Kutsigira Sevastopol muna 1941-1942. Hero-City Sevastopol

July 3, 1942 umhare kudzivirira ari Crimean kweItari, akanga zvakaguma huru nezvinhu kuna Red Army, yakaguma shure revarwi edu. The pfupiso of Soviet Information Bureau yakati "udyire ushingi, hasha pamusoro nevanozvitsigira uye kuzvitsaurira muvengi." Makore rokutanga hondo dzakapiwa kwatiri hakusi nyore, kunyange kutenda chokwadi zviri kuitika panze kana bodo - zvaiita kurota zvinotyisa. The chichiwedzera, asi panguva imwe chete uye njodzi nhoroondo nyika yakapinda vechiStoiki kudzivirira Sevastopol muna 1941-1942. The heroism uye ushingi vose vakanga chaibatanidzwa zvakaitika mazuva iwayo, iguru.

Kuti wakabvarura Odessa, asi chengeta muCrimea

By 12 September 1941 vokuGermany vakauya pedyo Crimea. Peninsula yakanga nzira dzinokosha kukosha zvose kwatiri uye nokuda nechisimba. Rinopa zvakananga mhepo nzira iri kugadzira mafuta-pfungwa Romania, iyo kusvitsa Wehrmacht mauto pamwe mafuta. Nokurasikirwa nzira idzi, redu mhepo yakanga kunyimwa mukana kubhomba vakaparadza mafuta matura vokuGermany, uye ivo, akavapindurawo, anogona kugamuchira kwete chete yeRomania peturu zvigadzirwa, asiwo Soviet - kwavari kuzarura nzira Caucasus, kuti reserves edu. Padzimbahwe Dzvuku Army ainzwisisa kukosha rusununguko ndege ndege yacho anopikisa kumativi, saka kwakasarudzwa kuti uchatamisa Crimea mamwe mativi, Kuregedzesa kubva Odessa. Saka, nokuti ruponeso Peninsula aifanira kubayira guta rose. Hondo Sevastopol, izvo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kaza chero mauto, kunze nemvura, mhepo uye nenyika.

Pakazopera September pasi vokuGermany vakanga Kiev uye vakawanda Ukraine, Smolensk, ose nzira kuna Leningrad, pamusoro kukombwa ezvinhu vaifunga zvakanga zvinotyisa. Uyewo, napedyo weuto muvengi uye ayo wo frisky kusimudzira kure negungwa aitaura hondo refu uye zvakaoma. By September, mune hondo Uman uye Kiev vakakundwa vamapoka wokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero Front, zvino uye muCrimea rakasvika War Great. Kutsigira Sevastopol akava okupedzisira mutsetse uri Peninsula, ane vanobudirira kudzivirira aigona, kunyange zvishoma, asi kuramba inogumbura budiriro wehondo German.

Maererano Perekop Isthmus

The chete Nyika nzira kuburikidza iyo zvaibvira kuti kuCrimea - the Perekop Isthmus. Kuvakwa kuzorwa August 51th Separate Army, iyo akapiwa kudzivirira Peninsula, akaita rechi11 Wehrmacht mauto. Soviet Mauto akarayira Colonel-General f. Kuznetsov, German - Mutungamiriri Erich of Manstein. Kukudza muvengi, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kudivi romuvengi akaonekwa chimwe chezvinhu matarenda vatungamiri Hitler. Zvinosuruvarisa kumativi maviri nechemberi, dzimwe nguva pamusoro mumwe, ivo vakarwa vanhu zvikuru akanaka aigona kukwikwidzana mune professionalism norugare, kana vakanga vasina aita inofa vavengi Great Patriotic War. Sevastopol uye Crimea nedziviriro iyi dzingava nechiidzo ari kugona emauto vehondo anopikisa.

The 51th Separate Army yaiva inifanduri mapoka matatu: 276-I pasi murayiro Major-General I. Savinova, 156th, akarayira Major-General P. V.Chernyaev uye 106th akaisa kuna Colonel A . wemitambo rire. Savinov aifanira kudzivirira Chongarsky Peninsula uye Arabat mate. Chernyaev basa asati abate wokupedzisira chinzvimbo zvakananga Perekop uye kupesana Pervushina akatambanudza pamwe kumaodzanyemba Sivash 70? Km aifanira kuva nzvimbo nechemberi chinogumbura inoenda wehondo reGermany munzira kuenda Sevastopol nemhenderekedzo. 1941 vakava zvainoreva Soviet Army , kwete chete mashoko kudzivirira Crimea, asiwo mwero kugadzirira hondo yose.

