LAZ-695: nokurondedzerwa uye mifananidzo. Lineup reLviv Bus Plant

Lviv Bus Plant (LAZ) yakavambwa muna May 1945. Mumakore gumi, kambani yave kusunungurwa Cranes uye motokari Trailers. Zvadaro kudyara kurimwa vanokwanisa yave kuwedzera. Muna 1956 akakungurutsa kure wokutanga bhazi muchiso LAZ-695, mufananidzo izvo akapa papeji. Iye dzinotungamirirwa refu mazita yemashoko ramangwana nyaya. Mumwe nadzurudzo itsva kwakavandudza hwokugadzira parameters uye anova vasununguka pane yapfuura.

"Magirus" uye "Mercedes"

Sezvo kumumvuri nokuda kuvaka LAZ-695 akatenga kushandiswa kwose German "Magirus". The muchina yave vakadzidza munguva 1955 kugadzirwa kwainzi kubva pfungwa nemaonero kwesayenzi kushanda ari conveyor gungano iri shoma vanokwanisa yeSoviet "yemotokari indasitiri". Panguva kugadzirira LAZ-695 bhazi Serial kugadzirwa kunze uye zvose zvimwewo Data dzakatorwa kuzvitendero "Magirus 'uye chassis, chassis uye simba chirimwa pamwe yedzimudzangara wakatorwa kubva bhazi German" Mercedes-Benz 321 ". motokari German arasikirwe hurumende yeSoviet chipa nekuti kumavirira imotokari akanyorwa kure zvakare mangwanani, kushandura itsva. "Magirus", "Neoplan" uye "Mercedes-Benz" vakatengwa kuti chetatu mutengo, uye vose mabhazi vaiva chakanakisisa ezvinhu.

Start okuwana

LAZ-695 nokurondedzerwa izvo vaionekwa zvakakwana yakavimbika, kugadzirwa kwemakore maviri, kubva 1956 kusvika 1958. Original motokari kushandiswa mumadhorobha migwagwa, asi pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti ayo mukati haadi kusangana zvinodiwa ndichibvunza mutakurwi motokari, raiva nechomukati chaiva yakamanikidzika uye kugadzikana. LAZ-695 vakatanga cruising pamusoro nyika migwagwa, nguva ino vakaratidza panokwanisika nokutsanya keriya. Its hwokugadzira Data zvakazara kusangana zvebasa kushanda. Mukuwedzera, bhazi nomufaro vakahaya boka nzvimbo, motokari raiita zvinyoronyoro, pefiyumu žil-124 injini vakashanda anenge akanyarara. Gare gare LAZ-695 nokurondedzerwa kuti havafaniri kunatsiridzwa vakashumira Cosmonaut Training Center Baikonur.

Technical zvinodiwa nokuti bhazi vakanga yakati dzakananga. The muchadenga kunoongorora vaifanira kutama mumwe module mumwe, vachitevera purogiramu pre-ndege kudzidzisa, saka mukati akanga hafu vasingachafaniri nokugara zvigaro, uye panzvimbo yavo vakaiswa chair mhando ndege pamusoro izvo zvaibvira nhema.

Mukuwedzera, mukati menyika bhazi iri nyore kutendeukira zvinodiwa zvashata nokurapwa. It paakagadzwa mano kuti vachiongorora mukuru mamiriro womunhu muviri: electrocardiographs, tonometer kuyera kumanikidza zvokushandisa nyore bvunzo ropa uye zvakawanda. Motokari kwakadaro Serviced neboka chikwata kuvarapi nevanhu vatatu (pamusoro muenzaniso zvatinosiita dzomumaguta machine).

The Soviet kumwedzi

Lviv Bus Plant akaramba kubereka muenzaniso mushanduro dzakasiyana kusvikira 2006. The muchina yave ichi- nani, uye kudiwa zviri mu- refu pamwero. Bus mitengo panguva eSoviet akanga kugara, uye zvaienderana vatengi. Vasati 1991, vanonzi vaudzwa kuti akatoparadzirwa muna USSR, izvo akaparadzirwa centrally motokari, kusanganisira mabhazi. Payment michina chinoitirwa pamahombekombe kushandisa kwaizotevera kuvhiyiwa, kuvariritira uye kugadzira nokuda Automotive mabhizimisi.

