Magamba paChernobyl. The liquidators of paChernobyl tsaona

Yakavakwa muna 1954 yokutanga renyukireya simba chirimwa muSoviet Union uye kuita atomu zvinangwa rugare, vanhu vakatenda kuwana kupfuura kokupata magetsi. Muna 80-ies ose XX remakore, paitova 360 simba renyukireya zvirimwa. 1986 musi April 26 , nyika munharaunda akadzidza mutengo wayo yechokwadi ezviuru upenyu, akafa kubva nemwaranzi uye zvachinokonzera, 300 zviuru pokugara, akasiya nemisha. Asi vakaurayiwa aigona kunge yakatokura kana kwete vanhu, magamba chairo paChernobyl, kudzivisa yakakura dambudziko noupenyu hwavo.

The tsaona panguva paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa

Pausiku April 26 takarara vagari maguta Ukrainian pakati Pripyat uye paChernobyl, riri azvaitwa 4 uye 18 km kubva renyukireya nesimba chirimwa, izvo basa vakawanda vemo vakura. Nhoo 4-fung mufurati, apo reactor yaiitwa bvunzo № 4 akagadzirisa Zvinosiririsa dzavo zvakafanorongwa kwemakore akawanda. How kuona paya hurumende basa, runodiwa parameters, izvo zvakakonzera chin'a pezvakaitwa chakaparira kuputika reactor kunge yatyorwa mumuedzo. matani 50 peturu wakapukunyuka outwards, inova 10 nguva kupfuura wakashata Hiroshima.

Mutongo achava angasafarirwa utariri paChernobyl: kuitisa bvunzo, Mutevedzeri mukuru injiniya A. Woodpeckers uye Kumutungamiriri paChernobyl V. Bryuhanov vanogamuchira shoko makore 10. Kubva migumisiro nemwaranzi kutanga kusada upenyu 1995. Mukuru injiniya varasikirwa pfungwa dzake. Chete ari nineties basa hurumende anobvuma kuti huru muparanzvongo yacho tsaona yakanga ingozi chaiyo, uye chaiwo pamasikiro reactor. Kuti hazvo, vadzidzi rokutanga paChernobyl njodzi - ravarwi netsvimbo. Nokuparadzwa chivakwa Unit, achiuraya vaviri, vose (134) vachirwara pamwe nemwaranzi urwere, uyo nokukurumidza akafa 24 (28 nemoto).

Netsoka munzira kwohumwe njodzi

Pashure kuputika maviri ane musiyano mumasekonzi zviviri (1 awa nemaminitsi 23) ari reactor rakaparadzwa zvachose, zvichiita moto vanenge 30. chiteshi dzaishandisa vaiva vokutanga vasina kuzeza moto vakamhanyira kuti dzibve. Nepo wekambani V. Bryuhanov yakasvika 2 o'clock yemapurisa, vari mamiriro nehana, muimba zvemagetsi chitoro akatambura kudzivirira rehydrogen kuputika, izvo zvinogona kufukidza Minsk, kure nokuda anopfuura 300? Km.

The nyika inofanira kuziva mazita magamba paChernobyl. -Makore 47 nemutevedzeri kusuduruka foromani Alexander Lelechenko pachake akadzikatidza chekubuda rehydrogen kupinda injini mukamuri, padenga rakanga kare nomoto.

Mazuva mana akagara kumabasa, kubvisa migumisiro yacho paChernobyl tsaona uye kuona njodzi nokushanda navatatu vokutanga renyukireya simba dzakabatana. Kubva haawirirani nemwaranzi mishonga eupenyu Alexander Lelechenko akafa May 7, nechekare mugore vakagamuchira posthumous wenyaya Hero rweUkraine.

magamba True - vemoto pamusoro paChernobyl

Alarm akamutswa varindi kubva paChernobyl vemoto uye Pripyat, okutanga akasvika pachiteshi 7 maminitsi pashure pakutanga kuputsika. vanhu 28 vakamhanyira mumoto-kurwa achitungamirirwa refutenendi Vladimir uye Victor Pravik Kabenka. Both makore 23 okuberekwa, asi muenzaniso wavo, vakanga kuti vanodzima, kupa mirayiridzo yakajeka uye vari kupi chinonetsa. utariri zvachose kuti mikuru Telyatnikov, anotungamirirwa iro rakava vanhu 69 uye 14 nemotokari. Zvinenge pasina dziviriro, pamwe chete magiravhusi, nengowani uye yunifomu, kanivhasi, kwete kushandisa nokuti mukuru tembiricha gasi Masiki TRC-5, hutatu vemoto vakanga vasingazivi inouraya mumatunhu.

