Dynamic vakasarudzwa - microevolution mu nevanhu kuti zvinenge

Natural vakasarudzwa nguva dzose huru chakaita kuchinja zvipenyu. Urikushanda pedyo chete mashandiro - kurarama uye kuramba mwana akasimba, kureva, zvinorarama. Zvisinei, zvichienderana kwayo kushanda, nhungamiro, kunyanya zvinhu zviri ariko zvipenyu - chimiro rwokuzvarwa kusarudzwa angava akasiyana. Saka, mumwe siyana ayo ndiwo simba kusarudza (achitaura), ndiro mhinduro kuchinja zvakatipoteredza uye kunoita kuti iya iri Zvichakadaro chinhu kana pfuma. For quantitative Unhu avhareji ukoshi ndiyo svomhu Zvichakadaro kukosha Somuenzaniso - avhareji nhamba dzikabereka vana. A tsananguro nokuti Qualitative ehupfumi kutsunga maitikiro (chikamu) kuti specimens ane zvakakodzera chepfungwa somuenzaniso - kakawanda uye hornless nyanga mombe.

Analysis zvivako izvi zvinopa rairatidza kuchinja akabuda mune vanhu nokuda kuchinjira kumamiriro kuchinja mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza. In ichi kusarudzwa guru kunogona kukonzera vose nokusimbisa opedzisira changing ehupfumi ari muviri. Muenzaniso pfuma unhu kungava vanonzi maindasitiri melanism. View shavishavi peppered chitemamachira munzvimbo isiri maindasitiri nzvimbo yave chiedza mavara chikero kufukidza muviri uye mapapiro, uye munzvimbo dzine vakawanda mafekitari ruvara yavo kwaanoda dema. The kwaita moths kujairika kuti Chipendai nokuti chokuti inokuvadza maindasitiri choutsi zvakakonzera rufu lichens kuti vairarama nemakwati emiti uye kungozvifunga kuti uve nzvimbo nzvimbo (runodzivirira dziberekane). Color Kuchinja Makwande kuvandudza mikana kupona kungozvifunga. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo akaparirwa anonzi kusarudzwa dzekuziva - kuchengetedzwa uye kukwidziridzwa rutsva mhando kungozvifunga kuti achinja ezvinhu vanokwanisa kuramba nhangemutange, kureva kuti, asununguke.

Muenzaniso attenuation maitiro ndiwo kurasikirwa kana zvinoderedza muviri wayo zvikamu Nokuti iye haabati dzichipfekeka mutoro - mapapiro ane Mhou (kwete kubhururuka), kusavapo Mbabvu mu nenyoka.

Dynamic vakasarudzwa pazvikanganiso chokunyepera. Saka munhu kusarudza vanhu maererano zvimwe parameters (phenotype), anowedzera kakawanda pfuma iyi. Empirically nekusimba kuti chisarudzo ichi chitarisiko chavo kunotungamirira kune dzimwe kuchinja genotype, uye zvichida kurasikirwa zvimwe alleles. Kune mamwe marudzi chakagadzirwa kusarudzwa - chavanoziva uye yakarongeka. Kana kushandisa Kusarudzwa pakati akapfizuka murume, sezvo intuitively anosarudza yakanakisisa. Mugumisiro wezvaizogona akadaro panowanikwa dzinoita itsva uye mhando mamirire kuti imwe nzvimbo. Methodological musimboti anoshandiswa pakusarudza kuti pave nemamwe marudzi ose nemhuka dzakashandisa kukura ezvinhu chaiwo uye pekugara (chando nemishonga mhando ratseny).

Saka, kukumikidza kusarudzwa - inzira rwokuzvarwa selection, mugumisiro unova nechitarisiko itsva akaderedzwa mhando zvipenyu izvo zvinogona kurarama uye kuramba mhuri yavo achinja zvakatipoteredza.