Gobvu nzvimbo Panyika - the Mariana mugoronga

zita rayo riri gobvu nzvimbo munyika kwakakonzerwa ari Mariana Islands, izvo dziri pedyo. Izvi yakadzika yomugungwa muchimwiro, riri muPacific Ocean, kumadokero chikamu. Gobvu nzvimbo Panyika inosvika 10911 metres, kureba kwayo anenge 2500 makiromita, uye upamhi - 80 makiromita. Neyemitenusirwa yayo pamawere chaizvo angled kuti zvaidiwa yaiva paavhareji vanenge 8 inegumi. The pasi zvikamu zvakawanda Mangondo. Sezvineiwo, kumanikidzwa ari kudzika anenge gumi nerimwe chete kusvika 109 megapascals, kuti vanopfuura 1,090 nguva dzose mumhepo kumanikidzwa.

Wokutanga uyo akamboda kuongorora zvakadzama nzvimbo panyika, vaiva vaongorori yeBritain. Chirungu-oceanographers, masayendisiti basa ravo mune vakatendeutswa corvette hondo-masted matatu "Challenger" muna 1875. The warship yakashandurwa kuva chikepe tsvakurudzo mudziyo zvipenyu, Meteorological uye hydrological basa. Ipapo gungwa udzamu mwoyo kunorondedzerwa kwakadzika-mvura yakawanda iri 8367 mamita. Zvisinei, kutanga kunyatsoenderana ruzivo pamusoro kudzika Mariana mugoronga akakwanisa kuwana chete muna 1951. Nezviyero yakabereka gobvu nzvimbo panyika akaenzana 10.863 metres yave zvakaziviswa. Zvadaro, Mariana mugoronga pakuzivikanwa se "Challenger Deep". Vanofanira kuongorora Mariana muchinjiziri, masayendisiti Soviet Union. oceanographers edu, vatsvakurudzi muna 1957 ichiitwa kudzidza Mariana mugoronga. Nemhaka nokuyerwa kunonyanyisa muchimwiro udzamu akanga akaenzana 11 022 metres. Uyezve, munguva rwendo urwu akasimbisa kuvapo upenyu panguva pakadzika makiromita anopfuura manomwe. Saka akanga inopikisanawo hwaivapo panguva yokuti upenyu mugungwa panguva kudzika 6-7 makiromita hazviiti. Akatungamirira pakundopambara ipapo Aleksey Dmitrievich Dobrovolsky, akakurumbira Soviet oceanographer. Yakanga rwendo rwake rwechitatu kuti "Vityaz" sezvo mutungamiri waro. Muna 1992, "The Knight" akapiwa kune richangobva kugadzwa Museum of World Ocean. Anenge makore maviri seagoing mudziyo akagadzira panguva fekitari, uye muna July 1994 yakaiswa pamusoro yokupakira mugove muna Maritime Museum muguta Kaliningrad.

Gobvu panyika yokutanga munyika kuona Don Walsh, mumwe US Navy mukuru uye Zhak Pikar, yakakurumbira aiongorora, oceanographer kubva Switzerland, January 23, 1960. Vakanga achinyatsotaurira imwe warrior bathyscaphe "Trieste". Maererano nouchapupu mano yakaiswa mungarava, Walsh uye Piccard ndokuburuka pachiyero 10 917 metres. of svetuka nguva yakanga maawa anenge mashanu uye kuwedzera - maawa anenge matatu, nguva akapedza zvakananga pasi testers, vakasvika maminitsi 12 chete. Zvisinei, ichi nguva pfupi, zvakanga zvakakwana kuti shamisa musayenzi akawana: vakawana plaice sandara hove yakafana masendimita anenge 30.

A Canadian wekambani akakurumbira uye screenwriter Dzheyms Kemeron muna March 2012, idzva chete-seater submersibles asvika pasi muchimwiro uye Mariinsky akava saka murume rechitatu munyika, vanga pazasi kuti Mariinsky kuora mwoyo uye vokutanga kuzviita ndoga. Akaburuka mugomba rakadzikadzika maawa anopfuura maviri nehafu, akagarako kwemaawa anenge matatu, uye kukwira pamusoro penyanza pfuurei awa - maminitsi 70.

masayendisiti Japanese, oceanographers yakawanikwa 2005 muna Mariana mugoronga namatatu rudzi wamboonekwa kuti sayenzi unicellular. Modern yakadzika-mvura mano vari kwete pazvinhu zvenyika guru kudzama kwakaita sangano miviri, asingazivikanwi kuti sayenzi mhuka zvomumvura.

Gare gare, kure pachiso penyanza kusvikira pasi mhango rinogara kutaurwa. Zvinonzi vaiona yakarurama zvikuru pakutsvakurudza kwakaitwa 1997 nemasayendisiti Japanese. Vakaratidza kuti kudzika Mariana mugoronga - 10 911.4 mamita.