Mannerheim Line. The budiriro of Mannerheim Line

The chinhu, iri kufarirwa chaizvo uye kugara kufarira kwezvizvarwa zvizhinji vanhu, ndiyo mitambo rokudzivirira ematongerwo Mannerheim. Finnish kuzvidzivirira mutsetse iri pamusoro Karelian Isthmus. Zviri yakawanda bunkers, dzakapiswa uye Dziine kungoda anoshongwa, ibwe mitsara tangi zvipingamupinyi, pemigero ndokuchera Anti-tangi inoerera - zvose zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa, pasinei kuti zvave nemakore anopfuura 70.

The zvinokonzera hondo

Chikonzero muchiuto kunetsana USSR uye Finland aiva kudiwa nechokwadi yakachengeteka reguta Leningrad, sezvo zvakanga pedyo nomuganhu Finnish. Pausiku yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri Finnish utungamiri akanga akagadzirira kupa ndima yayo sechinhu springboard kuti vakawanda vavengi Soviet Union, uye kazhinji - kuna yaHitler Germany.

Chokwadi kuti Leningrad muna 1931 hwakatamisirwa chinzvimbo reguta National kukosha, uye chikamu ndima pasi Leningrad City Council, zvakanga panguva imwecheteyo uye muganhu pamwe Finland. Ndokusaka utungamiri Soviet uye kutanga akurukure nyika, kukoka kwake kugoverana nyika yavo. The Council anokumbira nharaunda kaviri kupfuura isu uagamuchire kudzoka. The chigumbuso urongwa kwakaratidza womuratidza vachikumbira USSR kuisa pamusoro Finnish ivhu raro zvigadziko zvechiuto. Asi mapato havana kubvumirana, izvo zvakazoita kuti pakutanga Soviet-Finnish, kana anonzi War Winter. Dai kusiri kuti kwaari, Leningrad angadai ratorwa nemauto vaHitler achiri pakutanga Great Patriotic War mu kwemazuva mashoma.

prehistory

Pfungwa yokuti "Mannerheim Line" anoreva kuzvivako zviri masvingo yenhau, iyo vakaita basa guru muSoviet-Finnish hondo. Akazosvika munguva kubva November 30, 1939 musi waMarch 13, 1940.

Kamwe Finland akawana rusununguko, pakarepo akatanga kufunga kusimbisa ukomba hwavo, uye mangwanani 1918, kuvakwa Barbed waya pa nzvimbo remangwana rakaisvonaka muchiuto nhoo Mannerheim kwakatangwa. The mutsetse akanga pakupedzisira kubvumirwa muna 1920 uye ndiye akatanga kuzivikanwa so "mutsetse Enkel" vachikudza pakurigadzira yakatungamirira Major General O. L. Enkelya, uyo akanga Mukuru General Staff. The yokuvaka of masvingo aiva mukuru French JJ Gross Kaussi, akatumwa Finland kubatsira kusimbaradza miganhu nyika ino. Asi, vachitevera kare anosimbisa nguva tsika, masvingo kunzwisisa anowanzonzi ari kukudzwa "mabhosi guru", dzakadai Maginot Line kana Stalin. Saka, kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika, zvipingamupinyi izvi zvave kunzi uye zita rokukudza Mutungamiriri mauto of Zimbabwe Finland Karla Gustava Mannerheim, aimbova mukuru muuto Russian.

Kusimbiswa nhoo Finland

Mannerheim Line - a kudzivirira kuti 135 km riri akayambuka rose Karelian Isthmus zvachose - kubva Gulf Finland uye Lake Ladoga. From West Military Communications akapfuura pamwe sandara uye pamwe kuchizvivanza zvikomo nharaunda, akafukidza munhu ndima vakawanda pakati madhamu diki uye marshes. Kumabvazuva, mutsetse kwaibva Vuoksinskie mvura hurongwa, iyo pachayo iri chipingamupinyi chakakomba. Saka, munguva kubvira 1920 kusvika 1924 iri Finns dzakavakwa anopfuura zana zvechigarire zvivako zvechiuto.

Pakazopera 1927 zvakava pachena kuti chakagadzirwa zvipingamupinyi Enckell unhu zvivako uye zvombo dzakaderera Soviet kuzvidzivirira, saka kuvakwa yavo akarembedzwa. Munguva 30s zvakare dzakatanga kuvakwa refu zvivako. Vakanga akavaka zvishoma, asi ivo vave zvikuru simba uye kuoma kuwana.