Pakurwisana Perekop

Kuwedzera kupfura, muna 51th Army akapinda uye vamabhiza kupesana, ivo vaiva matatu 48-I pasi murayiro Major-General Di Averkina, 42th Colonel V. V. Glagoleva uye yechi40 Colonel F. F . Kudyurova. All mapoka matatu 51st Army, uye ndinoiitawo 271 fung Infantry Division, akarayira Colonel M. A. Titova aifanira kudzora tangi kurwisa Perekop nekamukwavarara uye ngaarege muvengi zvakadzama Peninsula, iyo yave kutanga hondo kuti Sevastopol. Four Crimean Division: 172 vakasuwa 184 vakasuwa 320 fung uye 321 fung - vairinda nemhenderekedzo. Vakaraira, ukuwo, colonels IG Toroptsev, VN Abramov, M. Vinogradov uye I. M. Aliev.

Kubva 24 September vokuGermany vachifamba inogumbura. Two inifanduri kupesana, vachitsigirwa atirari uye ndege, akaedza kupaza muIsthmus Perekop. By September 26 Ivo yaaigara ari Turkish rusvingo uye guta Armyansk. Kukandwa pamusoro kudzivirira guta vaviri vaifamba uye rimwe vamabhiza kupesana, yarongwa mutungamiriri Task Force, refutenendi-General PI volt havana kusikwa chero chaiyo zvipingamupinyi kuti mauto eGermany - saka simba zvaigumbura yavo. Pakazosvika 30 September, mauto eSoviet vakasiya zvavaimboita zvepamusoro uye vakadzokera shure.

Kuenda kune Taman Peninsula

Isa musi Ishun mwero, kubudikidza 18 October, apo uto yechi11 eGermany yakatanga tsamwisa idzva, wa9 pfuti Corps uye vanoverengeka nomumwe vamapoka Black Sea Fleet regrouped uye vakagadzirira kusangana zvakakwana matambudziko mudzivisi. Chokwadi, mauto akanga asina kuenzana. Sevastopol kudzivirira Vatungamiriri vakaziva kuti pasina vavabatsire yaizogara tsamwisa wehondo German, havagoni, asi yose pamberi hasha kurwisana, uye kukanda Ishun nzvimbo yakawedzerwa dzakabatana pakanga pasina nzira.

Battle aiva 5 mazuva, panguva iyo muvengi akasunda mauto eSoviet kunyange kuramba Peninsula. Anoponeswa chinzvimbo uye purofiti Maritime Army. Manstein, ayo mauto matsva, akakanda mberi maviri vaifamba kupatsanurana, izvo musi 28 October uye akaputsa kuburikidza okuchengetedza. Red Army zvidzidzo dzakamanikidzwa abve pasi Sevastopol. Nhoroondo guta rakanga kukasawedzerwa mutsva, kupfuura inosuruvarisa dzose makore ivepo mapeji.

Zvakanga zvisiri nyore uye pedyo Kerch, iyewo akabva mauto edu. All munzvimbo dzine makomo munharaunda akashanda hondo. kuedza zvose nokuda Red Army kuwana nzvimbo iri Kerch Peninsula akaratidza zvibereko - 42th German Army Corps muzvipoka matatu akakunda chikuru simba kwedu 51th Army, uye musi November 16 panguva Taman Peninsula akabviswa vake battalions kupona. ramangwana Guta Sevastopol uye Kerch makaziva zvizere rehondo Wehrmacht. Akaidza kupasanura kuna rwezasi pemhenderekedzo Crimea, mauto eGermany akaita kukasawedzerwa ari 54th Army Corps, iro raiva inifanduri mapoka maviri uye motorized bhurigedhi, uye yechi30 Army Corps, iine uyewo inifanduri mapoka maviri.

On the Nzira kuna Sevastopol

Safambika simba pakutanga hondo vachimiririra Sevastopol Defence Region (COP), izvo zvichida ndiyo nzvimbo rakavakirirwa akawanda European ndima. Izvi zvaisanganisira dzakawanda dhazeni pfuti emplacements, akakomberedzwa pillboxes, minefields, nhare, vakabata guru-caliber atirari, kana, sezvo vakanga vakadamwa mumazuva iwayo, bronebashennye bhatiri (BB). Kutsigira Sevastopol muna 1941-1942 kwakatora inoverengeka, kunonyanya kukonzerwa dzakavakirirwa kwazvo kuzvidzivirira nharaunda.