The vakaronga Upfumi of USSR vaizvitora munhu phased kukura motokari indasitiri, uye nemabhazi guta panguva iyoyo ndivo vaiva panzvimbo yokutanga mazita kudiwa ari upfumi. Vamwe tariro vakanga wakarovererwa pamusoro Lviv womuenzaniso. Zvisinei, motokari ane shanu-nokukurumidza yedzimudzangara uye kuramba mitsara zvigaro usingakwani muchikwata kupinda simba kwadzinoita motokari. City mabhazi vanoda zvikuru akashongedzerwa kabhini uye simba Unit, dzakashandisa kugara braking uye paimira. Kwakajairika injini, kazhinji overheat. Kukwirira goho womuenzaniso ndiyewo zvizere zvinoenderana nemitemo kufamba muguta.

kuedza vakiridzo

Mabhazi New kuuya kubva gungano mutsetse fekitari Lviv, akadzokorora parameters anokosha womuenzaniso, uye zvikuru magadzirirwo kuchinja zvakanga zvisingaiti. Design Bureau LAZ akaita kuedza dzinoverengeka kuchinja mukati, asi zvakanga nyore kusika muchina "kubva muvare", pane kushandura nokurondedzerwa kunoitwa aripo muenzaniso. Saka, mabhazi itsva zvose, kugadzirwa Lvov, kunanga pamusoro Suburban mitsetse basa. Uye mumadhorobha migwagwa rire trolleybuses, iyo yakapiwa panguva Lviv Automobile Plant muna 1963 (pahwaro bhazi muviri).

Wokutanga nadzurudzo

Muna December 1957, kugadzirwa kwakatangwa bhazi LAZ-695B, ane upgraded shanduro yapfuura womuenzaniso. Chekutanga yakaiswa pamusoro muchina pachinzvimbo zvokuimba pneumatic actuation (musuo yokutanga). The divi mhepo intakes kuchitonhora injini, yaiva shure akabvisa. Central mhepo yaunodya muchimiro nebhero wakaiswa padenga. Nokudaro, kutonhora kushanda rwuchiwanzwa, uye guruva vasawira injini mupanda, zviri zvishoma zvikuru. Kuchinja zvakakanganisa panze uye pamberi nzvimbo pakati headlights akatonyanya ano. Inside, nani mberi partition, zvakanga akamutswa kusvikira kumusoro, kwakanga kuno mukova kuvhura menyika. Series kugadzirwa muenzaniso uyu yakatora kuna 1964. Total 16 718 motokari dzakabudiswa.

Panguva imwe chete kusunungurwa 695B nadzurudzo chaiva kukura muenzaniso itsva 695E masere-humburumbira injini žil-130. Dzinoverengeka michina unganidzwa muna 1961, asi dzakatevedzana bhazi vakaenda muna 1963, magazini 394 chete dzakabudiswa. Sezvo April 1964 kusvikira conveyor chichiwanikwa zvakakwana simba uye kushanda kusvikira pakuguma 1969 rokutanga vakaungana 38 415 695E mabhazi, izvo 1 346 vakanga akatuma ekisipoti.

External kuchinja Bhaibheri 695E akabata vhiri namaberere, zvakaizadza azviwanira woita chimiro. Kubva bhazi žil-158 vakanga akakweretwa kubva nomusimboti pamberi uye neshure ekisero pamwe akamedura ngoma. On the 695E womuenzaniso kutanga kushandiswa elektropnevmatiku nokuda mukova kudzora. Pahwaro shanduro yakabereka 695E bhazi LAZ "The Tourist". muchina uyu rakanakira nzendo refu.

okusuma otomatiki kuedza

Muna 1963, LAZ chirimwa kwaita imwezve nadzurudzo - 695ZH. Basa chaiitirwa mune pedyo pamwe nesu, kureva, kutsvakurudza muzinda otomatiki transmissions. Mugore iroro akanga raparurwa kugadzirwa mabhazi pamwe otomatiki hutachiwana. Zvisinei, mumakore maviri akatevera, takakwanisa kuunganidza dzinokwana 40 zviumbu vakadaro LAZ-695, uchiteverwa nokubudiswa ane experimental womuenzaniso yave dzakavharwa.