Mukutanga 30s kusvikira pambiru sachigaro State Defence Council vakagadzwa Mannerheim. The mutsetse Kubvira kuva akavaka pasi pokudzora yake.

Memasvingo - pillboxes

Chinonyanya kukosha kuzvidzivirira pakudzora ubvise kushumira nodes, rwaiumbwa anoverengeka kongiri bunkers (rakasimba moto pfungwa) uye BUNKER (hafu-pasi emplacements), pfuti matendere, bunkers uye pfuti kuhondo. Maererano kudzivirira nhare zvagadzwapo chaizvo vanoiswa, uye daro pakati pavo iri dzimwe nguva kunyange rinosvika 6-8? Km.

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, uto kuvaka dzakapfuura kupfuura gore, saka pakazosvika nguva kuvakwa bunkers akakamurwa zvizvarwa zviviri. Chokutanga ndivo pfuti emplacements, yakavakwa nguva kubva 1920 kusvika 1937, uye wechipiri - zviri 1938-39 kumwedzi. Bunkers Kuva chizvarwa chokutanga, - zvishoma Kusimbaradza, yakagadzirirwa aenderane pfuti 1-2 chete. Vakanga vasina zvakakwana akashongedzerwa uye asina matumba kuti masoja. Pakukora chesamende masvingo uye sirin'i haana pfuura 2 m. Gare gare, vakawanda vavo upgraded.

chizvarwa chechipiri kunosanganisira anonzi miriyoni, sezvo mari dzavo zvakaurayisa Finnish vanhu mamiriyoni 1 Finnish zvinoratidza mumwe. Vanosvika 7 dzakadaro pfuti emplacements simba vaiva Mannerheim Line. Pillboxes vanhu miriyoni imwe vakanga kupfuura ano panguva yanyatsosimba kongiri zvivako, vakapakata pokunzvenga napo 4-6, 1-2 zvakanga kanoni. Kupfuura inotyisa uye akavakirirwa zvikuru bunkers vaionekwa SJ-4 "Poppius" uye SJ-5 "shoroma".

pillboxes All vakanga vachinyatsoongorora camouflaged matombo uye chando, saka zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo kuziva, uye kuti kutyora masero dzavo mujeri kunge zvisingabviri.

mafashamo mapazi

Mukuwedzera dzinoverengeka refu uye munda masvingo vakanga envisaged chivara kubata mafashamo zvikamu. Kamwe kamwe yaizotangira vaimbopota kwavatadzisa chose kupedza, asi madhamu akawanda akanga amisa asi. Ivo repuranga uye nyika nenzizi Tyueppelyanyoki (pari Alexandrovka) uye Rokkalanyoki (zvino Gorokhovka). The dhamu nekongiri imire pamusoro rwizi Peronyoki (p. Perovka), uyewo Plotinka diki pamusoro Mayayoki uye mudhamu musi Sayyanyoki (zvino reruwa. Wolf).

antitank ematongerwo

Sezvo vakanga vakabata Matangi eSoviet zvakakwana, roga Anoteterera mubvunzo sei kurwisa navo. Barbed waya, kare yakaiswa pamusoro Karelian Isthmus, asingagoni kunzi chipingamupinyi wakanaka warrior motokari, saka kwakasarudzwa kutema stockade kuti girenayiti uye kuchera antitank inoerera kudzika 1 M uye wakafara makubhiti 2.5 m. Zvisinei, sezvo zvikazooneka mukufamba ruvengo, ibwe meno zibukanana akanga isashande. kumbotsuguduka yavo kana kudzingwa basa kubva atirari pfuti. Pashure akadzokorora bombardment girenayiti vaparadzwa, zvichiguma rakafara ndima dziri aumba.

For mazino zibukanana Finnish mainjiniya yakaiswa pamusoro 10 misara Anti-vashandi uye Anti-tangi nezvimbambaira, vakadzungairira.

bata chibharo

War Winter unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Wokutanga rwakatora kubva November 30, 1939 musi February 10, 1940 Sturm Mannerheim Line aiva chinonetsa uye ropa nokuda Red Army panguva iyoyo.

Kwakaratidza kuti kuva simba chinodzivirira, pasinei nezvikanganiso zvayo zvose, zviri anenge sezvisingakundiki chipinganidzo varwi Soviet. Kuwedzera kunotyisa kurwisa hondo Finnish, dambudziko guru vaiva akasimba-mana dhigirii frosts, rwakazokura, maererano kare vakawanda, chikonzero chikuru kuti kukundikana neSoviet zvigayo.

