LAZ-697 "Tourist": michina nokurondedzerwa. Intercity mabhazi

Sezvo kwayo zvisikwa uye kusvikira 1955 ari kuwanda kweShanduro Lviv Bus Plant navo. Makore 50 USSR kwaisanganisira: Cranes uye kupembedza zvikamu, dzemagetsi motokari, chassis nokuti Trailers pachavo Trailers, kushandiswa Trailers kuti zvokufambisa chingwa, motokari, nemagudzu, mobile zvitoro Trailers ... Kazhinji, chirimwa chakabereka chinhu, kunze mabhazi pachavo. Uye 17 chete August 1955 chirimwa hwokugadzira zano panguva pakutsanangura musangano akataura avo. Gwaro uye kutungamirirwa kwemashoko pagadzirwe mabhazi uye varairidzi.

Prototypes LAZ mabhazi

Kunyanya bhazi mutyairi chirimwa akamisa panguva fekitari KB, utariri uko kugoverwa V. Osepchugovu. The chikuru Bureau of nyanzvi chaipiwa jaya mugadziri, achangobva kudzidza kubva motokari indasitiri masangano.

Pakutanga LAZ akaronga kutanga kugadzirwa ane rakapedzwa muenzaniso bhazi zis-155. Zvisinei, chinzvimbo muduku chikwata CB rakanga categorically pamusoro tarisiro yakadaro, uye zvinganaka kusikwa motokari yake. Pfungwa raitsigirwa muna mukuru utariri, uye zvakananga LAZ kuti basa haana kutanga kubva muvare, vakanga watengwa panguva ichangobva European matiroko: "Magirus", "Neoplan" uye "Mercedes". Factory mainjiniya navo sezvariri namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara nemasikuruu, nokunyatsodzidza magadzirirwo zvinoitwa imupota mota.

Somugumisiro, pakazopera 1955 imwe kumumvuri bhazi rakanga vatogadzirira. Kokutanga Rakashandiswsa simba chawo, zvinosanganisira kumicheto kuti aiva rectangular muchinjikwa chikamu. With nheyo zvakasimba nehofisi bhazi muviri mamiriro. Injini motokari, iyo aivawo utsva, riri longitudinally shure chikamu.

Wheel kuturika CB chirimwa dzinokudziridzwa pamwe US mainjiniya. Yaiva kwakajairika, chitubu-chitubu mamiriro, izvo kuomarara inowedzera proportionally kuwedzera mutoro. Naizvozvo, ukuru kuzara ari bhazi asingadi kukanganisa kunyaradzwa vatakurwi kufamba. Yaiva imwe pachena hunhu Lviv michina.

Muna 1956, pamwe chirimwa akakungurutsa kubvisa guta rokutanga LAZ-695, rwakazokura zvikabva yemberi-refu daro okunatsiridza.

Kutanga "nzvimbo" nzira

In kuwa 1958 Lviv Automobile Plant akaita zvabudisa kumumvuri nemabhazi kure kukurukurirana. Nokuti. kuti muchina yaizoshandiswa nokuda refu dhonza, akati munhu akaverenga indekisi akapiwa Kuwedzera - "The Tourist". The bhazi idzva aiva pamwe chibereko motokari uye US Institute kwezvinhu mainjiniya.

Kuwedzera "The Tourist" akagashira nhamba zvakagadzirwa kuchinja kusiyanisa kubva kumumvuri (LAZ-695), kuti vagadziri akaedza kuumba hwomutambarakede zvakatipoteredza vanhu.

Bulkhead mikova iri zvose magumo kabhini, chikatsiviwa chete mashizha, izvo anovhura manually. Zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope padenga motokari akaita.

Nokuti mukati ekunze LAZ-697 "Tourist" akapindura hurongwa maviri:

• kudziyisa mhepo hita mhando;
• ndikapisira kufefetedza, akashongedzerwa aine humidifier.

Salon akaverenga pazvigaro 33.

The mufambi chigaro yakanga chaizvo akaitwa pamwe chinjika backrest. Uyezve, chigaro nomumwe ari vakapakata: nomumwe rouchenjeri usiku chiedza afoot rakagadzirirwa mabhuku, mapepanhau uye magazini, uyewo eshutureyi.

Kutungamirira akapa yoga booster chigaro - 34th, pivotable kuburikidza 180 inegumi.

Zvinonzi izvi Lviv Bus chakabudiswa akasarudzwa vanozivikanwa žil - tsamba "L" ari Chrome puranga. Uyezve, zvakadai chiratidzo rakazoreva vose vaivapo mienzaniso uye okunatsiridza motokari zvinoberekwa chirimwa.

