Mariinsky mumugero - gobvu nzvimbo Panyika

Nyanza hwakazara zvizhinji dzinonakidza uye dzimwe nguva kunyange zvisinganzwisisiki zvinhu. Mariinsky mwoyo, hunonziwo "Mariana mugoronga" - mumwe kuzvimbirwa yakakura pazasi nePacific Ocean. Iyi gobvu nzvimbo Panyika. kureba iri 1.5? km.

Maererano kwayo geometric Profile afanane tsamba yechiLatin V. The upamhi pasi chikamu - kubva hafu kune makiromita mashanu. The yose pasi mugove yakakamurwa anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri duku kunyika dzinoverengeka dzoga nzvimbo. Depth - anenge 11 makiromita!

Pedyo pasi kumanikidzwa 108,6 MPa, vanopfuura chiuru nguva kuti avhareji aomerwa nePacific Ocean. Mariinsky pacharo mhango inoumbwa kufamba mbiri huru tectonic ndiro, pamuganhu iro riri.

Yokutanga Kuedza kudzidza zvinoshamisa kunzvimbo vatora murayiro uyu Chirungu corvette "Challenger", iro akaita hurongwa kuyerwa pasi. Kukuru mupiro kuti kudzidza nzvimbo iri mubvunzo yakaitwa nemasayendisiti Soviet, uye gare gare - vazvo Russian.

Pasinei kuwanda kuedza, Mariinsky mwoyo uye nanhasi inoramba muduku kudzidza nyanza zvakavanzika: zvinhu zvakawanda pedyo nzvimbo akadzidza nani.

Muna 1958, masayendisiti Soviet vakaona kuti pane rimwe kudzika 7 km pane upenyu. Muna 1960, French akatuma kupinda mhango yawo ichangobva bathyscaphe "Trieste". Kudzidza kwaibatanidza kunozivikanwa Picard uye Jacques-IV Kusto.

Asi chokutanga strangeness asi akanyorwa American rwendo. Ngarava "Glomar Challenger" kwakatangwa Research "tyoni." Muawa imwe pashure kunyudzwa mamaikorofoni kurekodha yatepfenyurwa nechepamusoro ruzha, achinyumwira nowenyika basa jeko.

Cameras yakanyorwa pakadzika zvimwe kujeka mimvuri. Masayendisiti haana kufanana pfungwa iri Mariana mugoronga vangasakuteerera akasiyana zvokushandisa, uye nokukurumidza nokuti kuwedzerazve yakatangwa.

Zvinyoronyoro uye zvishoma nezvishoma "tyoni" akamutswa kwemaawa masere. It Vakawana kuti yakasimba titanium-cobalt pokorezhilo danda yakarongeka, uye waya yakagadzirwa inokosha chiwanikwa simbi uye zvose sawn hafu. Ndiani uye sei aigona kusika akadaro, ichingori chakavanzika. Masayendisiti Akahadzika yakabudisa mushumo pamusoro pechiitiko 1996. Rinogona kuwanikwa mupepanhau "New York Times".

Ko Mariinsky mukaha udzamu ari zvinoshamisa, mundovanda avo pakadzika vamwe saka guru uye simba venyama? Kuongorora udzamu kwakadaro zvakaoma, nokuti anokwanisa zvikuru vachimanikidzwa kuti achapwanya keke chero mamiriro zvakawanda kana zvishoma guru. Vasati 1958, masayendisiti vaitenda kuti pane dzakadzika kwazvo 6 km kure, upenyu hazvibviri pfungwa.

Saizvozvo Zvakazoitika kuti pakadzika incredible pogonophores hwemvura mhenyu. Uyu mufananidzo zvomumvura invertebrates, izvo chokuti vanorarama inoshamisa sepombi kubva chitin, kudya emadhaka inozivikanwa. kusiyana kwavo iri chokuti upenyu uye kukura zvisikwa izvi hazvidi chiedza chezuva. Asi nei invertebrates vaifanira 'akagura "tambo? Kana vakanga havana?

Saka, zviri Mariinsky mhango, mapikicha ayo akapa munyaya ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa nzvimbo Panyika.