Car "Ural-375": zvekushandisa nokurondedzerwa, description, injini, zvechokwadi varidzi

To musi, pane vazhinji motokari mavanga. On the mhando kunyange vasiri kutaura, nokuti kuverenga wokupedzisira zvisingabviri. Asi kana totaura motokari, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti vamwe vakagamuchira rinokosha kuparadzira. Vamwe chaizvoizvo kuziva pose. Saka chii chinoitika apo zita rakava shoko imba. Kuti haisi hachizi uye pfungwa, asi panzvimbo paizvozvo Kunyora vamwe mabasa.

Tanga kuti vakatanga

"Ural-375" - chete vezvikwata izvi. Hongu, munyika yose inogona, uye handizivi, asi muno Kishi Zvakaoma kuwana munhu mukuru asingazivi kuti anotaridzika sei.

Kusarudza pave motokari itsva rakatorwa Central Committee of Communist Party of muenzaniso kusvikira shure se 1958. Somumwe zvikuru vaburitsi akasarudzwa sezvo nguva Ural Automobile Plant. It riri kure Miass, pedyo kuChelyabinsk.

Wandisa rokuvakazve basa nehurumende eumambo nyika, akabvunza huru mari. Zvinangwa Vaingovawo kupembedza nzira. Asi, kana iwe kutarira "Ural" motokari, tinogona kutaura kuti zvinhu zvose zvakazoonekwa asingagoni kubudirira zvikuru.

purojekiti

Chinangwa vavakezve, iyo radudzwa zvishoma pamusoro, ari kudiwa kuumba rori idzva. Mamwe maitiro kuri mumashoko redunhu yepakutanga, uye avo simbi njanji pamusoro yaifamba hurongwa.

Nyika vaida murori kushanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira nomunzvimbo dzine mhingaidzo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi kwakasarudzwa kugadzirira boka rose shanu-tani rori. Uye hazvisi aitamba, sezvo vakawanda kugadzirwa rakatanga muna 1961, uye kubvira panguva iyoyo mumugwagwa vakanga vasara vazhinji mota.

Nhoroondo motokari "Ural-375" rinotanga zvishoma apfuura. Kare 1958 prototypes vakaenda mumugwagwa. Kutaura zvazviri, havana chete vakatora chikamu mune muenzaniso panguva kwakawanda. Uyezve, zvave zvisiri mumarori zvakadaro.

Yokutanga Kuedza

Wokutanga chaizvo bvunzo peya vakanga vava chinhu chose chitsva. Chaizvoizvo, kwete chakaitika zvikuru. Zvikurukuru nokuti, nokuti michina ane chokuguma inonzi "Ural zis nami-375" akashandisa zvinhu žil. Kupfuura mumwe ivhu rakanga kazhinji nepokuongorora kabhini kubva zana ramakumi matatu womuenzaniso.

Uyezve, mazano vaibudirira zvakakomba zvaunokanganisa kuti havabvumirwi kuzvishandisa, sezvo zvakanga pakutanga. Somuenzaniso, injini ( "Ural-375") nokuti "pfungwa" raiva, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, havagutsikani. Nokukurumidza kusakara mashoko, nguva dzose nyaya breakage. Zvikasashanda nemazvo yose gadziriro akadai batira kana akamedura. Mukuwedzera, zano aisashanda - mabhiriji, sehwaro upi motokari, vakanga vasina kunyatsodzivirirwa inoomesera. Zvapedzisira kunotungamirira matambudziko akakura. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Zvisinei, kuti akakwereta kabhini haana zvakakwana husingakwanisi vibration - pasi safambika nomunzvimbo dzine zvingaratidza yakaoma chikonzero.

Danho rechipiri

Ivo, senguva dzose, kwaingova "Ural-375". Scheme mamiriro ayo akanga zvakafanana kuti nhasi. Pasinei akagara kwerinenge gore kusvika 1959 yaiva chikuru kubudirira asati pakatanga Serial kugadzirwa. The pati anenge vakabva conveyor akanga vakapakata cabins wayo kugadzirwa.