Kukura ane otomatiki hutachiwana vakazoroorwa rinobatsira mumadhorobha mabhazi, LiAZ kugadzirwa Likino-Dulyovo Moscow nharaunda.

Mazuvaano pamusoro yaivapo yokutevedzera

Creation okunatsiridza itsva mabhazi Lviv Automobile mberi, uye muna 1969 akakungurutsa kubvisa LAZ-695M. The motokari yakanga yakasiyana kubva zvapfuura yemashoko yazvino chimiro mahwindo uye manyorerwo. Magirazi akaiswa mukati hwindo yokutanga pasina zvenguva aruminiyamu mapuranga. It yakaguma yemakambani mhepo yaunodya pamusoro pedenga, panzvimbo injini mupanda kurutivi mokupera tote slits. Sezvo 1973, bhazi chakagadzwa upgraded marimu lightweight configuration. Kuchinja zvakakanganisa chiutsi hurongwa - vaviri kukabatanidzwa kuva chete mafuro. bhazi muviri rakapfupika kubudikidza 100 mm uye mumugwagwa uremu zvawanzwa.

Serial kugadzirwa LAZ-695M kwemakore manomwe, uye panguva iyoyo akasunungurwa vanopfuura zviuru 52 mabhazi, 164 iyo vakange akatuma ekisipoti.

"Patriarch" mumhuri LAZ pamwe makumi matatu ruzivo makore

Chimwe nadzurudzo anokosha muenzaniso pamwe indekisi akava bhazi 695N, iro rine upamhi windshield uye yokumusoro nenhoo zvachose rakabatana mberi uye neshure nemikova, uye dashboard itsva ine speedometer uye chiine sensors. The prototypes akaratidzwa muna 1969, asi muna vakawanda kugadzirwa muenzaniso uyu aenda chete muna 1976. I zvibereko nemabhazi matatu, kusvikira 2006.

Papera neshanduro 695N zvichisiyana kwokutanga akaisawo chiedza, headlights, tsaukirai anonongedzera, stopsignalami nezvimwe chiedza namano. Muenzaniso akanga vakapakata guru tsotsonya pamberi kwemuviri, panyaya uto kuunganidza kuti mabhazi kushandiswa sezvo amburenzi. In zvinofambirana chete 695N shanduro akasunungurwa pamusoro vashoma mabhazi 695R, dzinoratidzwa mukuru nokunyaradzwa, manyoro zvigaro uye akanyarara kaviri masuo.

gasi shanduro

Muna 1985, Lviv Bus Plant Modifications LAZ-695NG, izvo Anomhanyira negasi akasunungurwa. Metal sepombi, kuti ikurire zvinetso kusvikira atmospheres 200, akaisa panhurikidzwa pamusoro pedenga, veshure chikamu. The gasi anopinda yokuderedza, nokuderedza kumanikidzwa, ipapo hwakakanyiwa mhepo uye musanganiswa vakanwa kupinda injini. Mabhazi pasi chiratidzo 695NG yawana kukurumbira mumakore 90, kana dambudziko mafuta payakatanga munharaunda yaimbova USSR. Nokushayiwa huni sei uye LAZ chirimwa. Ukraine yose sokuti kushaya huni, vakawanda saka chokufambisa makambani munyika zvaitambidzwa mabhazi avo gasi, waiva isingadhuri zvikuru kupfuura peturu.

LAZ uye paChernobyl

Muchirimo 1986, pashure pamusoro paChernobyl tsaona, iri okudhindira reLviv Automobile kukurumidza spetsavtobus LAZ-692 akasikwa uwandu anoverengeka dhazeni makopi. The muchina yakashandiswa kununura vanhu kubva munzvimbo chirwere uye hurukuro kune unyanzvi. The bhazi akadzivirirwa pamwe mutobvu machira vakakomba mukomberedzo,-zviviri muzvitatu nepahwindo, zvakare, akavharwa kutungamirira. Pedenga spetslyuki zvakaitwa kuti Yakanatswa mhepo. Zvadaro, zvose motokari kuti vaiitawo liquidation kuti tsaona panguva chirimwa uye kurasa sezvo vakanga kukodzera kushandiswa chaiye ezvinhu nokuda nemwaranzi utachiona.

