Medieval Painting (zvishoma)

Middle Ages anowanzonzi rima uye kwakakwidibira. Rakanga anosimudzirwa hondo yechitendero, mabasa Raibvunzurudza, murombo mushonga. Zvisinei, kuMiddle Ages kwakasiya Zvivako dzakawanda tsika, zvainoita zvizvarwa. Architecture uye chivezwa havasi akamira: pakusanganisirawo zvaidiwa nguva, vakatungamirira kuti zvitaera itsva uye kuitika. Pamwe chete navo, akaramba akafamba ukazodza neMiddle Ages. Nezvazvo uye vakakurukura nhasi.

In pedyo mushandirapamwe

Sezvo XI kuti XII remakore ose European makanaka vakatonga Romanesque manyorerwo. Basic okuti iye apinda mapurani. Nokuti makereke nguva hunhu matatu, zvinenge zvishanu-wengarava Basilica mamiriro, mahwindo ezvitanda kuti murege kupa chiedza zvikuru. mavakirwo iyi unowanzonzi isingafadzi. Romanesque werudzii ari mufananidzo kuMiddle Ages uyewo inobudisa zvimwe zvakaoma. Anenge zvachose unyanzvi tsika chakatsaurwa kuti nyaya dzechitendero. Uye mabasa aMwari anoratidzwa mune asi ngozi netsika rinonangana mweya nguva. Masters haana kumboronga kuti ibudise mashoko zvimwe zviitiko. Ainyanya pfungwa dzavo aiva nezvaanoreva dzvene, saka Ages kupenda, kumbomira zvishoma panguva mashoko, kutanga vakapfuura wokufananidzira ukoshi ichi kukanganisa kukura uye ratios.

dzokuAustralia

The vemifananidzo iyoyo havana kuziva ramangwana. In Mifananidzo yavo vevatambi vari chete mutsetse. Zvisinei, kunyange kuchipfuura aitarire zviri nyore kunzwisisa sei mufananidzo nemufananidzo chepuraimari. Kuti kuva vakuru pachena pazvinhu vatenzi vakaita zvimwe kure kwazvo kukura nevamwe. Saka, mufananidzo Kristu hwagara mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo pamusoro Ngirozi, uye ivowo, vakatonga vanhuwo zvavo.

kugamuchirwa ichi chaiva marapirwo: haana kupa zvakananga mamiriro rusununguko mumufananidzo uye mamiriro akadzama. Somugumisiro, mashoko kupendwa kuMiddle Ages kuti nguva akateerera chete kune huru, kwete kunetsa kuti imprinting yechipiri. Mufananidzo rudzi zano, rinopa pfungwa huru, asi kwete nuances.

runofarira

Painting European Middle Ages mu Romanesque werudzii rizere mifananidzo tarenda zviitiko uye vatambi. Aanoda kwaiwanzoonekwa akapiwa chinorwadza nyaya ndichizivisa kuuya yokudenga mativi kana zvoutsinye mabasa muvengi rwevanhu. Paiva kwakapararira kuratidza Apocalypse.

vavanongogara Danho

Fine art ari Romanesque nguva yakatanga kuva mufananidzo pakati vokutanga Middle Ages, kana pasi kumanikidzwa yezviitiko zvinokosha kuti anenge vakanyangarika uye vazhinji mhando yayo predominated Chirevo. Pamifananidzo uye miniatures pakati XI-XII emakore., Uratidze ndiro rine chokwadi zvomudzimu pamusoro acho, rwakagadzirira nzira pakuzadzisa romubati kufamba. Paintings kuti nguva yaiva mudariro inokosha kuchinja kubva yerima nguva zvokufananidzira uri kuwa hweRoma uye fuza yaingopambwa achitsungirira mutsva Qualitative sandara, iro rine nemidzi yawo Gothic yaitonga.

yakanaka kuchinja

Gothic art kuMiddle Ages chikwereti zvikuru kwakatanga transformations upenyu hwechitendero. Saka, pakutanga pamusoro XIII remakore anenge ose atari vakanga vaisanganisa nechimwe altarpiece, zvinosanganisira zviviri kana zvitatu mifananidzo uye kuratidza mifananidzo kubva Holy Scriptures. Kugadzirwa basa rakadaro waiti tenzi zvakadzama kunzwisisa basa ravo pamberi paMwari uye ungano uye panguva imwe chete inopa yakawanda nzvimbo kushandisa unyanzvi hwavo pachavo.