Kutaura zvazviri, motokari "Ural-375" nokurondedzerwa havasi zvakatoipa. Kunyange nokuda bvunzo dzakatevedzana. Uyewo, maererano sezvakarayirwa ipapo Ministry of Defense, zvimwe zvachinjwa. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro kuchikuva kurereka vakanga akagadzwa, uyewo kumusoro mberi. Glass anogona kuva akachena. izvi zvose kwakakonzerwa zvinodiwa zvechiuto.

seriality

Mushure pamusoro kuedza, utungamiriri nyika anzverwa kubudikidza pakutanga Serial kugadzirwa. Migumisiro yokutanga inogona kuonekwa sezvo mangwanani sezvo November 1960. Ipapo "Ural-375" kekutanga kuratidza vanhu chaizvo zvino.

Makore mashoma okutanga vakazvipira neminda miedzo. Up kusvikira 1963 ose macheki ndikazvisimbisa waivapo rwokugadzira parameters. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose nguva kunyange kurumbidza kuvandudza yakagadzirwa. Zvimwe kuti mainjiniya rinonzi mubvunzo nokuti pfungwa kuti hapana zvikanganiso.

kugadzirwa

"Ural-375" - motokari vakawanda kugadzirwa. Mumatanda vakaburukira makopi zana negumi zviuru.

Production akaramba kusvikira kuparara Soviet Union, kureva kusvikira 1992.

mutsika quantitative vakadaro nyore chaizvo nokuti kuti kuashandisa chaizvoizvo kwose kwose. Zvechokwadi, zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana zvimwe zvakawanda zvakajairika rori. Kwete guru sezvo vamwe yemashoko KrAZ motokari, achiri kukwanisa nyore kudzinga kuburikidza akaoma, akatakura zvakawanda siyana nhumbi.

"Ural-375": michina nokurondedzerwa

The Injini uyu murori zvose-Nzvimbo motokari, waiitwa pasi Chikwata "žil-375". The namaapuro V-zvakaumbwa, masere humburumbira injini. Simba riri kumusoro chaizvo, pa 180 horsepower.

Oga, zvinokosha kuziva uye centralized marongedzero nokuchinja tai nevezera. For marori, akaronga rwendo akaoma, zvinokosha zvikuru chinokosha. Gearbox, akagadza pano, mumwe-nokukurumidza shanu. Uyewo, muchina nepokuongorora hunyambiri-batira hutachiwana.

Chimwe ndiko kutaura pamusoro hurongwa kutapurirana nyaya. Chokwadi chokuti shanduro mbiri dzakabudiswa. Older kuzvidzora kwakanga kwakaoma, nokuti Chinyorwa kudzora mhikuriso reversible ekisero pamberi mune imwe nzvimbo nhatu - kudzima uye. Ava vaviri chete, asi vapedzisira inogona rakakiyiwa kana kukiyiwa chete pakati differential. The itsva shanduro chete kuti wakapinda chidziro muna 1965, vaifungidzira itsanangudzo kusvika kumwero mukuru mashandiro. Saka, bhiriji raiva nguva dzose pamusoro, asi centre differential iiswe yemapuraneti mhando, pamwe asymmetric zvechizarira.

The kuzvidzora mashandiro zvakare kuti kukurukurwa yoga. The gozvo bhokisi riri vakapakata rinokosha hydraulic - kutyaira muchina akadaro akaoma pasina iye. Basa iri kuitwa pamwe akamedura booster, asi pneumatically.

payakaipira rori

Chii "Ural-375" hwokugadzira zvinhu? Vane zvakawanda kuudza pamusoro motokari. Asi kwakanga kusiri sezvo akakwana sezvo zvichiita sokuti pakutanga kuaona.