By zvina o'clock mangwanani moto vemunyika kuti matanhatu akanga akadzimwa zvachose. Kurasikirwa mukurwisa mumoto pfungwa, vemoto zhinji vakagamuchira ane ngozi dose nemwaranzi uye vakatumirwa kunorapwa muMoscow uye Kiev. Vanhu 13 kubatwa panguva 6 kuchipatara zvekuchipatara guru, 11 vakafa. Ndiani akava baba mwedzi pamberi nhamo, pakati pavo Victor uye Vladimir Kabenok Pravik. Vanachiremba vanoti nzira yakasarudzwa Mabatirwo Dr. Gale zvakanga zvakaipa. Professor Leonid Kindzelskomu muKiev, kushandisa pachake nzira yayo yokurapa, varwere vose vakanunurwa. Three vemoto Vladimiru Praviku, Victor uye Leonid Kabenku Telyatnikov, akanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Vakakwanisa kurarama chete zvapedzisira kwaitsigirwa kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu zvavo.

Vanodzima moto - Heroes rweUkraine

Three vemoto pakati rokutanga akabatwa ari kwokuputsika nzvimbo dzakanga paakavapa musoro Hero rweUkraine. Pakati pavo Vasily Ignatenko,-makore 25 mudonzvo sajeni. Hwavo kuti jaya vakatama kubva moto matatu mamwe masoja avo vakanga ndafenda kunzvenga. mudzimai wake ane pamuviri akasagona kuponesa mwanasikana vakagamuchira nemwaranzi pataishanyira murume ari Moscow muchipatara. Dose akanga dzinouraya kuti vachangoberekwa.

-Makore 26 sajeni Nicholas Vashchuk uye-makore 23 Nikolai Tytenok vaiva pakati pevaya akanunura Ignatenko. Asi vose zvinofanira zvinoitirwa - kufa muchipatara. Vose vaishanda mukuru pakakwirira, kudzivisa moto kubva kupararira kune simba rechitatu. Ndipo apo nemwaranzi pamwero aiva soro. Magamba paChernobyl akasiya ndangariro kuonga, uye zvakawanda - navanakomana vaviri.

Fire - Hero kweRussia

Fire Chief of USSR kushumira Affairs Internal Main Department Lt. VaK Vladimir Maksimchuk akasvika paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa sechikamu basa nehurumende. Aiva mugove vatungamirire moto kurwa pausiku 23 May. About nyaya iyi kwenguva refu nguva kunyarara: ngozi itsva kuputika 4th reactor akasimuka pashure kuvesa dzeraundi pombi uye mukuru-voltage netambo. Tisingabvumiri vemoto Masvomhu, aine boka yenjere Colonel akapinda pachimiro moto. Kugadza ukuru ngozi uye kuziva padanho nemwaranzi (250 rontgen paawa), Vladimir Maksimchuk pachake rakarongwa kununura basa, kusarudza kufadza nguva kugara pamusoro nharaunda moto maminitsi gumi.

The moto kurwa mapazi chaiwo nzira wakatangwa, uye kurwa Masvomhu change nguva paakaudza mumwe zviitiko matsva. mukuru pachake pamwe nerimwe boka nguva uye zvakare akasangana pfungwa dzakawanda nengozi, kushumira sezvo muenzaniso pachake ushingi. Ndiwo nyika kwemakore anouya - the "chakavanzika" feat. Magamba paChernobyl vaifanira mibayiro uye vanodzima moto makumi mana, akatungamirirwa mutungamiriri achava muchipatara pakasviba. Muna 1994, vava nemakore 46 uye pachinzvimbo chevatatu MVD Internal Service Major General Vladimir Maksimchuk akafa, ari paakanga afa muna 2003 paakavapa rokuti Hero weRussia.

Ndivanaani liquidators

Mumwe zvapupu wokutanga, uyo vakabvisa reactor mushure tsaona, mashoko opareta yaiva nhau sangano Igor Kostin. Akaona mufananidzo zvachose kukundwa, sokunge pashure hondo yenyukireya. Migumisiro yacho paChernobyl mutsaona - hazvisi chete kusunungurwa renyukireya mafuta, asiwo simba radioactive kusvibiswa munzvimbo 200 zviuru mativi makiromita. Inopfungaira akaramba uzvirasire reactor radioactive gasi uye guruva mumhepo, inofanira kudzivirwa. Hazvina kudzivirira kubata pakuputika nokuda ngozi rechipiri kuti pasi reactor kutsemuka munhu kongiri rakanyorwa, uye magma kuchaita batanidza kuti mvura.