Yose November Hondo 41st dzakarwiwa pamusoro kweguta kure. Defense Corps akatamba Black Sea Fleet, sezvo Army 51st Army panguva iyoyo iri Peninsula iri dzotsauka - vakanga vasiya. Vachibatsirwa nomumwe inifanduri Anti ndege, atirari uye kurovedza zviyero, uye pamahombekombe mabhatiri. Vakapararira mhenderekedzo uye zvisaririra muzvipoka eSoviet akadurura kuhondo pakati kutsigira muguta, asi zvakanga kunyora nezvavo. Saka tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti umhare kudzivirira Sevastopol muna 1941-1942. It kuitwa bedzi paGungwa Black.

muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano Soviet muna November akaverenga anenge 20,000 vengarava. Asi-Chief of mwero akaona sei zvinokosha kuramba okupedzisira kumuganhu kuCrimea uye Sevastopol ravarwi akanga yanyatsosimba zvikamu Maritime Army, kare akadzivirira Odessa, akarayira Major-General I. E. Petrov.

Vakakanda vavabatsire nomugungwa, sezvo pasina imwe nzira yaiva kuzovapo. Kuzvidzivirira ravarwi akakwanisa zadzai 36000th manpower, mazana anoverengeka pfuti, dzakawanda ematani zvombo, matangi nezvimwe zvombo. Kubva 9 kusvika 11 November, hondo Wehrmacht akakwanisa zvachose vakombe Sevastopol panyika, uye mune inotevera 10 mazuva munzvimbo dzakawanda kudzinga achikanganisa kupinda kuzvidzivirira mutsetse. Zvadaro, muna musazonetsanazve paiva kumbomira.

yakabatana mberi

Guta Sevastopol Kerch uye mumazuva iwayo akaoma hondo nokuti nyika akapiwa kusafa yavo vachikanganisa kurasikirwa nezviuru nevanozvitsigira vaiva nesimba kurwisa muvengi mauto simba. Pashure pfupi takanga tisisanakidzwi, kurwa vatangazve muCrimea uchinyanya mercilessness mumazuva January 1942 rokutanga. The nguva inogarwa yeRomania Evpatoria yemuna akamedura vakarongwa vomunzvimbo uye akabereka kwachiri remagandanga yeimwe. January 5th kuguta zvaitambidzwa parachuti pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dema Fleet.

kukunda hondo yokutanga akauya pamwe diki mauto eSoviet - ravarwi Romanian akadzingwa kunze kweguta. Asi vanotsigira ukuru raiva pfupi-akararama: January 7, kudhonza nehwemweya, vokuGermany akakunda parachuti chikamu. Vakawanda masoja edu vakabatwa. Lost aiva chombo. At dzoro Alushta - Sevastopol, iyo refu inoitwa mupomerwi mauto, chiri ikozvino maiva ne vokuGermany. Kubva zvino, tariro yose vaiva pamahombekombe, apo nguva refu kuitwa yakavimbika kudzivirira Sevastopol. Mazuva kunyarara pakanga rakapotsa pasina kutokonora muguta vaiva nguva dzose.

Under nokurohwa of Luftwaffe

Guta, kunze atirari, Manstein akakanda ake akarova simba - the Luftwaffe. Army Group "South", iro raiva maviri mhepo Corps, izvo kuverengwa anenge 750 ndege, uye vakatsigira German Navy. Nokuti kwakakwana kubatwa ari Crimean kweItari Hitler akaponesa kana michina kana manpower. Fifth Air Corps Luftwaffe akakandwa pana Sevastopol inongova mukutanga Muchando cha1941, uye sezvo mangwanani sezvo May 42 vakasuwa ichi chinouraya unyanzvi aigona kupa pasi oparesheni, iyo rakapiwa Manstein, chaihwo rutsigiro. Kutsigira Sevastopol 1941-1942 Makore, pasinei kurwisa uye ushingi kweGungwa Dema vezvikepe, anyanya rebei pashure guta rakarwisa ndege muvengi. Kunyanya nemhaka chete muzvinzwe kwemauto ichi mberi rakanyonganiswa uye wechisere Air Corps, akarayira W. of Rihtgoffen. Hitler akagadza mumwe yakanakisisa vemauto kuti kwazvo uye chinokosha pasi kushandiswa.