Chekutanga varidzi zvose ari review, aizivikanwa somunhu guru mafuta kuparadzwa, iyo yakawandisa muinjini. Index vakarova zvinyorwa zvose nokuda michina mukirasi iyi, uye wakange mana navasere marita muzana zana makiromita. In yechando, ichi mwero yakasvika 60 l. Injini ave kazhinji zvichizivikanwa nyaya huru rori ichi. Repair zvekuvaka kwaari wakange pasi, uye breakdowns zvinoitika nguva nenguva, chete vanobviswa vatyairi pachavo - kugadzira chinhu kuti zvakanga zvakaoma zvakakwana.

Muna 1977, mumwe mutsva shanduro zvose-Nzvimbo motokari - "Ural-4230". Muzviitiko zvakawanda zviri nani kupfuura muenzaniso uyu, asi hwokugadzira zvechadenga "Ural-375" zvikuru chaizvo.

okunatsiridza

Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro yokutevedzera mumotokari. Kufanana nevamwe motokari dzakawanda wechipfuwo, "Ural-375" kazhinji pasi kuchinja siyana. Zvose zviri zvikuru musoro, kunyanya kupiwa zvikuru zvinodiwa munyika unyanzvi.

Chinhu chokutanga kuona "Ural-375", iro kwakatsiva mureza michina zvachose kubva 1964. Musiyano pano ari nzvimbo yemutekenyi - kana Dzvene akashandisa nematende, pano akanga zvose-metal.

"Ural-375A" akasikwa kushanda tandem-Trailers K-375. Vakasunungurwa chaizvo chaizvo, sezvo muenzaniso akabuda akabudirira zvikuru.

"Ural-375E" akanga imwezve nadzurudzo pamusoro chassis sezvo yapfuura shanduro. Chete kwakanga kusina Sharpening pane imwe mhando muviri. Kunosanganisira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvokushandisa, izvo zvakaitika, chaizvoizvo.

Muenzaniso "375C" chinomiririra chete tarakita chairema pahwaro zvakagadzirwa ichi.

Kushanda "375K" hwakagadzwa permafrost - yaishandiswa muna Far North. Nokuda kwaizvozvi chinokosha kuputira zvinhu zviri mberi, muviri uye injini.

Panguva iyoyo, vakagamuchira kwakapararira "375N", akaronga kuti National upfumi hwenyika. Externally zvakasiyana muviri (chete remuti akavaverengera kuzarura mativi), uyewo kusavapo dzedenga yaunodya nenyere.

Uyewo kukodzera kutaura kuti zvakawanda michina akashandiswa Armed Forces. Kubva musi uyu, zvose-Nzvimbo rori akavaka anobatsira zvigadziriswe zhinji. Ndivo ainyanya kwematangi uye kuvakwa colossus, asi pakanga mimwe mienzaniso - radar mugadziriro, "Terek" kana kunyange gadza vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere moto "Grad".

mhedziso

Kazhinji, motokari iyi muJinja chinokosha kweShanduro michina yose USSR. Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvinofungwa varidzi uye vatyairi ruzivo. Rakavimbika akaedzwa mumakore uye anotsigirwa nevanhu wongororo zvakanaka zvakawanda, nokuti nhasi unogona kuwana rinotumira izvi mumigwagwa.

Chii mutengo "Ural-375"? Series kugadzirwa zvikanyarara, uye naizvozvo, kuwana zvitsva zvinenge zvisingaiti. Asi kuti chave kushandiswa kare ... In iyi, mutengo achavaponesa ukuru yabvaruka, uyewo nomusi chaizvo muenzaniso. Avhareji pakuverengwa achava mukati Range ichi - 6-8 zviuru zvemadhora. Kudhura womuenzaniso, kubva kugadzirwa makore 20 apfuura.

Saka, isu afunga izvo Rori iri avtoombil "Ural-375" nokurondedzerwa uye mutengo.