Vari kupi zvipo Magi? Sei zvipo Magi? Zvisaririra kwevaMagi. Magi - nayo ...

King James Scriptures kuchinjwa, zvikurukuru muTestamende Itsva anotanga mamwe kuvhiringidzika pamusoro "to magus" izwi. Kudivi rimwe, tiri kutaura vanhu vaiuya kuzonamata achangozvarwa Jesu Kristu. Vanotaurwawo muEvhangeri yaMateu (ch wechipiri.), Uye zvechokwadi zvakanaka vatambi. Ukuwo, mu "Mabasa", muchitsauko rorusere rinotsanangura Simoni, uyo zvaibatanidzwa uroyi. Achiona kuti zvakavanakira Mutsvene inoita munhu kuita zvishamiso zvikuru, akauya nemari kuvaapostora, achivabvunza kuti kutengesa chipo. Kubvira ipapo, kutengeserana muchechi munzvimbo inonzi usimoni. Nokudaro, to magus, ataurwa "Acts" - iri warlock, kuedza kupfuura pachake kure somunhu mukuru. Muchidimbu, puoskari. Saka chii "vachenjeri", chii Mabviro ezwi shoko?

Magwaro uye weChechi Tradition

Ngativerengei tanga kujekesa kunzwisisa kwakaita shanduro. Kana tikatarisa Evhangeri yepakutanga, akanyorwa nechiGiriki, rinotaura muna Mateo magov, «vachenjeri" - iri vachenjeri, venyeredzi, vaturikiri hope, vapristi. shanduro yechiHebheru zvakawanda kwazvo: nayo navaroyi, vauki. Zvose kududzira Greek uye dzechiJudha dzinobvumirana pachinhu chimwe chete: munhu akauya kunamata Child, haana nomweni mashiripiti uye nyeredzi. Saka, iye akavatungamirira nyeredzi akaonekwa kumabvazuva. Muvhangeri hapana panotaurwa nhamba chaiyo nenhume kana mazita avo. Data zvose izvi chokuita tsika Church, uye saka unogona kubvunzwa. Asi kushopera Simon mageu / W rinoshandurwawo kuti "ruoko-crafting", "vorozhenie", "spellcasting." Kunzwa musiyano; vakachenjera muroyi? Ngationei kuti chii chakaunza nyaya Magi kunamata netsika Church.

Nyaya Matthew

Muvhangeri wakanaka kuomera nemashoko. Herodhi akasvika "varume vakachenjera kubva East" akabvunza, "Uripi Mambo yevaJudha, nokuti takaona nyeredzi yake" pavakanzwa zvichibvira somukwikwidzi, Herodhi kufara. Akaunganidza kanzuru chokuziva Toru Knizhnikov uye vakachenjera zvavo kuitira kuti vakataura naye panguva chaiyo panzvimbo kuberekwa Child. Ivo vakadzidza mabhuku uye navaprofita akaratidza kuBhetrehema. Ipapo akaenda n'anga. Vakatevera nyeredzi uye vakawana mwana muchidyiro uye mai vake. Vakanamata navo uye akauya kuna Jesu Kristu, Mwanakomana waMwari, uyo akauya munyika muno, nezvinonhuwira, goridhe uye nemura. Sezvo ngirozi iri vayambirwa mukurota, havana kudzokera kuna Herodhi, uye akaenda kunyika yavo neimwe nzira. All, kuguma nyaya. Nei pamusoro mabhii idzi chete vanotaurwa naMateu uye kumwe? Nyanzvi Biblical vanoti kuti shoko Vhangeri inoendeswa vechiJudha hweRoma. It kazhinji ataurwa vaporofita, uye yose chitsauko chokutanga rakazvipira dzinza raJesu, kunyange zvazvo vaKristu vose vanoziva kuti iye - mwanakomana waMwari mupenyu, uye Josefa weimba yaDhavhidhi hachibatsiri. Matthew "Eastern Magi" - imwe nyanzvi Magwaro, ayo dzaona nokuda kwebasa nyeredzi, kana Mesiya achauya pasi Jewish.