Kura Franciscans uyewo zvisina kunanga pave kukura kupenda. Charter yakakurudzira vateveri mwero upenyu, uye saka vashongedze dzemamongi havana kukodzera waMosesi. Iye chikatsiviwa rusvingo kupenda.

Ideologist of Order, Frantsisk Assizsky, akaunzira kuchinja kwete chete muupenyu hwechitendero, asiwo kunzwisisa nyika Ages murume. Achitungamirirwa muenzaniso wake worudo upenyu chipi zvacho, vemifananidzo akatanga kunyatsoteerera chokwadi. On the pamatende vachiri zvechitendero kugutsikana vakatanga kuonekwa mashoko ezvinhu, nokubuda uyewo vanonyanya kutaurwa.

Italian Gothic

Painting kuMiddle Ages iri mundima mutsivi hweRoma akava mangwanani zvakakwana, vakawanda mberi zvinhu. Pano isu taigara Cimabue uye Duccio, vaviri muvambi zvinoonekwa realism kuti kusvikira XX remakore, yakaramba chikuru muupenyu ari kutarisana hwemashiripiti mu Europe. Altarpiece mukuita kwavo kazhinji nezveaiuya Madonna uye Child.

Giotto dari Bondone, aigara zvishoma paya, vakava mifananidzo akakurumbira kuratidza vanhu zvikuru yepanyika. Characters mu Mifananidzo yake sokuti mupenyu. Giotto munzira dzakawanda mberi yaitonga, uye chete pashure nguva yave kuzivikanwa somunhu mukuru kunoshamisa Artist.

murals

Medieval kupenda achiri Romanesque nguva yave makapfumiswa pedyo nzira itsva. Master simbi pendi rakaiswa pamusoro vachiri nyoro purasita. nzira iyi yave chokuita nedzimwe matambudziko: womufananidzo aifanira kushanda nokukurumidza, achinyora pasi chidimbu chimwe munzvimbo umo unhani achiri kunyorova. Asi izvozvo nzira iri zvibereko: kuti pendi, muzvinhu nesuko, kwete kugeza yakajeka uye aigona kuramba chakamira kwenguva refu kwazvo nguva.

mafungiro

Medieval European Ndiwe wakatora zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro udzamu. Rinokosha izvi yakanga reDare chido kuratidza chokwadi pamusoro firimu, nenhumbi mavhoriyamu dzayo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mumakore honing unyanzvi ake, ivo vaimbi vakadzidziswa rinoratidza ramangwana, kupa miviri uye nyaya kufanana chepakutanga.

kuedza Ava pachena kuoneka mabasa chokuita munyika kana munyika dzakawanda Gothic werudzii, yakataurwa mugumo wacho XIV remakore. Painting kuMiddle Ages kuti nguva ane anokosha zvinhu: nzeve kese, mumwe Sophistication uye kunatsiridzwa mumufananidzo yedzimudzangara, unoedza kuvaka remangwana.

miniatures

Maitiro zviri mufananidzo uyu nguva chinonyanya kunonyatsooneka mifananidzo duku akajeka mabhuku. Pakati watenzi miniatures chinokosha panotaurwa kuwana Limbourg hama, vaigara mukutanga XV remakore. Vakashanda pasi patronage of Duke Jean de Berry, ndiye munin'ina rinouya Mambo France, Charles V. Mumwe yakakurumbira mabasa vemifananidzo aiva "Three Pfuma Heures Du Ðức of Berry". Iye akauyisa kubwinya sehama, uye dzavo vanoitisana. Asi 1416, apo njanji akarasika Limburg, iye akasiyiwa konekwa, asi gumi miniatures kuti tenzi aifanira kunyora uye kutsanangura tarenda ravo, uye zvose zvaidiwa Genre.

