Makiavelli Nikkolo: uzivi, zvematongerwo enyika, pfungwa, maonero

Italian munyori uye muzivi Makiavelli Nikkolo aiva yokutungamirira inokosha Florence, achitora pambiru Secretary ndiye basa tiine wokumwe negwaro. Asi zvikuru anozivikanwa nokuda mabhuku ake akanga akanyorwa, pakati inomira akabudisa bhuku enyika "The Emperor."

Biography romunyori

Munyori ramangwana uye anofunga Makiavelli Nikkolo akaberekwa Mafuro Florence muna 1469. baba vake aiva gweta. Akaita zvose kuti mwanakomana wake vakagamuchira dzidzo panguva iyoyo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, pakanga pasina nzvimbo kupfuura Italy. The chikuru tsime ruzivo pamusoro Machiavelli waiva mutauro echiLatin umo akaverenga guru uwandu mabhuku. Reference mabhuku kuti vave mabasa vanyori vekare: Iosifa Flaviya, Macrobius, Cicero uye Livy. Mukomana Aifarira kare. Gare gare, vanofarira izvi zvinoratidzwa basa rake. Chinhu chinokosha kuti munyori raiva basa yekare Greek Plutarch, Polybius uye Thucydides.

Makiavelli Nikkolo akatanga ake rinoitirwa panguva Italy akanga achitambura hondo pakati vakawanda maguta, ushe uye chinoda. A nzvimbo chaiyo aitoita naPapa, uyo panguva kwezana XV uye XVI emakore. Yakanga isingori papa yechitendero, asiwo enyika chinokosha nhamba. The kusabatana Italy uye kushaya rakabatana rudzi-mamiriro akaita vapfumi maguta Peninsula tidbit nedzimwe masimba makuru - France, Hutsvene hweRoma uye kuwana simba ichitongwa Spain. A tangle kuti zvido zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo, izvo zvakazoita kuti chidzoke uye kugumiswa mibatanidzwa yezvematongerwe enyika. Inokosha uye zviitiko zvinokosha vakapupurira ne Makiavelli Nikkolo, zvikuru kukanganiswa kwete chete professionalism wake, asiwo maonero.

maonero ouzivi

The pfungwa dzinotaurwa mumabhuku ake pamusoro Machiavelli, chinokosha kukanganisa omumwe mutemo munharaunda. Munyori ndiye akatanga kukurukura nezvayo uye akatsanangura zvose maitiro yavabati. Mubhuku "The Kesari," Akati zvakananga kuti enyika zvido ehurumende vanofanira kutangira dzimwe kokorodzano uye zvibvumirano. Nokuda nemaonero ichi, anofunga vaiona muenzaniso wakanaka MUTSOROPODZI, ndiani zvaaigona kuita zvavaida. State nouori akatsanangura basa nechinangwa yakakwirira chakanaka.

Niccolo Machiavelli, ane uzivi akaberekwa somugumisiro okuzvionera pamusoro mamiriro Italian munzanga pakutanga pakati XVI remakore, kwete chete vakataura pamusoro zvakanakira imwe nzira. On pemapeji emabhuku ake akarondedzera zvakadzama sechivako ehurumende, sei akunoita uye ukama mukati maro. Anofunga kunoburitsa pfungwa kuti zvematongerwo enyika ari sainzi, iyo ine mitemo yayo uye mitemo. Niccolo Machiavelli aidavira kuti murume, zvakakwana nyanzvi yacho, anogona kufanotaura nezveramangwana kana kuona nei mumwe muitiro (hondo, zvinhu, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Kukosha pfungwa Machiavelli raMwari

Florentine munyori Renaissance akatanga nyaya itsva dzakawanda kuti hurukuro nevanhu. gakava ake pamusoro kana uye pasi yetsika kuisa mubvunzo unopinza kuti vachiri nharo zvikoro zvakawanda youzivi nedzidziso.

Kukurukurirana basa munhu mutongi munhoroondo kokutanga yakabuda kunyorwa Niccolo Machiavelli. anofunga pfungwa vakamuendesa mhedziso yokuti feudal kusabatana (umo Somuenzaniso, akagara Italy) hunhu wamambo chinotsiva rose nemasangano nesimba kuti anokuvadza kugara munyika yake. Nemamwe mashoko, vari ichiparara ezvinhu paranoia kana simba mutongi kunotungamirira kuti zvakapetwa kagumi kuipa nemigumisiro. Muupenyu hwake, Machiavelli aona mienzaniso zvakakwana emifananidzo vakadaro Italian ukuru chinoda, apo simba riri yakazununguka kumativi somunhu zvakavamba kuchinja. Kazhinji nokufamba izvi zvakatungamirira hondo uye dzimwe njodzi kuti vari chakaomesesa yakarohwawo vanhuwo vanogara.

Saka, muna kero muverengi kwake munyori chema ndechokuti hurumende haagoni kubudirira pasina musimboti hurumende aoma. Panyaya iyi maitiro pacharo compensates zvazvakashatira mutongi simba kana tadza.

Nhoroondo "Changamire"

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti bhuku "Muchinda" rakanyorwa se chaiwo anoperekedza kushandiswa aiendeswa rokuItari enyika. Style kwakadaro kunyora akaita bhuku rakasiyana kuti nguva yaro. Raiva kwazvo enderana basa umo pfungwa vose dzaitaurwa muchimiro zvichemo, vachitsigirwa mienzaniso chaiyo-nyika uye kufunga. "The Emperor," yakabudiswa muna 1532, makore mashanu pashure pokufa Niccolo Machiavelli. Maonero yaimbova Florentine mukuru pakarepo resonated pamwe nevoruzhinji huru.