Beautiful Christmas ngano

tsika dzechiKristu rethought ngano dzechiJudha hwokuuya Mambo weIsraeri. Chokutanga, Chechi akabvuma kuti pakanga vatatu vakachenjera, maererano nokuverengwa zvipo. Uyezve, akafunga kuti Magi - mativi matatu nyika, akasiya zvechihedheni uye kutora zhenje ane kutenda chitsva. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Matthew ataurwa n'anga kubva East (Persia, Mesopotamia), European tsika achisimbirira kuti, pamwe chete Asia Infant vakakotama Africa dema uye Europe. Zvinonzi zvakare vaifungidzira kuti nyaya kutenda chitsva, vanhu vemazera ose. On dzakawanda Mifananidzo unoratidza achikudza Magi, iye anotarira nevakomana African, munhu European - repakati murume uye Asian (dzimwe nguva anoratidzwa mugari wenyika Near East), bvudzi jena harahwa. Izvi zvimwe zvinopesana Tsika Tsvene yeChechi pacharo, iro muzana remakore rechisere, vakasarudza kuti vachenjeri vakanga madzimambo. Mumwe muridzi Arabia, wechipiri - Persia, uye wechitatu - India.

NecheSalvic tsika yechiberekerwa mifananidzo kuvhara emubhaibheri nyaya. Vamwe vatambi kuti poluhristianskogo poluyazycheskogo-akatunhidzwa chevarwere pageant nevamwe tsika (Hero, Rufu, muJudha), uye vamwe vanoratidza nyaya Evhangeri yaMateu (Herodhi, masoja, rinomiririra youmambo hondo, ngirozi). Dzimwe nguva dzose chiito rinoita kuti zvishoma politicized (kanenge rangarira kuberekwa chiitiko pamusoro the maidan muna 2014), asi nguva dzose aifara uye kufara zvaizoitika. Pakati vatambi vari nguva dzose kupa yemubhaibheri Magi, izvo zvinomirira vakachenjera vaanotendera.

tsika chinonamatwa

Kupemberera Krisimasi muna Western Europe uye isu, asi Eastern Slavs, zvakasiyana kwete chete panguva (December maviri namashanu, uye rechinomwe January), asi tsika. Tsika yeRoma haakanganwi pamusoro achikudza nevachenjeri, izvozvo kunzi "madzimambo". Saka, vatatu munhuwo vakauya kufananidzira vanhu vakasiyana makondinendi, uyo kuchiKristu. Ini vaikwira neChechi uye mazita Magi vakauya kuna Jesu. It Balthazar (African mukomana), Melchior (European wake mukuru) uye Caspar kana Gaspar (Asian vakwegura). Sezvo munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, vanhu vanoyeuka mazuva rokutanga gore kutaurwa izvi matatu uye vanoedza recreate Evhangeri nyaya pakuuya Magi.

Special panotaurwa zvinofanira kuva, sei kupemberera zuva Kings Three kuSpain. Mumaguta ose nemisha munyika yakakura kana miduku mumigwagwa vaipemberera. Melchior, Caspar uye Balthasar takapoteredzwa guru navaranda, vaifamba, akachingamidza vazhinji uye kugeza mariri zvihwitsi. On nhasi vanhu kuti zvipo zvose vana, kunyanya gotwe. Christmas Magi vari kunamatwa chaiwo pamwero muGermany. Uye ichi hazvishamisi - mushure zvose zvisaririra vatatu vakachenjera, anovimbisa Kereke zororo nekenza muna Cologne Cathedral. Asi azvaiitwa ine vana. Vanoenda paimba neimba, uye kwose kwose vanhu wose zvihwitsi. Uye nemhaka duku-vaitsvaka kudhirowa choko pamusoro pasuo jamb chakavanzika tsamba «B + C + M» VaGumbo akanyorwa inotaridza gore. Varidzi havashambi kwemakore akawanda, nepo pamusoro pachikumbaridzo richaramba nzvimbo vaenzi. Pashure zvekare zvinoratidza kuti Balthasar, Caspar uye Melchior akashanyira pasi pedenga reimba uye akasangana pano kupfuura Wirirana nomufaro. Chii musha akomborerwa kwevatsvene.

