chakaita zvokugadzirwa) inoshandiswa kurwisa dwarfism, mukanyanyisa guru iri vatambi. Prolactin - mukuru kemikari anokonzera mukaka kugadzirwa vakadzi. Uyewo, akavonga kuchizvarwa waro paanenge achiyamwa haisi kutevera pamuviri kunoitika. The pakati akafukidza anogadzirwa melanotropin. Posterior akafukidza unobereka mhando idzi dzevanhu mahormone akadai oxytocin, vasopressin. Wokutanga rinokurudzira sunga ari dumbu, pane kugadzirwa colostrum. Vasopressin kunomutsa tsandanyama ari nhengo dzakadai muura, dumbu, nemidziyo ropa.

Gonads

Ovaries uye testes kubereka pabonde mahormone. Types kwavo zvinotevera. Kutanga, ivo akakamurwa vechirume. Zvisinei, zvishoma angava varipo, uye vasikana. Types kwevarume mahormone: testosterone, androsterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenediol. Ivo vose anopa kukura kurara zvatariswa sechinhu nesekondari. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti aenzane haashiviriri vibrations kwakadaro ichienzaniswa nevakadzi zvakavanzika. Pamusana testosterone induces kugadzirwa seminal fluid rinosundwa okutorwa mwoyo nevakomana kana vasikana. Uyewo zvikuru dzakabudirira tsandanyama, marangwanda, pane tsika nenzwi munhurume nebhitumini. Mamwe steroid mahormone (semuenzaniso, DHT) kugovera nhongo maitiro, uyewo maitiro chitarisiko: bvudzi kukura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri mamiriro. Mhando munhukadzi mahormone ndiwo: progesterone, estrogen, prolactin (pituitary gland).
Progesterone anogadzirwa pachishandiswa corpus luteum mbeu. simbi iri rinoumbwa pashure ovulation. It anoita zvinotevera Mabasa: rinobatsira kuti kukura dumbu, zvinoita ovum (nourume) kuti wakaiswa kwaro mhango. Progesterone anogadzira mukadzi pamuviri uye kunoitawo kuti mwana-kubereka. Kana chitsama kemikari hazvikwani, kuenda kumwedzi yaputswa, panogona kuva ropa. Akatambura yakaderera kwevari progesterone uye kunetsa: ave mutemo, mukadzi kutambura kubva pakarepo Zvinyamusi. Inosimudzira kemikari pamwero zvingaratidza kana pamuviri kana pamusoro malignancy. Inonzi estrogen - dzakananga marudzi mahormone vakadzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira estradiol, estrone, estriol. Izvi zvinhu zviri kukonzera kuti paumbwe munhukadzi mhando nhamba kuvandudza ganda matauriro uye elasticity. Kuwedzera iyi mahormone iyi mhando inobatsira kuti chakaipa chokubuda kumwedzi. Ivo zvinodzivirira ropa midziyo kubva kuunganidza lipid Dombo, inobatsira kuti kukura remafupa rinenge kunonoka nayo calcium, phosphorus. Kana padanho inonzi estrogen haina kukwana, pane munhurume mufananidzo muviri bvudzi, ganda mangwanani kukwegura, kuunganidza yokufutisa mudumbu, hudyu, mapfupa huchawedzera kusimba.

A bvunzo pamusoro zviri zvepabonde mahormone ropa

Inoongorora pamusoro hormone zvinosanganisira ropa kuongorora kuti rayo zviri dzepabonde zvakavanzika. Ipa nayo, kana paine zvinetso zvakadai kuva :. nematambudziko kumwedzi, nekusagona pamuviri, nokupfupfudzika nhumbu etc. Men kuongorora zvakadaro kunoratidzwa vanenge vanofungidzirwa bundu kurongedza kushaya mbereko. Ropa anofanira kutora mangwanani, unogona kudya pamberi payo. Pausiku zviripo kurega fodya uye doro, rinonetesa muviri. Mukadzi anofanira kusarudza zvakarurama nguva kupa ropa yokuenzanisira, sezvo huwandu mahormone kunoenderana pazuva kumwedzi. Panguva iyoyo tikadzidza zviratidzo zvinoverengeka. Zviri follicle-anotokonya kemikari ari kunonyanyisa nhamba inoratidza panowanikwa ovulation. Varume, kemikari inosimudzira kukura seminiferous tubules uye zvazvinoita wevasungwa pakati testosterone. In nechirwere kushaya mbereko chinotarisa lyuteinizirueschemu kemikari. Vakadzi, zviri kukonzera kuti kuibvisa iri follicle, ovulation, inotungamirwa chakadaro shwanu sezvo corpus luteum mbeu. Kana hazvibviri pamuviri kuongorora zviratidzo zviri follicle-anotokonya kemikari uye lyuteinizirueschego ari kunzwisisa. It abudisa bvunzo ropa uye kuvapo imwe mari prolactin. In zvinoitirwawo ovulation kuzorwisa zvakaoma. Akadzidzawo ropa testosterone. Hazvina mumuviri mune aroorane. Kana vaita rwake pasi dzose nevanhu, urume unhu kuipa. Uyewo, zvichaita kukanganisa mashoko potency. Vakadzi, zvakawandisa testosterone anogona zvikonzere kubva kwepamuviri.