M.Yu. Lermontov "Kufa kweSvondo": Kuongorora kweShoko

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov airemekedza zvikuru Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin uye aida basa rake. Akanga ari mumwe weavo vaifunga Pushkin tarenda huru, uye mundima dzake zvakakosha, simba uye nzira yakasiyana. Kuna Lermontov, akanga ari chifananidzo chechokwadi uye muenzaniso wekutevedzera, saka rufu rwaAlexandro Sergeevich rwakaita zvakasimba kwaari. Zuva rakatevera chaipo mushure mezviitiko zvinosuruvarisa zvakaitika musi waJanuary 29, 1837, Mikhail Yurievich akanyora nhetembo yakatsaurirwa kumunhu wake mukuru panguva ino - "The Death of a Poet." Kuongororwa kwebasa kunoratidza kuti mairi munyori kunyange zvazvo achitaura pamusoro penjodzi yePushkin, asi zvinoreva kuguma kwevanyori vose.

Nhetembo yacho yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Mukutanga anotaurirwa zvakananga pamusoro penjodzi yakaitika munguva yechando ye1837, uye chikamu chechipiri chikumbiro kune vanyengeri vese, rudzi rwe kutuka runotumira boka rose repamusoro Lermontov. "Kufa komunyori wenhetembo", kuongororwa kunoratidzira marwadzo ose nekushaya tariro kwemunyori, ndiyo inofanirwa kutongesa sangano rose, risina kukoshesa uye rakanyadzisa Pushkin munguva yehupenyu hwake, uye mushure mekufa kwake kwakaratidza kusuruvara kwepasi rose. Mikhail Yurievich akanzwisisa zvakakwana kuti aigona kurangwa nokuda kwekusava nehanya kwakadai, asi haana kukwanisa kuzvidzivirira uye haana kugona kuramba akanyarara.

Nhetembo iyi inoshandisa shoko rokuti "muurayi", uye kwete mutongi kana muvengi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti Lermontov haireve kuti Dantes yakawanda, asi sangano rakasimudzira Pushkin kuita chiito chakadaro, kuratidza kuvengana pakati pevadzivisi, vachiuraya zvishoma nezvishoma munyori wenhetembo nekunyadziswa nguva dzose nekuzvidzwa. Munyori anotaura pamusoro pezvose izvi munhetembo "The Death of a Poet".

Kuongorora kwebasa kunoratidza nehupi ruvengo uye kutsamwa iyo munyori anoshanda kune machinda ose, nhamba uye madzimambo. Panguva iyoyo, vanyori vaibatwa sejeri jesters, uye Pushkin yakanga isiri iyo. Vanhu venyika havana kukanganisa nyaya imwe chete kuti vanyengedze uye vanyadzisa mudetembi, yakanga iri inofadza. Mumakore 34, Aleksandr Sergeevich akapiwa zita rekambani-junker, uyo anopiwa vakomana vane makore 16. Kunyadziswa kwakadaro kwakanga kusina simba rekutsungirira uye izvi zvose zvakasvibisa mwoyo wemukuru mukuru.

Munhu wese ainyatsoziva zvakanaka nezvemhirizhonga iri kuuya, asi hapana akadzivisa kuteura ropa, kunyange zvazvo vainzwisisa kuti hupenyu hwomunhu uyo, muhupenyu hupfupi hwekusika, akaita zvakakosha mukusimudzira mabhuku echiRussia, ari pangozi. Kusava nehanya nehupenyu hwomunhu ane tarenda, kusaremekedza tsika yake - izvi zvose zvinotsanangurwa munhetembo "The Death of a Poet". Kuongororwa kwebasa kunoita kuti zvive pachena mafungiro evanhu vanyori.

Panguva imwe chete, sekuongorora kunoratidza, rufu rwemunyori wacho rwakagara ragadziriswa nekuguma. Kunyange achiri muhuduku hwake, Pushkin akafanotaura rufu rwemutsiva munguva yedheel uye akarondedzera zvakajeka kuonekwa kwemuurayi wake. Lermontov anonzwisisa izvi, iri mutsara kubva mundima ye "fate yakaitika mutongo." Uyu mudetembi wokuRussia ane tarenda akaurayiwa mumaoko aDantes, uye munyori wetsamba iyi "The Death of the Poet," iyo kuongororwa kwacho kwakaratidza pachena chinzvimbo chaLermontov, hachirevi, kunyange zvazvo asingafungi chikonzero chikuru chezviitiko zvinotyisa.

Muchikamu chechipiri chebasa mudetembi anotendeukira kune wechidiki chegoridhe, uyo akaurayawo Pushkin. Anonyatsoziva kuti vacharangwa, kana kwete pasi, iko kudenga. Lermontov ane chokwadi chokuti nyanzvi haina kufa kubva munhare, asi kubva mukusava nehanya nekuzvidzwa kwevanhu. Paainyora ndima, Mikhail Yuryevich haana kumbofungidzira kuti iye pachake aizofa mu duel mumakore mashomanana chete.