Bhuku rava bhuku enyika dzakawanda uye vezvematongerwo dzinotevera emakore. Anoshingaira reissued kusvikira zvino uye mumwe nembiru nevanhu, yakatsaurirwa vanhu uye hurumende nemasangano. Mukuru zvinhu kunyora bhuku rakanga zvakaitika kuwa Florentine Republic, iyo akamborara Niccolo Machiavelli. Quotes kubva bhuku vakanga wakazopinzwa zvakasiyana mabhuku, izvo zvinodzidzisa vashandi vehurumende-siyana vokuItaly zvemisoro.

nhodzera simba

basa rake munyori rakakamurwa zvitsauko 26, chimwe nechimwe yakanyorerwa imwe nyaya enyika. Anonyatsoziva nhoroondo Niccolo Machiavelli (anowanika papi nevanyori vekare zvinowanzotaurwa kuwanikwa pamapeji) kubvumirwa kuratidza zvokufungidzira avo zvakaitika kare panguva. Somuenzaniso, iye chose chinhu chitsauko chose kuna zvaitika mambo wePezhiya Dhariusi, akakunda Aleksandrom Makedonskim. In ake rondedzero munyori akapa tinyatsonzwisisa chii chakaitika kuwa ehurumende uye akatungamirira akawanda nharo kuti nei nyika asingaiti vakamukira pashure pokufa mudiki wehondo.

Mubvunzo pamusoro mhando nhaka hurumende rinoda chaizvo Niccolo Machiavelli. Zvematongerwo enyika, mune zvaanofunga, ndizvo zvakananga novimba mapiro choushe inopfuura kubva mugadzi kusvika mutsivi. Kana choushe inopfuudzwa zvakavimbika nzira, hurumende haangavi kutyisidzira pemhirizhonga nematambudziko. Panguva iyoyo mubhuku vari vashoma nzira kubata hurumende utsinye, vane munyori akanga Niccolo Machiavelli. Muchidimbu, mambo aigona kuenda akatora ndima itsva kupfuura zvakananga kuongorora veko mashoko. Muenzaniso unoshamisa nzira iyi yaiva kuwa Constantinople muna 1453, apo Turkish Sultan vakatamira kuguta rino guru rake uye zita nayo Istanbul.

kuchengetedza mamiriro

The munyori akaedza muudzame muverengi sei zvinoita kuchengeta akabatwa dzimwe nyika. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, maererano chinyorwa pamusoro munyori, pane nzira mbiri - yemauto uye runyararo. Muchiitiko chino, nzira vose vanobvumirwa, uye vanofanira kuva nounyanzvi aibatanidza kuti panguva placate uye kutyisidzira vanhu. Machiavelli aiva mutsigiri pakagadzwa nyuchi panyika kutora (pamusoro fomu umo zvichinge zvakaitwa chekare kana rokuItari mugungwa chinoda). Muchitsauko ichocho, munyori akauya yendarama ushe; Kesari Zvakakodzera kutsigira simba, uye kupedza simba kuramba kuenzanisa munyika. Kusavapo simba kushora kufamba kunobatsira kuchengetedza simba chindingindingi chisimba munyika, inova imwe huru zviri nezvehurumende yakavimbika uye yakatsiga.

Anotsanangura nzira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, Niccolo Machiavelli. uzivi emunyori yakatanga kuva muunganidzwa management yake ruzivo muFlorence uye nhoroondo ruzivo.

Basa unhu munhau

Sezvo Machiavelli akateerera zvikuru nenhau kukosha munhu munhau, iyewo akaita pfupi gadzira unhu kuti anofanira zvinobudirira changamire. munyori Italian akasimbisa ruvengo, pokutsoropodza rupo vatongi vanopedza coffers dzavo matongo. Kazhinji, autocrats idzi kushandisa kukwidza mitero iri chiitiko hondo kana nemamwe chimbichimbi, riri zvikuru kunetsa vanhu.

Machiavelli akaruramiswa kuomarara vatongi hurumende. Aidavira kuti yakadaro mutemo kunobatsira vanhu ichengetedzwe pemhirizhonga kusagadzikana. Kana, somuenzaniso, mambo akashaya kuranga vanhu havatani vamukire, anouraya vanhu vanoverengeka panguva iyoyowo rokuponesa vamwe vanhu kubva zvisingakoshi ropa. In chinyorwa ichi zvakare akadzokorora muenzaniso yemunyori uzivi nekutambura kwevanhu hakuna ichienzaniswa zvido yose.

Kudiwa vatongi kuomarara

munyori Florentine kazhinji akadzokorora pfungwa yokuti vanhu unochinja, uye vanhu vakawanda kunhivi - zviri boka rezvisikwa simba uye makaro. Saka, iye akaramba Machiavelli, zvinokosha kufadza mambo nokutya vaaitonga. Izvi zvichaita chengeta chirango munyika.

Somuenzaniso akataura zvakaitika kare kunozivikanwa mutungamiri Hannibal. Ari kushandisa utsinye kuchengeta hurongwa muuto rake multi-kwemadzinza, makore mashoma kunorwa Roman vakatapwa. Uye akanga asiri muchivadzvinyirira, nekuti kunyange kuuraya uye zvaisarudza pamusoro mhosva kutyora mitemo yakarurama, uye hapana mumwe, pasinei nemamiriro avo ezvinhu kukwanisa kutapata. Machiavelli aidavira kuti mutongi utsinye anoruramiswa chete kana hazvisi rakazaruka Kumanikidza vemo uye Mhirizhonga.

anofunga rufu

Anyora "Emperor" yakakurumbira anofunga makore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake hwakatsaurirwa pakusikwa "History of Florence", iyo akadzokera chaanodisisa Genre. Akafa muna 1527. Pasinei posthumous mukurumbira munyori, nzvimbo muguva achiri kuzivikanwa.