Mhare Sevastopol kudzivirira, vakapukunyuka uye vachapona kokutsamwa hondo, vaiita ndangariro tisanzwa kubhomba kweguta. Daily Luftwaffe ndege kwakadonha pana Sevastopol tani mukuru-putika mabhomba. Kusvikira 600 kusimuka edu nemauto akanyorwa daily. Total kwave itangezve anopfuura maviri nehafu zviuru matani mabhomba, kusanganisira guru-caliber - kusvika chiuru makirogiramu nerimwe.

All simba German - ari kurwisa guta

Vakundi aibhadhara mutero atirari nhare pamusoro Sebastopol. Saka refu akaramba panguva mukuru ehondo anokumhan'arira aigona chete kuva pamberi refu masvingo kuti sezvo Crimea vaiva. Kuvaparadza, vokuGermany vaifanira kushandisa guru-caliber atirari wakakombwa. Over mazana maviri masero, iyo yaisanganisira inorema kwepfuti, Manstein akaronga mumutsetse kureba 22 makiromita. Kunze rinorema howitzers 300 mm uye 350 mm vakanga rakaiswa uye superheavy kukombwa injini 800 mm.

Germany pakavanda, kunyanya nokuda budiriro yakananga Sebastopol ndakumikidzwa kuti zvachose uremu ane chombo pamusoro chiuru matani. Its iri mumatombo asina kure Bakhchisarai. Against simba rakadaro zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti vapone. Vechikamu pamusoro kudzivirira Sevastopol akaudzwa kuti vakadaro nzeve ngaritinhire uye rinoparadza haana chombo.

Kwenguva refu mauto eGermany kukwanisa taramba guta - chaitadzisa guerrillas, nemamiriro okunze uye kusavapo zano rikamuka zvakajeka kurwiswa. Asi zvinhu zvose zvakanga zvagadzirwa muchirimo 1942. Nokuti chirimo dutu mauto wechi11 German akatowedzera zvivako zvitanhatu chitsva 54th, 30 vakasuwa 42 vakasuwa 7 fung Romanian, 8-Romanian uye 8th mhepo. Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva tsanangudzo miviri, uye ivo vaiva pasi mauto uye mhepo.

The mhete moto

On Kerch kweItari wakaiswa 42th uye 7th Corps, vangadai kushandiswa pasi akavhiyiwa uye kupinda muhondo chete kutsiva wakaputsika mapoka. 4th Mining uye 46TH Infantry vakanga itange rokupedzisira pavaipfuura pakurwa, kuti muvengi vaiva nemapoka mana namapoka nekaupenyu itsva chokupedzisira kubatwa kweguta. Saka pakupedzisira akasvika - pasi dzvinyiriro kubva zviumbu German uye pamusoro mazuva akawanda kudzivirira Sevastopol. Hondo Yenyika II rwakatora chete pagore, pakanga pachine kurasikirwa matatu kana mauto eSoviet musi mumwe mberi chete Crimean nzvimbo dzaiva kwazvo. Asi kurega nani mauto muvengi, hapana akafunga - amirisane wokupedzisira. Isu kunzwisisa kuti hondo yairwirwa ichava zvikuru zvinouraya, asi mugumisiro pachake aona.

By kugadzirira guru nezvinhu uye Wehrmacht. Murayiro rechi11 Army, kuwedzera yakavanzwa kumucheto Sevastopol kuchengeterwa chikumbiro kubva Staff zvakare matatu vaifamba uye vashoma Anti-ndege atirari regiments. Division Three kuzvidzora propelled zviyero, imwe yoga tangi rechiuto redeployed uye matochi nakisa inorema pfuti vakamirira mapapiro.

Makore akawanda gare gare, apo Second World War Vanotsvakurudza akataura muhondo vakaburukira munhau sezvo Kutsigira Sevastopol pamusoro 1941-1942, zvakava pachena kuti yakadaro kushandisa muhombe mhepo uye atirari Hitler kushandiswa munyika Hondo Yenyika II.