Zvisinei, zviremera woutsinye migumisiro nenjodzi uye mabhuku okutanga akazviratidza pachaunga chete pashure pemaawa 36. Radiation gore chakanyorwa Europe, uye azere dzinotambudza kubvisa vanhu kubva munzvimbo pedyo, iro vakaburuka munhau sezvo achisiya mapazi, havasati vatanga. Vanhu vakatanga kutora kubva nharaunda makumi matatu makiromita pashure kuyerwa kunoitwa muchiuto boka konoro Grebeniuk muna Pripyat. Vakaratidza kwete chete aiparadza kuwedzera nemwaranzi masikati, asi zvakashamisa Institute of Atomic Energy kwakakwana nenhamba. The nemwaranzi kumashure akapfuudza akabvumidza panogumira 600 zviuru nguva!

In nzvimbo vakanga vanunurwa vakanga vakasiya utachiona nzvimbo kwevhiki, kubva maawa tsaona wokutanga akadzinga nyanzvi kushanda panguva zvenyukireya simba anosima, uto dzakabatana. Gare gare vakadaidzwa liquidators. 600 zviuru vanhu mwoyo kuchaitwa zvakazokonzerwa tsaona mushure kudana President Gorbachev paterevhizheni pashure pemazuva 18 kubva pakutanga zvinosuwisa.

uto Feat

Mumwe nomumwe wevaya kusvika kubvisa migumisiro yacho tsaona, zvakanaka anomiririrwa, kuti ndiye paChernobyl. Heroes-liquidators pemakore haana kudemba kuti vaifanira vachamukira asingaoneki muvengi - ionizing nemwaranzi. Pasinei nezvinetso zvoutano uye rufu shamwari nezvirwere zvakakomba. 100 zviuru - ndivo vamiririri vehondo, kusanganisira 600 neherikoputa mutyairi, achaita zvose kuti munyaradze aramu reactor. Muhurumende basa kubvisa zvirango yaisanganisira Academician VA Legasov uyo akagadzirirwa rakanda musanganiswa ari reactor makirisito jecha, boric asidhi uye kutungamirira. Mumaawa 48 basa takatanga, iro yakanakisisa neherikoputa mutyairi dzaibatanidzwa, kusanganisira revocation pamusoro Afghanistan.

Padanho nemwaranzi pamusoro reactor pa9 nguva inouraya dose, mhepo tembiricha ari kukwirira 200 metres akanga 120-180 inegumi. Under ezvinhu inopisa mhepo uye radioactive njodzi kune masoja upenyu nemaoko akadonha masaga yairema makirogiramu 80, uye akaita kuti 33 vezvikepe kusimuka rimwe zuva, kamwe muna 5-6 kutenga nemwaranzi X-ray. Zvakatora matani 6 musanganiswa kusvika 35% kuti kuderedza akabuda ngozi zvinhu zvinouraya. Pakati neherikoputa mutyairi ipapo Heroes Soviet Union. Mumwe wavo - Nikolay Melnik, akanga vazodzikisa kupinda reactor kubva kumusoro shestisotkilogrammovuyu chubhu pamwe kuyera mano kudzidza hunhu pezvakaitwa mukati kuitira kudzivisa kudzokororwa kuputika. Izvi muzviruva mashandiro akaburuka munhau pasi zita "Eagle".

varwi chengetedza

The liquidators of paChernobyl mutsaona - kwete chete nenyanzvi asiwo vaimbova vakuru uye varwi pakati pemakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu, kukwezvwa mauto mhosva. All akapoteredza reactor chechina chakanga ukatakata nemwaranzi mafuta. Chakaomesesa chinhu graphite uye radioactive masarasara aifanira kubviswa remba, apo kushandiswa robotics. Asi kuenda mhuka nemwaranzi yomuropa vakaburukira, saka kwaidiwa kukwezva vanhu. magamba aya paChernobyl akaburuka munhau se "biorobots". The oparesheni aifanira kubvisa radioactive zvinhu Major General Tarakanov, akaverenga kuti kunyange rwokudzivirira suit munhu haagoni kuva nemwaranzi nzvimbo maekisirei pamwe zvakawanda 7000 pane makumi mana seconds.

Kuti marara mwaranzi muna nemafoshoro mbiri, jaya rine uremu 26-30 makirogiramu kudzivirira kwevhiki 2.5 akakwira padenga, akaisa upenyu kuzviremadza. Igor Kostin Konstantin Fedotov uye vakawira kudzokorora ayo Feat duku kashanu. Somubayiro, "biorobots" agamuchira rwokuramba liquidator nehondo Award zana rubles. Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa vanachiremba, mumwe vashanu kuvana ava vachafa pamberi makore 40. The hondo nomuvengi asingaoneki haana kupera kuvakwa nemabasa ari liquidation of paChernobyl tsaona.