Diesel injini

Muna 1993, panguva Lviv fekitari iri kuedza takaedza tikaisa bhazi LAZ-695 Diesel injini D-6112 kubva simba-zvine nomupedzachose tarakita T-150. Zvabuda aiwanzova zvakanaka, asi nani injini kumhanya pamusoro Diesel, kwave kuzivikanwa SMD-2307 (Kharkov chirimwa "Hammer nembezo"). Asi kuedza mberi, uye muna 1995 mune Serial kugadzirwa kwakatangwa bhazi LAZ-695D ari nepokuongorora Diesel injini D-245 Minsk Motor Plant.

of the dnipro river chirimwa

Kwapera gore, chirongwa kwave zvikuru pakanatsiridzwa, uye somugumisiro paiva 695D11 shanduro, inonzi "Tanya".

Nadzurudzo anobudiswa batch duku kusvikira 2002, uye kubvira 2003 hwakatamisirwa bhazi gungano chirimwa muna Dneprodzerzhinsk. Production pakarepo kuti pave nzvimbo itsva zvakanga zvisingaiti, sezvo kwemasayendisiti zviviri chinoumba, Pakutanga, kurimwa yakasiyana. Kura muviri LAZ mabhazi havasi huchikanganiswa yechinangwa welders 'Dneprovtsa "uye izvi akasika zvimwe zvinetso. Zvaitika kunyange vamwe anodhura pezvitsiga LAZ mabhazi, izvo dzakatorwa muna Dneprodzerzhinsk, kunyange tinova unhu yakanga kakawanda vakakwana. Somugumisiro, akazodzikama mutengo uye unhu akaita inoputswa kure, uye kugadzirwa michina vakatanga kuwana tichimhanya.

Kutsvaka yezvisikwa zvingaitwa

Design Office Lviv Automobile akatsvaka nzira kuti zviitiko zvitsva. Over yose nguva inoshandiswa panguva Lviv Bus Plant oedza kanoverengeka kuumba yezvisikwa Laz, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa zvese muguta uye dzakawanda pakutengeserana. Zvisinei, tsanangudzo yakaperera ose mutakurwi motokari havabvumirwi kuita izvi. In-refu dhonza Flights vanhu vanoda kunyaradzwa uye rinokosha inozorodza mumhepo bhazi. On mumadhorobha migwagwa, vanenge vapinda uye siya, zuva motokari yakashanyira vashoma zana vanhu. Saka, kubudisa pamwe mbiri pakatarisana nokushanda kwadzinoita zvakanga zvisingaiti, uye chirimwa akaramba kubereka okunatsiridza akawanda panguva imwe chete.

LAZ nhasi

Panguva ino iri mumigwagwa yaimbova Soviet Union anogona kusangana Lviv bhazi chirimwa rakapotsa okunatsiridza zvose. Good kugadzira zvivako rose kugadzirwa nguva, kubva 1955, akabatsira kuchengeta vazhinji motokari dziri zvakanaka. Vamwe mhando LAZ usashanda uye anoshandiswa ebetsero motokari mumaindasitiri siyana.

mitumbi vakawanda disassembled nherera - kubvisa injini uye chakasakara chassis. It kunodyira motokari indasitiri yeSoviet nguva, apo bhazi fleets zvakanyorwa kure, uye mugumo wavo hapana aifarira. The musika upfumi dzokwenyu mitemo, rakanyorwa-kure michina vangangowedzera kuwira mumaoko private varidzi, uye awane upenyu wechipiri. Uye nokuti zvekuvaka pamusoro imotokari anogadzirwa USSR, yave nguva yakakwana, ichi "upenyu chechipiri" rinogonawo kuripo.

Lviv Bus Plant chinoenda kuburikidza dzakaoma, chikuru conveyor anomiswa muna 2013, subsidiaries zhinji uye vakarondedzera makambani achirapwa kusauka zvekufamba. Kubva tinoguma kuvimba kuvapo Company LAZ. Tarisiro yakanaka kupedza mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru tariro. Zvikuru kuti vabudirire nokumutswa emakambani vane kugadzikana mamiriro ezvinhu enyika ari Ukraine, zvisinei, kuti hakuna kugadzikana.