The rakapedzwa kumumvuri womuenzaniso chaipiwa panguva Exhibition zvoupfumi kubudirira, pane imwe muboka itsva - "nebhazi". Pashure pokuita Exhibition zvoupfumi kubudirira bhazi vakaenda kushanyira boka, zvinosanganisira vashandi aikudzwa kupfuura mupudzi, parwendo kuburikidza mugovanisi kwePoland uye Czechoslovakia.

tora maviri

In mangwanani chirimo 1959 LAZ akasika imwe shanduro "The Tourist", pamwe chete nhamba chokuguma, asi aiva vanoverengeka STRUCTURAL kusiyana kubva pakutanga kumumvuri.

kuchinja Serious dzakachinja padenga bhazi: nayo zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope womuenzaniso yave atsiviwa nehwangwadza hombe (1,8 X 2.7 m), nekuti iyo kwakaderedza nzvimbo padenga PANE mwaranzi. Kokutanga pamusoro muenzaniso uyu pamusoro windscreen akanga akatasva mhepo yaunodya, iyo inopa dzinongoitika kufefetedza yacho mufambi mupanda. In chimiro nayo akafanana imwe visor kubva chivharo. All zvinotevera mabhazi yaipiwa nenzira yepamusoro, iyo yakava mhando vanozivikanwa manholes. Uyewo nhaka zvose Zvakazoitwa yemashoko mabhazi aiva kuwedzera kukura hwindo, kutanga yakaiswa pamusoro kaviri LAZ-697.

Mukwende kutakura yakanga yakagadzirirwa zvakananga pasi kabhini paburiro. Loading mukwende kunze kuburikidza rinokosha divi madhoo riri kumativi bhazi.

The simba chikwata aiva injini žil-164. Suspension chitubu mhando (Semi-elliptical rinopeperetswa matsime 4) pamwe matsime kuti kururamiswa.

This Lviv Bus 2 anotevedzana makore akanga inopiwa zviratidzwa pa kuratidzira dzakawanda: muna 1959 - muFrance, uye muna 1960 - muSwitzerland.

Michina yakavakwa series, vaisiyana zvikabva simba chikwata. Intercity mabhazi akagadza 109 zvapano injini žil-158A. Chete Injini uye akagamuchira guta - LAZ-695B.

LAZ-697: Magadzirirwo

• Size bhazi, m - 9.19 X 2,99 X 2.5 (urefu, upamhi, urefu, ukuwo).
• Ekuderedza Weight - 6 t 950 makirogiramu.
• The azere kurema muchina - 10 t 230 makirogiramu.
• Clearance - 27 cm.
• Reserve havukavu - 80 km / h.
• Simba simba chikwata - 109 l / s.
• PPC - Chinyorwa pamwe matanho shanu.
• Coupling - rudzi chete-Disc, chakaoma, akashongedzerwa ane hydraulic tikachirega.
• Upamhi musuo hwomukova - 84 cm.
• Number zvigaro kuti vanhu - 33.
• Ndima upamhi - 45 cm.
• The akatendeuka nharaunda - 9.6 m.

Nadzurudzo of "Tourist"

Mushure chinyorwa munhevedzano LAZ-697 budiriro muchina haana kugumira ipapo, uye pamusoro nguva pane 4 okunatsiridza nebhazi:

• LAZ - 697E;
• LAZ - 697M;
• LAZ - 697N;
• LAZ - 697R.

Nadzurudzo of "E"

Kubvira 1961, chirimwa žil akatanga kupa mabhazi kuna Lviv michini itsva, ine 150-simba chikwata kubva žil-130. injini aya yakaiswa pa nevasina dzomumaguta uye refu daro nemabhazi, nokuda iyo kupenda ikabereka mienzaniso zvakachinja (akawedzera tsamba "E") - LAZ-695E uye LAZ-697E azvaitwa.

kuchinja zvakaguma kuwedzera kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza mabhazi kuti 87 km / h. Zvisinei, bato akapa injini itsva dzaiva diki, saka pamwe chete dzakachinja muenzaniso chirimwa vakaramba kubudisa mabhazi "wekare". Externally, ari "wekare" uye "mutsva" michina kubva mumwe haana kusiyana.

Zvakanga kusvikira 1964, apo Zilovskoye wedzerai powertrains vava dzose, uye injini itsva yakatsiva zvizere muenzaniso wekare.

Hazvina kubva gore rino dzakachinja bhazi akatambura muduku kwokunze kuchinja - vhiri namaberere kuva woita, ruchiyerera kubva muchina kubviswa kurutivi moldings. In update iri pamusoro, uye nenzira bhazi yaigadzirwa kusvikira 1969.

Nadzurudzo of "M"

Muna 1970, tsika muenzaniso bhazi zvakapfuura vachinje kuti akabata uye varairidzi, uye ayo madhorobha ishamwari vose motokari vakanzwawo digitaalinen kwavo chokuguma tsamba "M". Zvino vanodanwa LAZ- 697M uye LAZ-695M (intercity uye guta, ukuwo).

Designers akasiya girazi denga mawere zvachose, asi vakawedzera nzvimbo kurutivi mahwindo. Mukuwedzera, mhepo yaunodya nyere yacho injini pasisina, iyo kare kuiswa iri seri bhazi. It chikatsiviwa kurutivi deflectors.