February 11 anotanga danho rechipiri yechando rutsigiro - mukuru tsamwisa of Red Army. Panguva ino, kuti Karelian Isthmus akanga akasungirirawo kunonyanyisa kwazvo rehondo michina uye manpower. Mazuva mashoma paiva atirari gadziriro, anoshongwa kwakanaya pasi nzvimbo Finns, uyo akarwa achitungamirirwa Mannerheim. Line wose dzakapoteredza nzvimbo yakanga zvikuru wakabhombwa. Pamwe kunyika yokumusoro-yokumadokero pamberi muhondo inobatanidzwa zvikepe kuBaltic Fleet uye rekuUnited Ladoga Flotilla.

budiriro

Mazuva matatu chakavapo varwise wokutanga kudzivirira, uye musi February 17 nevarwi 7th Army pakupedzisira dzakapasanura napakati payo, uye Finns dzakamanikidzwa kusiya mutsetse wavo wokutanga zvachose uye kutamira kune wechipiri, uye panguva February 21-28, uye achirasa. Budiriro of Mannerheim Line akatungamirira Marshal SK Timoshenko, uyo akatora varayirwa I. V. Stalina North-Western Front. Zvino 7th uye rechi13 Army pamwe vatsigire kumahombekombe vamapoka kuBaltic Fleet vafambisi rakatanga pamwe tsamwisa iri kanyika kuna Gulf Vyborg kuna Vuoksi kugungwa. Kuona munhu achiedza muvengi yakadaro, Finnish mauto vakasiya zvinzvimbo zvavo.

Somugumisiro, mashoko budiriro iri Mannerheim Line yechipiri rakapedzwa chokwadi kuti, pasinei apererwa kurwisa pakati Finns, March 13, Red Army akapinda kuna Vyborg. Uku kwaiva kuguma yeSoviet-Finnish hondo.

Results of hondo

Somugumisiro War Winter, Soviet Union unozadzisa zvose zvaaida. Nyika zvakazara vatora Lake Ladoga, uyewo izvozvo vakawana kudzora Finnish mundima 40 zviuru ba M. ? km.

Zvino, vazhinji vari kubvunza, uye kana vanoda hondo iyi? Kana kwete nokuti kukunda kuFinland mushandirapamwe, Leningrad aizova wokutanga pamazita maguta sei kurwisa yeNazi Germany.

Tours of nzvimbo hondo

To musi, zvivako vakaparadzwa, asi pasinei ichi, excursions kune nzvimbo hondo War Winter achiri wakaitwa, uye kufarira hakungadzimwi. Vakapona nhare vachiri zvikuru nhoroondo kufarira - uye muchiuto injiniya zvivako, uye somunhu vakatozodzokera nokuda toughest ehondo hondo iyi hafu-kukanganwika.

Kune nhoroondo uye netsika nzvimbo kuti kukura zvirongwa inokosha pamusoro apa nzvimbo, apo Mannerheim Line. Kazhinji Zviratidzwa anosanganisira nyaya nzendo pakurigadzira, uyewo pamusoro mberi hondo.

Kuti awane chiduku vanonzwa uye nekusangana upenyu wehondo Finnish uye Soviet, ronga vashanyire Field zvemasikati. It vanogona mifananidzo pamusoro colour pakati chikuru zvakagadzirwa pamwe zvenyaya midziyo, kuona uye mubatirire mumaoko yokutevedzera zvombo.

Munhoroondo chero kurwisana kwemauto kuchine zvakawanda mapofu makwapa, zviitiko zvakavanzika uye mashoko. Yakanga asingasiyi, uye hondo Soviet Union uye Finland 1939-40. Iye akavata pamapfudzi ane dambudziko mativi. Mumazuva 105 chete, kana vachirwa, akaurayiwa vanenge zviuru 150. Man, vanenge 20 zviuru. Missing. Heano migumisiro wokuhafu kukanganikwa uye, maererano nedzimwe kare, hondo "basa". Sezvo shongwe varwi vawa vakasiya muhondo inoshamisa kuvandudzwa yayo Mannerheim Line. Photos of nguva idzodzo uye matombo pamusoro vakawanda makuva vachiri dzinotiyeuchidza heroism of Soviet uye Finnish nemasoja.