Zvipo Magi - chii?

Ikozvino ngatitaurei pamusoro chii akauya vakachenjera (kana, sezvo vari kunzi, madzimambo kana magic) Baby Jesu Kristu. St Matthew inoratidza chii vaiva zvipo: Chokutanga, resimbi inokosha yakadai goridhe, uye chepiri zvinonhuwirira Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti - nezvinonhuwira nemura. Zviri pachena kuti zvose zvipo zvitatu kwokufananidzira zvaanoreva. Zvikasadaro, zvinova kujeka nei achangoberekwa ndiye zvose zvaunoda. Magi ukoshi zvipo sezvo kutaurwa Church Tradition. Maererano naye, ndarama chiratidzo kubwinya youmambo. Matthew yakanyarara ari muchimiro apo Magi akapa zvinokosha simbi - mbariro, muchimiro mari kana zvimwe. Asi Kristu - Mambo wokudenga vatongi vose venyika, uye kuti chokwadi ichi anoda kucherechedza vachenjeri vachibva mabvazuva.

Eya, nezvinonhuwira nemura - vamwe zvipo Magi? Zvinorevei izvi? Inonhuwirira nebwe akapisa zvinonhuhwira achiri yechihedheni mutemberi. Chirevo vanhu nguva riri kuzvibatanidza nokunhuhwira chinhu naMwari, kwete yenyika ino. Aendesa rusenzi Jesu Kristu, ndiye Magi akajekesa kuti kunonzwisiswa kwete chete saMambo Kubwinya, asiwo soMwanakomana waMwari mupenyu. In Etiopia Arabia miti kukura, nemakwati uye nebwe izvo pashure zvakakodzera kurapwa sezvo vachidzipukuta dheriumu. The chaizvo kuona chirimwa yainzi "benzoin", asi kubuda mariri rusenzi - mura uye nemura. Mugore Judeo-Hellenistic tsika fuma iyi kuzodza vakafa pamberi kuvigwa. Zvaidavirwa kuti zvinobatsira vanhu kune imwe nyika. Infant chipo mura inofananidzirwa chibayiro ramangwana kuti Kristu achaunza vanhu.

Chii chakaitika zvisaririra zvino?

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kana Matthew kana mumwe muevhangeri haitauri chii chakaitika Magi pashure vakadzokera kunyika yavo (kuMesopotamia), tsika Church haana kufunga kuti kukanganwa navo. Kunamatwa kunamata yavatsvene zvakasara rezvapupu uye navatsvene akazviratidza remakore rechina uye zvikuru yakatanga kuMiddle Ages. The zvakawanda zvinoera, makuru kubuda vechinamato, saka chikuru uwandu mipiro. Zvichitevera ichi nyore zvisingarambiki, Chechi akatanga kukudziridza kunamatwa Magi, uye zvose zvine chokuita navo. It akaziviswa kuti vachenjeri vachibva mabvazuva vakagamuchira kubhabhatidzwa St. Thomas uye akazobvuma magumo kutenda munyika dzavo. Hazvishamisi kuti nokukurumidza dzakatanga uye simba Magi. Vakawana Byzantine Empress Elena Konstantinopolskaya, sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika muchiroto naye.

