Lyubechesky guruundano machinda: preconditions uye zvabuda

Hapana Ages European mamiriro akapfuura ayo kukura padanho feudal kusabatana. Kumwe, akanga akakurirwa zvakarurama nokukurumidza (sezvaakaita England), uye kumwe mune zvematongerwo Regional masangano akanga yakazvimirira zvakakwana zvinenge remakore rechimakumi maviri (sezvakaitika muGermany uye Italy). Not akaponesa ichi zvakafanorongwa uye Ages Rus. Period amplification pamusoro kwomuchinda simba uye kukunda madzinza Eastern necheSalvic akapa nzira kuti nguva redistribution munyika mumapasuru pakati mazana vamiririri kwomuchinda mhuri.

MARARAMIRO Lyubecheskogo Congress

Zvichida, akatangira ino yokutanga inofanira kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa Vladimir Svyatoslavich kundorwa mukoma wake Yaropolk. Chiitiko ichi kuguma X remakore rakanga pavanotaurirana pakati pavanakomana muchinda akashaya kuti chigaro Kiev rokutanga. Ipapo akoromoke Kievan Rus 'sezvo rimwe vaisagona kurega. Zvechokwadi, mitemo uye mwanakomana Vladimira Velikogo, Prince Yaroslav Mudry. Zvisinei, pashure porufu rwake, yechipiri yezana XI remakore, yakawanda pachena zvinova chirongwa disintegration pakati Kievan Rus kupinda yoga fiefdoms. Achitaura pamusoro zvikonzero izvi kunofanira kuitwa kwete chete kune nhamba yemakambani venhaka, vachiti choushe, asiwo socio-nezvikonzero zvoupfumi. Saka, kufarirwa uye kukura feudal ukama zvakatungamirira nokusimbaradza kumatunhu. Kurima asingadi kubatsira kukura kuchinjanisa uye simbisa chero Links pakati nenharaunda. Local boyars pamusoro nguva zvakava nani kuramba kwete muchinda Kiev, uye yavo. Chinhu chinokosha aivawo kukura mumaguta makuru - chernihiv, Galich, Polotsk, Smolensk, Suzdal. Pakazopera XI remakore, Russia yakakamurwa dzikava fiefdoms Local machinda, nokusingaperi akarwa pachavo nokuda simba, ndima uye simba. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inokanganisa nokurwisana kwoutsinye kudziviswa vabatane kuzorwa vanhuwo muvengi anongofamba amarudzi steppes kweGungwa Dema. Wokutanga kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri uye kuti pachavo vakava Lyubechesky guruundano machinda muna 1097. zita rayo anowana, chokwadi, kubva kuunganidzwa nzvimbo - guta riri Dnieper Ljubech kuti vemazuva chernihiv mudunhu.

Lyubechesky guruundano machinda

Senior panguva mwanakomana wemufi muna 1093, muchinda Svyatopolk II Izyaslavovich, akanga asingakwanisi kukurira kukura nokukakavara. All zvakataurwa muzvirevo ndima yasvika panguva yaro apogee. Panguva chirongwa ane zvikuru chiremera ipapo Rus Prince Vladimir Monomakh uye ikaungana Lyubechesky Congress machinda Russian muna 1097. Chinangwa chikuru chokuungana ichi chaiva kudzvinyirira ne kukakavara uye zvimwe zvibvumirano pakati machinda. Somugumisiro Nhaurirano Lyubechesky guruundano machinda kwakaita kuti chisarudzo chinokosha panguva iyoyo: "mutongi wose akabata dzemadzibaba ake". Saka, zvino haazi mukuru Kiev muchinda akanga suzerain, aiva nekodzero vabatane pasi tsvimbo yake dzose Russian, asi enshrines pfungwa kuti ose muchinda feudal ane simba rizere yazvo weutungamiriri uye transmits huchibvutwa nhaka. Lyubechesky Machinda Congress kugadzirisa kupesana pakati Machinda napo. Asi panguva imwe chete Chisarudzo zvakakonzera formalization yacho kusabatana. Lyubechesky guruundano machinda chaizvoizvo akasunda Russia rokutanga yezana XII remakore yokupedzisira Nokubvumira feudal rusununguko kumatunhu.