Changes dzakaitwa uye muchina hutachiwana. Factory rwemberi ekisero kwakatsiviwa ne akakwana kupfuura - "Muranda", muHungary kugadzirwa, uye vakagadzirira pamwe hydraulic gozvo.

Asi kutanga, chiratidzo muenzaniso kuti vashandi fekitari wataurwa Moscow inoratidzirwa muna 1969, siyanei Serial bhazi kugadzira pamberi kuguma muchina uye kuvapo anoverengeka zvashata migumo, izvo vakatsiva zvetsika rinoonekera.

Serial kugadzirwa LAZ-697 M akaramba kusvikira 1975, iyo nguva akanga atova kugadzirira kutsiva mumwe nadzurudzo "Tourist" - LAZ-697N. Zviya, kuchinja chakazara kuti muchina mutsva akanga akatakurwa kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma, kutanga ungano mutsetse wakaburukira yokutevedzera, izvo chemasanganiswa pakati shanduro mbiri. Kuguma pamberi yaiva zvikuru LAZ-697M uye shure nechekare kubva itsva LAZ-697N.

LAZ-697N

Tsamba "H", kutsiva "M" iri indekisi iri muchina, pakanga kamwe Serial LAZ-697M vakawedzera kukura windshields. Taizviitira muna 1973. Asi nguva yokutanga motokari zvakadai indekisi inopiwa pamusoro nebudiriro pashoo muMoscow muna 1971. Chokwadi kwaiva 697M yekare, asi ane itsva chakagadzirwa mberi.

Misa Kugadzirwa mabhazi rakatanga muna 1975. In dzakafanana, kugadzirira kuti pagadzirwe inotevera motokari, iyo aifanira kubuda mu akatevedzana makore maviri gare gare, uye kuti vawane indekisi LAZ-697R. Zvino paiva kuchinja nguva, ungano mutsetse vakatanga kuenda zvenguva muenzaniso sezvo dzakachinjwa kugadzira kuchinja.

Somuenzaniso, mune michina izvi yabviswa zvachose kubva the pane divi mahwindo uye vachiitsiva navo hwakasimba regirazi jira, uye nokuda kufefetedza vnutrisalonnoe takaisa zvokunze mhepo yaunodya riri padenga bhazi. Rwemberi overhang ane mumwe mberi inoshandisa dzidziso masuo.

LAZ-697R

Kugadzirwa imwe nadzurudzo, LAZ-697R, akatanga, sezvo aronga, muna 1978. Setsika, bhazi mutsva kubva kare kwakasiyana zvishoma. The Cherechedza musiyano kubva LAZ-697R LAZ-697N pasina musuo shure, kubva kwaari zvakare yakasiyiwa nokuti kuti ayo kuvapo kwakaita kwakaderedza nhamba zvigaro. Eya, chimwe chiratidzo pairi zvaigoneka kusiyanisa muenzaniso mutsva kubva kare - ndiyo nzvimbo kwezana anonongedzera. In LAZ-697R mirayiridzo zviratidzo zvakawanda ano sikweya uye vakanga iri zvakananga pamusoro headlights. In LAZ-697N chijana anonongedzera iri kurutivi headlights, chimiro wavo wakange wakatenderera.

Kuchinja nenhoroondo

All okunatsiridza 697 dzaitevedzana mabhazi aiva mukirasi yapakati, uye nguva haisati vakamira. Chaidiwa rwaiva motokari yakawanda zvigaro. Naizvozvo, muna 1985 kweShanduro "vashanyi" kare havasisipo. Vakatsiviwa itsva 41 chokuyananisa LAZ-699, kutumira 697-fung akatevedzana muchikwata che "retro mabhazi"

mazuva edu uye Lviv Retro "Tourist"

Zvakatora anopfuura hafu remakore kubvira ipapo, akaita sei chokutanga kumumvuri bhazi akanzi LAZ-697. Asi vachiri pakati pachavo shambadzo angawanikwa nehanya kutengeswa michina dzino. Uye zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Retro mabhazi havasi vashandi chete, asiwo ezvinhu yakanaka. Chokwadi, nokuti kure kufamba ungangova munhu angafunga kushandisa muchina zvakadaro, asi kuti private kuunganidza zvaizova zvikuru chisakafanira. Mukuwedzera, bhazi tinorasikirwa nekaupenyu pasi.

Asi pane kusaina. The miziyamu mumaguta makuru chokufambisa muKiev pane imwe shanduro "The Tourist" - LAZ-697M. bhazi Uyu ndomumwe dzakawanda mienzaniso (vanamazvikokota vanoti zvose vatatu), izvo rachengetedzwa yaro yepakutanga chimiro, uye kunyange inoyerera mamiriro. Panguva miziyamu, akanga pashure pokudzorerwa vakatakura ari fekitari LAZ. Uye, nokutendeseka, kana ichi chaizvoizvo mumwe matatu michina asara, mari chaiye bhazi Zvakaoma kufungidzira.

By uye yakakura, chii mutengo yekare muchina, hazvina basa, chii chinokosha ndechokuti pane vanhu vari hanya munhoroondo chokufambisa chiitiko USSR.