Sei kuti zvisaririra evanhu kubva kuBheterehema kumabvazuva, pakarepo rinowanikwa Byzantine (zvino Turkey) guta Sheva? Matthew haatauri chaiyo apo chizvarwa nyika nhatu Magi, asi chiratidzo zvirimowo muTesitamende yekare. Uprofita hwaIsaya (60: 6) inoti: "Vose vachabva Shebha, uye anofanira kurumbidzwa Mesiya, kuunza chipo nezvinonhuhwira, nendarama." Mapisarema (71:10) zvakanyorwa poruponeso "Madzimambo zviwi uye farce, Sava uye Arabia achauya nezvipo kwaari; uye kumunamata vanhu vose. " Sezvaunogona kuona, veko nyika Zion (kana umambo madzimambo matatu) vari kure kuShebha. Asi tsika dzvene awana nzira yokubuda. Paiva yezvechitendero kuti nemakore zana namakumi mashanu, mumwe vatatu Vachenjeri vakasangana Sheva, kukudza kuyeuka Ishe wedu. Ikoko zororo murugare. Uye mapfupa munharaunda Magi Christian anochengetwa chakasvitswa Constantinople.

Rwendo zvisaririra

In Constantinople, zvisaririra mutsvene haana kugara kwenguva refu. Atova V remakore vakanga ainamata Mediolanum, guta guru Lombard Duchy (ano Milan muItaly). Mugore rechigumi nemaviri remakore, Emperor Mutsvene hweRoma, Frederick Barbarossa akakunda mundima iyi uye akauya simba muGermany. Vakapona zvakanyorwa uchapupu kuti zvisaririra zvakapiwa kubudikidza Bhishopi Mukuru Cologne, Rainald pamusoro Dassel, uyo muna 1164 akavabudisa kubva Italy, pakutanga pamusoro ngoro, uye ipapo ngarava Rhine. Zvinonzi kuvakwa chirefu kupfuura Gothic Church akanga synitsiirovano chido kuumba mukuru "areka" nokuda isingaori zvasara madzimambo matatu. Zvino zvisaririra zviri Magi vavete reliquaries, uyo akasika mhizha Nikolay Verdensky, panzvimbo tsvene Cologne Cathedral.

Asi zvino ndakaona Marco Polo, uyo akashanyira mukupera namatatu remakore Sava - guta raiva kumaodzanyemba Tehran? In netsamba dzake mufambi akashuma kuti akanga ashanyira vatatu vamire pedyo uye zvakanaka wakashongedzwa rinda Magi. muviri pachena havana zvachose kunetsekana kuwedzera. ezvinhu ichi Marco Polo kunyanya akasimbisa. "Sezvo ichangobva kufa, pamwe ndebvu uye bvudzi" Zvinosuruvarisa zvinoera ava Sava chakarasika zvachose. Uye Cologne anongotaurwa mapfupa akachengetwa. Vanoratidza revanhu chete ari kure munguva kupemberera "Three Kings" (wechitanhatu yaJanuary).

vari kupi zvipo Magi?

Kana zvisaririra nhatu Magi zvose zviri zvakawanda uye chokwadi kuti avo zvipo mufananidzo anotarira zvakawanda nyore. Maererano nengano, zvikuru Mutsvene Amai vaMwari vakaramba ndarama, zvinonhuhwirira zvichena, nemura, vakaisawo Mwanakomana Wake. Kunyange asati nokufungidzira iye akapa zvipo izvi kuna duku nharaunda vaKristu muJerusarema. Vaapostora vakasarudza kuenda paridza kuvahedheni munyika yose, zvisaririra zvaitambidzwa Constantinople. Frame kwavari waiva Hagia Sophia - temberi huru, rimwe chiratidzazvizhinji pamusoro Byzantine mapurani. Asi muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu vokuTurkey vakatapa Constantinople. Mambokadzi Mara, mwanasikana Prince Georgiya Brankovicha Serbia uye naamainini romutungamiriri huru Mehmed II, akatora zvisaririra hweOttoman Empire hwechiKristu uye akamatakura kuenda Athos. Aida kupa mamongi avo, asi munzira akanga Amai vaMwari, uye akakumbira kwete kunokanganisa mitemo yakaoma yemamongi inorambidza vakadzi kukwira gomo dzvene. Mara akateerera uye achipfuura murindi zvinoera. Ikoko nhema nhasi, vari munharaunda wemamongi St. Paul. Uye nzvimbo neMhandara Maria yakavakwa chapel.