Kana nhamba manpower, ipapo pakutanga mupomerwi, maererano nenyanzvi, zvainge akaenzana kuti mumwe, kuti mhiri mberi. Asi muzhizha 1942, ari nhamba ukuru mauto eGermany akanga undisputed. The inokosha kurwisa Sevastopol akatanga musi June 7, asi kwerinenge mwedzi, mauto eSoviet vakachengeta mupomerwi.

The yokupedzisira kurwisa

Rinenge rose vhiki shingirira nebope rokutanga hakuiti abate. Zvikuru yakachengeteka mune pillboxes uye nhare, Gungwa Black vezvikepe anotendeuka zvinouraya nemishonga - Varwi Wehrmacht vakaurayiwa kumucheto Sevastopol mugove.

Hondo inokosha kuti mararamiro pavanotaurirana, kwakaitika June 17 kumaodzanyemba nemauto. VokuGermany vakatora chinzvimbo, aizivikanwa munhau sezvo "chegondo Nest", uye akauya regomo-breather. Pakazosvika nguva dzavarwi "Stalin", vairinda kudzivirira kurutivi rwokumusoro, akanga atova ratorwa nemauto German. Yaiva Mekenzievy uye kukwirira mumaoko avo. By manheru, mumwe nhare mashoma akapfuura mberi, pakati pavo "Bamba Gorky-1" sezvo panodamwa vokuGermany, aine BB-30 bhatiri. All North Bay aigona zvino pachena pasi kugara bombardment nokuda German atirari. With BB-30 anotsigira kurasikirwa bhatiri arasana dzose Red Army, riri nechemberi necheseri. Yakava hazviiti chokuendesa zvombo uye vavabatsire. Asi yomukati kuzvidzivirira mhete achiri ngozi vokuGermany.

Southern kwemhenderekedzo North Bay akanga akavakirirwa zvakarurama simba dutu iri stride, pasina tactical kudzidzisa, Manstein havana kuzoshinga. Akaita bheji pamusoro kushamisika chakaita, kudzivisa kurasikirwa rakawandisa. Usiku kubva 28 ndipo kusvika 29 ndipo waJune, panguva anenge akanyarara magwa Inflatable mberi chikamu yechi30 Corps kucherechedzwa akauya apo panopinda akatanga kurwisa. By Manheru June 30 akabatwa Malakoff.

Ko nevanozvitsigira vakanga inoyerera zvombo uye zvokudya, takasarudza kutama pamwero yakakwirira uye mukuru vatungamiriri Sevastopol kudzivirira mauto uye vebato kurovedzera muguta. Zviri pamusoro nokuponesa vafambisi, masoja, kusanganisira vakakuvadzwa, uyewo kudzikisa vakuru havana kuenda ...

Nokurasikirwa zvinotyisa nenhamba

The kubvisa hurongwa akabudirira kushandisa ndege, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye zvikepe chiedza zviri Black Sea Fleet twa. All akabviswa kweItari vanenge 700 mukuru utariri revarwi, ndege akarwira kuCaucasus achiri vanhu vanenge mazana maviri. zviuru zvakawanda vafambisi vakakwanisa gurai pamusoro zvemapapu midziyo. Sezvo July 1, kudzivirira Sevastopol akanga kushanda akamira. On dzimwe miganhu vakanga vachiri vakanzwa inzwi kwepfuti, asi vakanga dzomunharaunda. Left recaps Maritime Army akatamira Cape Chersonese, apo mazuva matatu uye vairamba achidzivisa muvengi. Mugore dzisakarurama kurwa akauraya zviuru Crimean nevanozvitsigira, vamwe vakasungwa. Yakatangwa ndangariro zviitiko menduru nokuda Kutsigira Sevastopol akagamuchira vakapona vashomanana. Sezvinotaurwa bhidha rake Command German pa Cape Chersonese vakakwanisa andobata vanopfuura zviuru zana Masoja Soviet uye vafambisi vengarava, asi Manstein akaramba mashoko aya achiti vasungwa chete anenge makumi mana nezviviri. Maererano nemashoko Soviet, hondo akarasikirwa 78.230 vakapukunyuka varwi nhapwa. Data mumaoko zvinoshamisa vakasiyana avo vakapa murayiro wavo German.

Nokurasikirwa Sevastopol mamiriro ezvinhu Red Army akanga waipa zvinokosha, kune mazuva apo guta mauto edu akapinda sezvo vakundi. Zvino zvakaitika risingakanganwiki ra1944, uye mberi vaiva refu mwedzi ehondo uye maira ...