Kuvakwa sarcophagus

Vanopfuura chinhu zvashata dzemapurisa zvinodiwa nyanzvi. Vanodzima moto kudzivirira dzinokaroparuka itsva, kupomba kubuda mvura pasi chesamende rakanyorwa pamusoro reactor, miners vakachera mugero wakareba 150 M kubva yechitatu chikwata yokugadza kutonhora mukamuri uchishandisa mvura senitrogen, uye kucheka mainjiniya Kurchatovsky Institute autogenous yokupona rusvingo kuona ukuru ngozi. Nyika yose yave vanounganidzwa kubatsira nedambudziko dzoga, kusika chaiko mberi-mutsetse mamiriro ezvinhu. Chakazarurwa nhoroondo pamusoro mipiro, izvo kwemwedzi mitanhatu akapiwa mamiriyoni 520 rubles. The mukunopera basa iri mukukurira simba renyukireya kwaiva kuva rokuvaka rwokudzivirira sarcophagus nokuda aizovigwa "kusvuta" reactor. Analogue wakadaro chinhu haana munyika, saka vaya akagadzira uye akavaka nayo mamiriro pedyo kurwa, magamba chaiwo paChernobyl.

Mazuva 206 zvinodiwa kuvakwa nekongiri containment uremu matani 150 uye 170 metres. Lev Bocharov, mumwe Developers ari chinhu, anoziva kuti chinonetsa ndechokuti zvose zvaifanira kugadzirwa yoga kuti ichengetedzwe vanotambura. Kure pakuvaka kwakatungamirira kuti, pasinei kuedza 90 zviuru vanhu, kushandisa hombe rakawanda zvivako simbi simende, mumakore 28 pakava pokuwa inoshandisa dzidziso ukomba anoverengeka zana mamita. More flyover neherikoputa muna 2007 uye nemwaranzi kuyerwa dzakaratidza kuti simba chikwata achiri ngozi. Saka nhasi zvakatanga chirongwa chitsva chirongwa "pokugara-2" pamwe kutora chikamu kunyika dzokuEurope uye United States.

30-kiromita nharaunda yakapoteredza chirimwa - chinoramba achisiya rokufambira, apo vanhu kugara zvinokonzera ngozi nemhaka radioactive pakusvibiswa. Pripyat rava akachengetedzwa shongwe yacho nenjodzi muna 1986 gore.

Magamba paChernobyl vakazvitsaurira

The nedambudziko paChernobyl akaratidza nyika chii chingaitika kana simba renyukireya riri hazvichadzoreki. It rakawedzera chirongwa kuderedza zvombo zvenyukireya uye akava Chokwadi, pakutanga kuguma USSR. Asi kunyange iye akaratidza dzakawanda ushingi uye heroism zvavo vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana, vakatanga takabatana ruponeso European budiriro. Vakazviuraya mutungamiri Communist Party rweUkraine V. Scherbitsky kuita kuvanza rapanzvimbo paChernobyl tsaona wechokwadi, havazokwanisi kuti vapukunyuke nedambudziko musayendisiti VA Legasov, kunzwa mhosva masayendisiti ari chiitiko. Asi hapana kunyadziswa vaya vachararama nokusingaperi mundangariro dzedu uye ndarira. Vyacheslav Kokubu musi wa25 rakafa iri tsaona muUkraine yave akanyora rwiyo "ngaakudzwe Mhare paChernobyl", iro rinotaura nokuonga "kune vaya akaponesa nyika kubva nhamo, vaya sberog kukudzwa kwake yunifomu."

In Ukraine, akasimbisa menduru "Hero pamusoro paChernobyl", izvo saka kure paakavapa yacho liquidators vakaratidza chaizvo ushingi munguva yakaoma kuti nyika. Makore matatu apfuura, mubayiro inowanikwa Kyrgyzstan chiremba Iskender Shayakhmetova achimhanya mamita ane zana kubva Unit, uyo kwakaponesa vakawanda vanhu. Asi panguva Kiev Institute of Radiation Medicine achiri anoenda dzisakarurama Zvinotambudza muvengi asingaoneki upenyu aimbova liquidators. By Professor Anatoly Chumak kufamba kubva kumakona zvose Soviet Union. Mumaguta akawanda, zvivako kuti akashinga magamba paChernobyl vanobatwa, vazhinji vacho vakafa makore akazotevera pamigumisiro nemwaranzi kurwara.