Zvipo vatatu vakachenjera pachena kuti zvose nzvimbo yeOrthodox. Havasi Mapilgrim zvose zvinogona kuuya kuGreece kuti kunamata zvisaririra. On Mountain Holy kurambidza vakadzi kushanyira dzemamongi uye dzimba. Naizvozvo zvinoera pachavo kuenda vatendi avo. Somuenzaniso, muna December 2013, Athonite wemamongi zvakaoma kuti dzimba zvipo Magi, akaropafadza baba Nikodhimo kufamba tutemberi parwendo rwavo mhiri Russia, Belarus uye Ukraine. The mubvunzo unomuka wokuti nechigadziko simbi, kunyange anokosha, uye rusenzi kuti aite zvishamiso zvokuporesa? Achipindura, mukuru mumongi Nikodhimo rinoreva ndima kubva eEvhangeri (Mateu, Chapter mipfumbamwe, Mark - wechishanu, uye Luke - wechisere), izvo zvinoreva kuti mukadzi vakapora, chete kubata mupendero nguo kweMuponesi. Kana simba akadaro ane zvatinosiita jira refu, chii isimba emitting zvinhu, izvo kamwe akabata maoko Jesu Mary Fertile?

Sei zvipo Magi aigona kuzvionera Muscovites zvose uye vaenzi. Zvisaririra vakanga hwakaratidza muna Christmas mazororo kunamata mutemberi Kristu Muponesi. Zvinhu nechokuita zvakananga pasi upenyu kwaShe wedu zvinokosha areka gumi, dzemaoresa. Ndivo maviri navasere endarama Mahwendefa mativi uye mativi zvitarisiko. Mumwe nomumwe ari yakashongedzwa nemamwe nezvishongo, yakaitwa muzviruva. Kakasaririra uye sirivha shinda, pamusoro zviri strung makumi matanhatu maviri marozari, mumwe kukura muorivhi, kubva musanganiswa rusenzi uye mura.

Asi vatendi Ukraine havagoni kuita zvavo ndakachenjera, Zvinoonekwa zvipo Magi zvakazara. Vakaendeswa Kyiv chete yechipiri yezana February gore rino, mushure akashanyira Belarus. Zvisaririra zvakaiswa pachena chakaratidzwa kubvuma Cathedral of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra (kuva wokuUkraine Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate). Asi mumazuva iwayo Ukrainian vanhu vakanga vachangobva muzvirongwa echimurenga zviitiko muKiev, saka havasi vose vaifarira mudzimba kuGomo Athos.

Zvakarasika mududziro

Russian mutsara Testamende Itsva akauyisa kuvhiringidzika mupfungwa zvavo Orthodox. Anotaurwa "Mabasa" Simon ari kunaka hunhu, achida mari Mutsvene kuumba mamwe zvishamiso pane anoumbwa uroyi. Sei, zvino, vanofanira kutora Kutarira n'anga vanouya kuzonamata kuBhetrehema? Shoko "vlhv" mu Old Church kwechiSlavonic mutauro zvinoreva n'anga, muuki, muroyi. Hatidi usapinda Mabviro ezwi rokuti. kana rinobva pashoko "bvudzi" kana "vlesneti" (taura vaguely achizevezera) - hazvina basa. Ngatitarisei kuti Magi akanga yekare.