Qualitative kushandurwa

Gare gare, muna 30s iri XV remakore, kupenda akanga vafumiswa aine maitiro mutsva, pava paya ndakadzidzawo zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro iwe zvose. In Flanders, yakanga yakagadzirwa mafuta pendi. mafuta muriwo, admixed pamwe dyestuffs, akapa ehupfumi itsva Pfungwa. The mavara zvikuru zvikuru uye yakajeka. Uyewo, hapana chikonzero kukurumidza, akaperekedza kunyora mifananidzo kushandisa tempera: Kurumidza vanoumba kwayo hwaro mondo akaoma chaizvo. Zvino painter akakwanisa kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma, kubhadhara yakafanira kufunga zvose. Akaturikidzana kurohwa kukonzerwa pamusoro mumwe, vakaona kusvikira asingazivikanwi yaibvira ruvara mitambo. Oil pendi, saka kuzarura muuki mutsva vasingazivikanwi nyika,.

yakakurumbira Artist

Muvambi idzva kuitika kupenda muna Flanders anonzi Robert Campin. Zvisinei, kubudirira ake akafukidza mumwe wevateveri, anozivikanwa nhasi anenge munhu anofarira zvinhu hwemashiripiti. Yaiva Jan Van Eyck. Dzimwe nguva ndiye nokugadzirwa mafuta pendi kwaari. Ungangove, kuti Jan Van Eyck vakakwana mumwe zvemichina kare dzakabudirira uye zvinobudirira akatanga kuzvishandisa. Kuburikidza Mifananidzo ake mafuta pendi vakava rakakurumbira XV remakore rakapararira mhiri Flanders - muGermany, France uye zvadaro kuItaly.

Jan Van Eyck aiva portraitist kukuru. Kupenda pamatende ake kuti asike mutambo chiedza uye mumvuri, izvo dzisina vakawanda vamutangira kuti kuchinjwa chokwadi. Pakati yakakurumbira mabasa wakadhirowewa "Madonna pakati chanzera Rolin", "The Arnolfini Portrait". Kana iwe tarisisa pakupedzisira, zvinova pachena kuti unyanzvi zvikuru aiva Jan Van Eyck. Ndezvipi zvimwe Hupenyu chete kunyatsoongorora matanga nguo! Zvisinei, chikuru basa tenzi - "rinonzi Ghent Altarpiece", zvinosanganisira 24 Mifananidzo uye anomiririra zvidimbu anopfuura mazana maviri.

Jan Van Eyck anzi kwazvo mumiriri vokutanga Renaissance, pane mukupera Middle Ages. chikoro Flemish hwose kwava mhando zvenguva danho, inonzwisisika kuenderera iyo yaiva unyanzvi pakati Renaissance.

Painting kuMiddle Ages, muchidimbu kuvhenekerwa munyaya, ndiyo huru uye nguva, uye chinonyanya kukosha tsika chaiyo. Amuka kubva kukoka, asi dzisingambosvikiki ndangariro youkuru kare kuti Zvakawanikwa itsva Renaissance, iye akapa nyika yakawanda basa, kusvika pamwero mukuru haisi ndichizivisa paumbwe painting, asi pamusoro mukutsvaga mupfungwa dzevanhu uye ayo kunzwisisa nzvimbo yaro iri muchadenga uye ukama zvakasikwa. Depth kunzwisisa kwemapazi pfungwa nomuviri, zvakafanana nezvaiitwa vamwe Renaissance, kusvikira kukosha humanistic dzemitemo uye kudzokera dzinokosha canons echiGiriki uye Roman wakanaka iwe zvaisazova kwakakwana pasina kusora paraiitwa yatangira nayo. It dzakatangira muMiddle Ages basa pfungwa ndeyokuti murume ari muchadenga, saka zvakasiyana zvatinosiita mufananidzo rezvipembenene vane dambudziko iri zvachose vabatwa mwari ane utsinye.