Kwete zvedu munyika, asiwo vamwe nharaunda zvitendero vechihedheni vainamata "vanhu ruzivo". Vainyatsoziva ari uswa, vatema uye Kupinga, nyeredzi, vakakwanisa kufanotaura nezveramangwana. Yakanga rinokosha vanhu vakaderera revapristi vakanga vachipa pakuita dzokupira dzechitendero, kushopera, uprofita, uye kuswedera vakakwira zvinodhaka uye kurapwa wevarwere. Tinogona kutaura kuti marudzi Celtic kwevaMagi dzainzi Druids. Vamiririri kuti vanhu vakaderera zvomudzimu mhando iyi ane nzvimbo nani yepamusoro uye vakanakidzwa nomukurumbira kwazvo pakati pavanhu. Mazano avo, pamwe semashoko akauya Grand Nemachinda (kanenge yeuka Veschego Olega kana Gostomysl). Chii Ndinogona kutaura! nouroyi Services anazvo uye mamwe machinda Polovtsian hwedzinza. Bryachislav Izyaslavovich akarwira vapristi dzechihedheni pakutambudzwa Yaroslava Mudrogo. Uye mwanakomana wake - Vseslav Bryacheslavovich Polotsky - akazvarwa kubva nouroyi. All hwake iye akapfeka sedumwa, "chifukidziro", umo iye akaberekwa. Kana uchitenda "Turika" Vseslav aiva werewolf, aiva glamour uye unyanzvi vaigona fembera.

With kuitwa Prince Christian Vladimir necheSalvic Magi akanga pasi udzvanyiriri. Zvikurukuru vaishingaira Muchinda Kiev Yaroslav Mudry. Around 1010, akaparadza temberi Veles. Munzvimbo yayo, muchinda akavaka guta Yaroslavl. Uyewo mumaoko pamusoro Magi Gleb Novgorod uye Yang Vyshatich. Chiremba Historical Sciences I. Ya Froyanov anotenda kuti hondo iyi kushorwa pachena echihedheni nezvaidavirwa necheSalvic vanhu vakwegura uye chitendero chitsva. Pashure pezvose, chiKristu chakanga "deflated kubva kumusoro" zvavakatemwa nokuda zviremera zvehurumende. zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa taura navauki kusvikira regumi namatatu-namana emakore, zvikurukuru, muPskov uye Novgorod. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma shoko "muroyi" riri kushandurwa. Mumazuva mhirizhonga vemachechi akadana sezvo vaitsoropodza chitendero, vatsauki, Kutaura navo boka zvemashiripiti, muchiwadzana nemadhimoni, asi evocation zvirimwa nokukundikana uye kurasikirwa mombe. In yorunyararo imwe nguva vachenjeri rinonzi N'anga, nevaroyi.

vanamati vechihedheni chekare ano

Panguva kwezana XX-XXI emakore, mushure discrediting yeChechi yeOrthodox munyika yedu, paiva nevanhu vazhinji vazivikanwe sevanhu chiNazi vahedheni. n'anga izvi Russia vobatanidzwa pakuparidzira uye kutsikisa mabasa. Vane vezvitendero uye vapristi kutenda kwavo munharaunda. Panguva iyoyo iri magazini nemapepanhau unogona kuverenga zvakawanda achigadzira pamusoro n'anga uye mukadzi akachenjera uyo akadurura wakisi, bvisa korona kusawana uye zvakadai. Russian Church Orthodox anofunga mukirasi uye avo, uye vamwe zvisingafadzi Mwari nokuti chero vorozhenie nemashiripiti chernoknizhnichestvom. Asi ngati kukanganwira. Kana isu nyatsoongorora zvenhoroondo dzekare, uyewo kufungawo zvinofungwa vatsoropodzi, uye zvipo dzvene Magi yekare, vachinyatsoongorora akachengetedzwa nokuda mamongi paGomo Athos, hapana kupfuura yokunyepera. Sei?

uchapupu Written haitauri zvipo Magi sechipiriso kakasaririra kusvikira regumi remakore. Around 1200 Bhishopi Mukuru Novgorod Antony akashanyira Constantinople uye anonyora kuti St. Sophia rine midziyo yendarama, iyo "prinesosha Jehovha zvipo Magi." Wokutanga kutaurwa pamusoro chipo chimiro ndarama - sezvo tichiziva, ndiro yendarama - rinongoshandisirwa remakore rechigumi nemashanu. Pashure pokudzidza muenzaniso uye unyanzvi muzviruva kuita vavo, vatsoropodzi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti vakanga kamwe chete chishongo - bhandi yakashongedzwa post-Byzantine muzviruva. nguva gadzira kwezvishongo - XV remakore.